Political Science Commons^™

Motivating Climate Activism Through Framing: Hope, Fear, Injustice, And Sacrifice, Josiah Gregg

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Climate Change is considered by many scientists to present a dire threat to world through its catastrophic potential. When this potential is combined with a political reality where political climate action seems impossible, citizens concerned by climate change are often paralyzed from climate activism through despair. It would thus be useful to discover how citizens can frame climate change in order to motivate themselves to action. In this project, I explore how political theorists have linked fear, hope, injustice, sacrifice, and the economic theories that have caused climate change, to their ability to inspire climate activism. I argue that political …

Dampak Pembangunan Terusan Kra Di Thailand Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia, Insan Harapan Harahap

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Penelitian ini membahas dampak pembangunan Terusan Kra terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dan upayapemerintah Indonesia dalam memanfaatkan Terusan Kra. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupabahan pustaka, yang terdiri dari penelitian sebelumnya, berita resmi, dan informasi dari website terpercaya yangterkait dengan rencana pembangunan Terusan Kra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan TerusanKra akan memberikan dampak positif dan negatif bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, Terusan Kra akanmemberikan dampak positif yang besar bagi perekonomian nasional apabila Indonesia mampu memanfaatkanPelabuhan Sabang dan Pelabuhan Kuala Tanjung sebagai pelabuhan berstandar internasional yang mampumelayani bongkar-muat kapal asing sekaligus sebagai hub internasional menggantikan pelabuhan Singapura.Untuk memaksimalkan dampak positif tersebut, pemerintah perlu meningkatkan …

Evaluasi Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Sebagai Wujud Demokratisasi: Studi Padapemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2017 Di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia, Fakhruddin Fakhruddin, Yuslim Yuslim, Syamsurizaldi Syamsurizaldi

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Pemilihan kepala daerah serentak tahun 2017 yang dilaksanakan di Provinsi Aceh diduga mengandung beberapacacat. Meskipun secara prosedural penyelenggaraan pemilu dapat dikategorikan sukses, dalam aspek substansialterdapat pelanggaran administrasi dan tindak pidana pemilu. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan pelanggaran pemilu diAceh dengan menganalisis dan memeriksa hasil laporan dan sejumlah keputusan Komisi Independen Pemilihan(KIP ) maupun Panitia Pengawas Pemilih (Panwaslih), Undang-Undang dan peraturan Komisi PemilihanUmum, dan qanun Aceh yang mengatur pelaksanaan pilkada. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan masihterdapat sejumlah pelanggaran pilkada seperti pelanggaran kesalahan administrasi data pemilih, kericuhan padasaat kampanye, kurangnya sosialisasi bagi pemilih disabilitas, politik uang, kekerasan dan diskriminasi, dansengketa pencalonan yang dilakukan oleh peserta …

Malapraktik Dalam Proses Verifikasi Partai Politik Di Indonesia: Studi Pada Pemilihan Umum 2019, Aldho Syafriandre

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Verifikasi partai politik dilakukan untuk mengukur kesiapan dan keterpenuhan syarat partai politik sebagai calon peserta pemilu. Malapraktik yang terdapat pada verifikasi partai politik pemilu 2019 yaitu Pertama, masih adanya celah produk hukum dalam verifikasi partai politik. Kedua,keterbatasan waktu pemeriksaan dokumen dan verifikasi faktual kelapangan. Ketiga, belum optimalnya Sistem Informasi Partai Politik (Sipol). Keempat, efek malapraktik dalam verifikasi partai politik. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan riset kepustakaan. Dalam menganalisis artikel ini penulis menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang relevan untuk menjelaskan argumentasi utama dalam artikel ini. Adapun tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah menganalisis celah-celah aturan hukum dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu …

Modal Sosial Jeje-Adang Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Kabupaten Pangandaran Tahun 2015, Ratnia Solihah

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Tulisan ini menganalisis modal sosial Jeje-Adang dalam pilkada Kabupaten Pangandaran tahun 2015 sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi berhasilnya mereka dalam memenangkan kontes politik lokal (pilkada). Kepemilikan modal sosial Jeje-Adang dikaji melalui metode kualitatif dengan studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan melalui wawancara secara purposive dan pemeriksaan dokumen-dokumen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial Jeje-Adang yang meliputi faktor ketokohan, kapabilitas dan integritasnya; kepercayaan dari masyarakat; interaksi sosial antara Jeje-Adang dengan pendukungnya; dan jaringan-jaringan sosial pendukung Jeje-Adang, berperan dalam perolehan kemenangan mereka.

Efektivitas Alat Peraga Kampanye Calon Anggota Legislatif: Studi Pendahuluan Pemasaran Politik Pada Generasi Milenial Di Provinsi Lampung, Indonesia, Kurnia Perdana

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat efektivitas alat peraga kampanye yang dilihat dari perspektifgenerasi milenial. Menurut data empiris, secara nasional porsi swing voters terbesar adalah dari generasimilenial. Namun, sejatinya swing voters memberikan stimulan optimisme untuk membidiknya sebagai targetkonstituen. Salah satu cara masif untuk membentuk citra positif adalah dengan membuat alat peraga kampanyevisual. Namun mencetaknya membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit, terlebih harus mempertimbangkan luasnyadaerah pemilihan. Agar program kampanye lebih efektif dan efisien, penting dilakukan evaluasi efektivitasalat peraga kampanye berupa baliho dan spanduk. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara purposive survey disepuluh kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Lampung selama tiga bulan. Setelah terhimpun, data dianalisis secarakuantitatif …

Pemilihan Kepala Desa Dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Marjinal: Studi Kasus Di Pulau Bawean, Indonesia, Hasanul Bulqiyah

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi memiliki pemilihan umum sesuai dengan tingkatannya, yang mana adanya pemilihan umum seharusnya memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap keberlangsungan pembangunan di suatu daerah, tapi tidak dengan pulau Bawean. Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang ketertarikan pemilih di Pulau Bawean pada pemilihan umum lokal (pemilihan kepala desa). Pulau Bawean yang merupakan bagian dari Kabupaten Gresik memiliki ketimpangan pembangunan yang dirasakan, kebijakan-kebijakan yang dirumuskan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Gresik tidak sepenuhnya terlaksana pada pulau Bawean. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan data wawancara mendalam pada masyarakat dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwasanya masyarakat Pulau Bawean lebih tertarik pada …

Peran Ketua Umum Partai Politik Dalam Pencalonan Kepala Daerahpada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Di Indonesia, Siti Witianti, Hendra -. Hendra

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Proses pencalonan kepala daerah pada pemilu serentak yang diberlakukan sejak tahun 2015 di Indonesiamerupakan salah satu fungsi penting pada internal partai politik. Pengambilan keputusan di internal partai politiksangat menentukan siapa calon yang akan dipilih partai politik untuk mewakili partainya dalam kandidasi pilkadadi Indonesia. Selain itu, model pemilihan pendahuluan di internal partai juga akan menentukan kualitas kandidatyang dipilih dan juga menentukan eksistensi partai politik pengusungnya ke depan. Pemilihan calon kepaladaerah di internal partai politik dapat dilaksanakan secara demokratis ataupun bahkan dilaksanakan secara tidakdemokratis. Untuk itu, penting untuk melihat sejauh mana peran ketua umum partai politik dalam menentukankeputusan di tingkat lokal. Penelitian …

Overruling Mcculloch?, Mark A. Graber

Arkansas Law Review

Daniel Webster warned Whig associates in 1841 that the Supreme Court would likely declare unconstitutional the national bank bill that Henry Clay was pushing through the Congress. This claim was probably based on inside information. Webster was a close association of Justice Joseph Story. The justices at this time frequently leaked word to their political allies of judicial sentiments on the issues of the day. Even if Webster lacked first-hand knowledge of how the Taney Court would probably rule in a case raising the constitutionality of the national bank, the personnel on that tribunal provided strong grounds for Whig pessimism. …

M'Culloch In Context, Mark R. Killenbeck

Arkansas Law Review

M’Culloch v. Maryland is rightly regarded as a landmark opinion, one that affirmed the ability of Congress to exercise implied powers, articulated a rule of deference to Congressional judgments about whether given legislative actions were in fact “necessary,” and limited the ability of the states to impair or restrict the operations of the federal government. Most scholarly discussions of the case and its legacy emphasize these aspects of the decision. Less common are attempts to place M’Culloch within the ebb and flow of the Marshall Court and the political and social realities of the time. So, for example, very few …

The Confusing Language Of Mcculloch V. Maryland: Did Marshall Really Know What He Was Doing (Or Meant)?, Sanford Levinson

Arkansas Law Review

All legal “interpretation” involves confrontation with inherently indeterminate language. I have distinguished in my own work between what I call the Constitution of Settlement and the Constitution of Conversation. The former includes those aspects of the Constitution that do indeed seem devoid of interpretive challenge, such as the unfortunate assignment of two senators to each state or the specification of the terms of office of representatives, senators, and presidents. I am quite happy to concede that “two,” “four,” and “six” have determinate meaning, though my concession is not based on a fancy theory of linguistics. It is, rather, a recognition …

Rafi & Patra, Rafi, Patra, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Rafi and his family have been stuck on the border between Greece and Macedonia for almost four months. They made their way from Afghanistan, received certificates in Greece to help them on their journey, but were then stopped at the border of Macedonia. The Macedonians said that they were no longer allowing Afghans into their country. Now all they can do is wait and hope. In Afghanistan,Rafi was a military man. As a young man, he was a part of the Revolution army, but later was made a soldier for the Government Security of Kabul. During that time, he was …

Belle La Follette’S Fight For Women’S Suffrage: Losing The Battle For Wisconsin, Winning The War For The Nation, Nancy C. Unger

History

A century ago, on May 21, 1919, the US House of Representatives voted difinitively (304 to 89) in support of women’s suffrage. Two weeks later, Wisconsinite Belle La Follette sat in the visitors’ gallery of the US Senate chamber. She “shed a few tears” when it was announced that, by a vote of 56 to 25, the US Senate also approved the Nineteenth Amendment, sending it on to the states for ratification.¹ For Belle La Follette, this thrilling victory was the culmination of a decades-long fight. Six days later, her happiness turned to elation when Wisconsin became the first …

Standing Up Against Racial Discrimination: Progressive Americans And The Chinese Exclusion Act In The Late Nineteenth Century, Wenxian Zhang

Faculty Publications

The passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act is a dark chapter in the immigration history of the United States. In contrast to the overwhelming “Yellow Peril” literature of the time, the outcries of mistreated Chinese were few and far between, as they had little recourse against their accusers. This article attempts to identify the rare voices of Chinese Americans and recognizes the bold vision and noble endeavors of some progressive Americans during the Exclusion Era of the late nineteenth century. Throughout the national debates on the Chinese Exclusion Act, a minority of Americans stood up in support of Chinese immigrants, …

Interrogating Illiberalism Through Chinese Communist Party Regulations, Samuli SeppäNen

Cornell International Law Journal

Can the exercise of political leadership, which is meant to transcend laws, nevertheless, be governed by formal rules? This Article examines the relationship between the illiberal governance project and rule-based governance in the context of the Chinese Communist Party's internal "intraparty" regulations. In the past few years, Chinese Communist Party leaders have sought to strengthen the Party's political leadership by extending its discipline inspection mechanisms further into Chinese state organs. The Party leaders have also sought to regulate Party cadres' uses of power more closely through intraparty regulations. The efforts to strengthen the Party's political leadership through improving intraparty regulations …

“Vështrimi Historik I Së Drejtës Së Vetëvendosjes”, Albina Rrustemi

Theses and Dissertations

Parimi i vetëvendosjes ka qenë dhe ka mbetur parim fundamental në të drejtën ndërkombëtare dhe njëkohësisht parim bazë i të drejtave të njeriut. Si parim, ka kaluar nëpër evolucion zhvillimorë në etapa të ndryshme të historisë për të ardhur tek një moment kyç i zhvillimit të tij. Parimi i vetëvendosjes si një parim dhe koncept politik dhe si një e drejtë shfaqet fuqishëm me përfundimin e Luftës së Dytë Botërore. Në aspektin praktik vetëvendosja është përdorur si mjet legjitimues për përpjekjet e entiteteve të ndryshme për arritjen e lirisë dhe pavarësisë. Shumica e konflikteve të përgjakshme gjithandej botës kanë ndodhur …

Differentiation And Diffusion: Shifting Public Opinion Attitudes Toward Foreign Policy In North Africa, Lindsay J. Benstead

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Drawing on Arab Barometer data, this article provides the backdrop for understanding continuity and change since the Arab Spring in national-level public opinion attitudes toward economic and political foreign policy issues in North Africa, inclusive of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia. The article leverages the concepts of differentiation and diffusion to understand how international affairs shape public opinion in North Africa since the Arab Spring. Three findings emerge. First, public opinion about domestic and international issues are linked in the minds of North African citizens and foreign policy issues are more important factors underlying pre- and post-Arab Spring politics …

Governance In A Globalised World, Richard Woodward

Books/Book Chapters

Discussions surrounding the sources of power and authority that govern the social world have taken place since ancient times. Finally, in the latter half of the twentieth century, it appeared that this debate had been decisively resolved in favour of the view that governance was the preserve of governments. This was a consequence of the ascendance in the social sciences of methodologies that presupposed human activities to correspond to the territorial boundaries of sovereign states. The privileging of sovereign territoriality did not reflect a poverty of scholarly thinking but was a by-product of their social world. (Taylor, 1996). By the …

Melville's Billy Budd And Plato's Republic: Sea Captains And Philosopher-Kings, Rob Atkinson

Scholarly Publications

This article shows how Melville's Billy Budd, rightly one of law and literature's most widely studied canonical texts, answers Plato's challenge in Book X of the Republic: Show how "poets" create better citizens, especially better rulers, or banish them from the commonwealth of reasoned law. Captain Vere is a flawed but instructive version of the Republic's philosopher-king, even as his story is precisely the sort of "poetry" that Plato should willingly allow, by his own republican principles, into the ideal polity. Not surprisingly, the novella shows how law's agents must be wise, even as their law must be philosophical, if …

The Prosecution Paradox: How The International Criminal Court Affects Civil War Peace Negotiations, Julia Reilly

Department of Political Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Since the International Criminal Court (ICC)’s inception, observers have disagreed about how it would affect prospects for peace when it is involved in situations of ongoing conflict. Therefore, I ask, why do some of the civil war peace negotiations involving the ICC end with full peace agreements, while others end with resumed violence? I argue that how the Court affects the occurrence and outcome of peace negotiations is largely a function of the role that it plays in the situation. Due to its institutional design, the Court has the capacity to play either an oversight or a prosecutorial role in …

At The Hands Of Fate: The Political Economy Of Islamic Insurance In Indonesia, Malaysia, And Pakistan, C. 1980 To The Present, Muhammad S. Rahman

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Why have Islamic insurance systems developed well in some countries, but not in others? Malaysia is considered as Islamic insurance elite due to its relatively large number of operators it houses as well as the sustained growth of Islamic insurance sales within the country, while Indonesia and Pakistan are still in early stages of development. Analyzing the political and social history of Islamization of insurance systems in these three Muslim majority countries in Asia since 1980s, this dissertation demonstrates the development gap between these countries on Islamic insurance results from; firstly, complex bargains made between various groups within each country …

Virtuous Testimonial Belief In Young Children, Shane Ryan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

I lay out the challenge posed by testimonial knowledge in young children to virtue reliabilist accounts of knowledge. In particular, I examine accounts from Greco and Pritchard and argue that those accounts are too demanding. More specifically, I make the case that young children can have testimonial knowledge without meeting the ability requirements claimed by Greco and Pritchard. As a virtue theoretic alternative, I argue that an agent's belief must be epistemically virtuous, but that this may sometimes involve belief from a trait rather than an ability.

The Determinants Of Citizens’ Preference Of Policy Instruments For Environmental Policy: Do Social Trust, Government Capacity, And State-Society Relations Matter?, Beomgeun Cho, M. Jae Moon

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study aims to investigate the determinants of citizens’ preferences for policy instruments. In particular, this study examines the impacts of social trust, government capacity, and the state-society relationship on citizens’ preferences for policy instruments. To test the relationships among those variables, the study utilizes data from the ISSP (International Social Survey Program) Environmental III 2010, which includes 32 countries. The results show that regardless of policy target groups, social trust makes citizens prefer market-based policy instruments most, and a high level of government capacity leads citizens to favor indirect policy instruments over regulation. The influence of the state-society relationship …

Subverting Institutions: Derrida And Zhuangzi On The Power Of Institutions, Steven Burik

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper shows how both Jacques Derrida and Zhuangzi use their respective ways of subverting philosophical systems, by and large through language systems, to arrive at an (implicit or explicit) subversion of political power or political systems or institutions. Political institutions are presented as including more general institutions such as the media, press, and academic and other kinds of institutions that influence the way our societies function, the way we live, work, and think. The paper first highlights the similarities and differences in the application of subversive techniques in Derrida and Zhuangzi as they battle against their respective opponents. After …

Policy Effectiveness And Capacity: Two Sides Of The Design Coin, Ishani Mukherjee, Azad S. Bali

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Policy capacity and effectiveness are two themes that have opened new pathways for academic and empirical enquiry throughout the policy sciences. In the contemporary discourse of policy design, effectiveness has taken on a more foundational meaning that goes beyond what is understood as only the attainment of specific policy goals. Rather, it has come to occupy a central position in the study of policy design, signifying the broader logic of deliberate policy action used to articulate policy problems and present alternative ways of addressing them. Effectiveness thus signals both effectual processes as well as successful policy outcomes. However, what constitutes …

Essays On The Political Economy Of International Trade And Coups, William Akoto

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I shed light on the nexus between coups and trade. I address three key questions. First, I examine whether all coup attempts, regardless of outcome, have the same effect on international trade. I demonstrate that while failed coups and increased coup risk negatively impact bilateral trade, the effect of successful coups is mixed. Disaggregating trade along its intensive and extensive margins, I also show that coups and increased coup risk largely influence bilateral trade through their impact on the extensive margin of trade.

Second, I examine how the changing composition of international trade affects coup propensity. I …

The Dynamics Of Vote Buying In Developing Democracies: Party Attachment And Party Competition In Southeast Asia, Matthew Louis Wagner

Theses and Dissertations

Broadly defined, what factors explain changes in party competition in developing democracies? The dominant theoretical paradigm used to explain changes in party competition in established democracies does not offer much leverage in emerging ones. The literature argues that linkages between voting blocs and parties erode and cleavages shift, allowing for new voter blocs or even new parties. However, if social groups, parties, and party systems are different in emerging democracies than in established ones, does this mean the dynamics of party competition are also different? Also, what does is the role of voters in these systems? My dissertation outlines a …

Women In The Governor's Mansion: Breaking The Barrier To Competition, Helen Adair King

Theses and Dissertations

Women are underrepresented in public office. One of the lowest percentages belongs to women serving as governor. Only nine women currently hold the office. Research has shown that when women run, they win. They are just as competitive as men. And yet, one particular question remains. Why don’t more women run? That is why I have chosen to focus this dissertation on the influences on the presence of a female candidate as opposed to the influences on the presence of a female governor. I argue that it is important to begin with candidacy instead of working backward. If the salient …

The Trojan Horse In Your Head: Cognitive Threats And How To Counter Them, Lora Pitman

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Vulnerabilities of the human mind caused by the way it is designed to process information have always been exploited in warfare, since the dawn of humanity. History is marked with frequent use of deceits and manipulations over the centuries, with examples ranging from the use of the Trojan Horse to Facebook’s user-profiling. While largely used over time, these tactics, that I call cognitive threats, have not been collectively examined. I hypothesize that they pose a security issue to which prevention strategies on different levels could be successfully applied. The research questions that this study asks are what the characteristics of …

Conceptualizing Governance Decision Making: A Theoretical Model Of Mental Processes Derived Through Abduction, Matt Loesch

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

The field of Public Policy and Administration is heavily influenced by the decisions individuals make regarding matters of governance. These types of decisions can affect a broad scope of government-related activities ranging from esoteric debates about political ideology to policy development to specific ways in which people directly interact with public services. Unfortunately, in the view of this research, there is no sufficient model for conceptualizing governance decision making. This creates the focus of inquiry for this work, which is to examine how governance decisions are conceived of and formulated. The purpose of this research is then to analyze the …