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Articles 631 - 660 of 667
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
The Asian Way And Modern Liberalism: A Hayekian Perspective, Chandran Kukathas
The Asian Way And Modern Liberalism: A Hayekian Perspective, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
F.A. Hayek was a European economist and socialphilosopher who first came to scholarly prominencefor his work on trade cycles and his disagreementswith John Maynard Keynes; and who earned widerintellectual notice (if not notoriety) for hispolemics warning of the threat to westerncivilisation posed by modern socialism. Hiseconomic writings in the 1930s aimed,more than anything, at exposing the flawsand contradictions in socialism as aneconomic system. His polemic, The Roadto Serfdom, published in 1944 with adedication to ‘The Socialists of All Parties’,was an attempt to turn around the thinkingof western policy-makers he thought tooeasily seduced by the claims of centraleconomic planning. And his …
The Last Refuge Hard And Soft Hansonism In Contemporary Australian Politics, Chandran Kukathas, William Maley
The Last Refuge Hard And Soft Hansonism In Contemporary Australian Politics, Chandran Kukathas, William Maley
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The arrival of Pauline Hanson’s One Nation on the Australian political scene hasbeen the subject of much discussion, but there has been little analysis of what itspolicies really mean. Consideration of those policies, or ‘Hard Hansonism,’ inrelation to immigration reveals attitudes that are simplistic, populist, nostalgic anddeeply hostile to Australia’s liberal-democratic tradition.
China's Reunification And International Security In Northeast Asia: After Hong Kong What?, James T. H. Tang
China's Reunification And International Security In Northeast Asia: After Hong Kong What?, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper examines the implications of Hong Kong's reunification with China oncross-strait relationship between mainland China and Taiwan. It begins with adiscussion of the international security situation in the region and the increasingimportance of the People's Republic of China on regional security. The paper thenaddresses the political and economic consequences of the sovereignty change overHong Kong on regional security, identifying the added strength to China on the onehand, and the Special Administrative Region's moderating influences on the other.Finally, it evaluates possible changes of the Beijing government's Taiwan policy. Inconclusion, the paper argues that China's reunion with Hong Kong may have …
The End Of Secrecy, Ann Florini
The End Of Secrecy, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Two standards of behavior are slugging it out around the world. Advocates of well-established norms such as corporate privacy and national sovereignty want to hide information from prying eyes, while promoters of transparency tout it as the solution to everything from international financial crises to arms races and street crime. Just what is transparency? Put simply, transparency is the opposite of secrecy. Secrecy means deliberately hiding your actions; transparency means deliberately revealing them. This element of volition makes the growing acceptance of transparency much more than a resigned surrender to the technologically facilitated intrusiveness of the Information Age. Transparency is …
The Ideology Of Miss Thailand In National, Consumerist And Transnational Space, William A. Callahan
The Ideology Of Miss Thailand In National, Consumerist And Transnational Space, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Every morning at 8:00 a.m. (with flag-raising) and every evening at 6:00 P.M. (with flag lowering) the official symbolic identity of Thai- land is displayed - by state order - on television. These displays are a graphic daily reminder of how nationalism, the military, and the media are tightly bound together in Thailand. Though it seems like a timeless tradition of respect for essential national symbols, this tele- vized ritual is the result of a "revolutionary order" issued by the right-wing dictators who took power with the brutal October 6, 1976, massacre and military coup.1 These media productions are part …
Comparing The Discourse Of Popular Politics In Korea And China: From Civil Society To Social Movements, William A. Callahan
Comparing The Discourse Of Popular Politics In Korea And China: From Civil Society To Social Movements, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The Korea Journal’s series of articles addressing the question of civil society are a timely addition to the struggle over the discourse of democracy which is common to many countries in Pacific Asia. Since Professor Han Sang-Jin’s article does an excellent job of critically summarizing Chung Chulhee, Cho Hein and David Steinberg’s arti cles on Korean civil society, it seems that there is not much more to be said on the topic. To add to this discussion I will try to expand the discourse geographically and conceptually. Geographically, I will compare the discourse of popular politics in Korea with that …
Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas
Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In modern societies, particularly the societies of the liberal democratic West, cultural diversity poses a challenge not only to the makers of government policy, but also to the philosopher looking to understand how it might be possible-in principle-for people of different ways to live together. The challenge is posed because society's institutions have been challenged, as the members of different groups have demanded "recognition." They have demanded not simply recognition of their claims to a (just) share of the social pie but, more important, recognition of their distinct identities as members of particular cultural communities within society. The persistence and, …
O Arquipélago Liberal: Contornos De Um Conceito De Liberalismo (In Portuguese), Chandran Kukathas, Ana Barradas
O Arquipélago Liberal: Contornos De Um Conceito De Liberalismo (In Portuguese), Chandran Kukathas, Ana Barradas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
O objectivo desta comunicação consiste em delinear e defender um con- ceito de liberalismo. Na medida em que o liberalismo proporciona uma teoria sobre a natureza de uma sociedade livre, apresenta os contornos de uma teoria da liberdade particular. Mas a sua preocupação mais imediata é defen- der um modelo peculiar de sociedade livre. A natureza deste modelo talvez possa ser melhor entendida, pelo menos inicialmente, se considerarmos a teoria aqui apresentada como fazendo a defesa de um aspecto de determinada pergunta. Tal pergunta consiste em saber se o liberalismo identifica um conjunto de valores e padrões morais aos quais …
A New Role For Transparency, Ann Florini
A New Role For Transparency, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Arms control has traditionally dealt with limiting the means of destruction. When the greatest threa to security came from the potential for organized violence inflicted by an external enemy against a state, arms control logically sought to limit that danger. But as the threats to security have become more diffuse, policy-makers will need to draw on a wider repertoire of tools to reduce the potential destructiveness of less organiized threats, and even emerging unintended dangers. The article examines the problems of nuclear proliferation and environmental toxification over the long term, describes why these problems will require a transparency-based approach, and …
Hong Kong In United States-China Relations: The International Politics Of Hong Kong's Reversion To Chinese Sovereignty, James T. H. Tang
Hong Kong In United States-China Relations: The International Politics Of Hong Kong's Reversion To Chinese Sovereignty, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article examines the implications of the political transition of Hong Kong onUS-China relations in strategic, political and economic dimensions. It evaluates the impactof Hong Kong's changing status in the context of the engagement-containment debate onChina policy in the US. It suggests that US concerns over questions such as democracy andhuman rights and China's rejection of foreign interference' in Hong Kong would turn theterritory into a source of political conflict between the US and China. Finally it points outthat any major trade confrontation between the two countries would have serious implicationsfor the territory. The article concludes by arguing that if …
A Preview Of Ei And Ezi: Programs For Ecological Inference, Kenneth Benoit, Gary King
A Preview Of Ei And Ezi: Programs For Ecological Inference, Kenneth Benoit, Gary King
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Ecological inference, as traditionally defined, is the process of using aggregate (i.e., ecological) data to infer discrete individual-level relationships of interest when individual-level data are not available. Existing methods of ecological inference generate very inaccurate conclusions about the empirical world- which thus gives rise to the ecological inference problem. Most scholars who analyze aggregate data routinely encounter some form of this problem. EI (by Gary King) and EzI (by Kenneth Benoit and Gary King) are freely available software that implement the statistical and graphical methods detailed in Gary King's book A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem. These methods make …
Democracies Really Are More Pacific (In General): Reexamining Regime Type And War Involvement, Kenneth Benoit
Democracies Really Are More Pacific (In General): Reexamining Regime Type And War Involvement, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Current consensus in the field of democratic peace research holds that democratic states go to war in general no less than nondemocratic states. The author challenges this consensus by reevaluating the main empirical studies on which it rests, using information that previous studies ignored and statistical techniques unused or even unknown at the time. The results indicate that from 1960 to 1980, democratic nations were less involved in military conflict than other regime types. Estimates of this relationship are robust to different operational definitions of both war and democracy, to the addition of control variables for other possible correlates of …
The Evolution Of International Norms, Ann Florini
The Evolution Of International Norms, Ann Florini
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article puts forward a theoretical explanation for why norms of international behavior change over time. It argues that the mainstream neorealist and neoliberal arguments on the static nature of state interests are implausible, as the recent empirical work of the growing constructivist school has convincingly shown. But the constructivists have not yet provided a theoretical basis for understanding why one norm rather than another becomes institutionalized, nor has learning theory yet provided an adequate explanation. An evolutionary approach that draws its hypotheses from an analogy to population genetics offers a promising alternative. This article briefly outlines the constructivist critique …
Vote-Buying In The Thai Northeast: The July 1995 General Election, William A. Callahan
Vote-Buying In The Thai Northeast: The July 1995 General Election, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The argument that Thailand was a bureaucratic polity characterized by limited popular participation has been challenged in recent years by the manifest rise of civil society. At the same time, business interests have assumed growing political importance, challenging the traditional pre-eminence of government officials and military officers. In particular, politics in provincial areas have come to be strongly influenced by a rising business elite. One effect of this changing landscape has been growing commercialization of the electoral process, as was clearly seen in the July 2, 1995, general election. Vote-buying and other abuses were widespread, especially in provincial areas. This …
Against The Communitarian Republic, Chandran Kukathas
Against The Communitarian Republic, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Communitarianism has risen to prominence in recent debates in political philosophy largely on the strength of its criticisms of liberalism. Among its more important criticisms is the charge that liberal political thinking does not properly appreciate the value of community. At a deeper level, communitarian ism asserts that liberalism is infected by confusions about the nature of community, thinking?mistakenly?that it is no more than an associa tion of separate, isolated, 'atomistic' individuals. Communitarians thus advance not only certain claims about value but also other claims about how the human world should be understood.
Pluralism, Multiculturalism And Group Rights, Chandran Kukathas
Pluralism, Multiculturalism And Group Rights, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
However prevalent may have been the longing for homogeneity, or at least social unity, in political thinking, the fundamental point which must be recognized is that cultural diversity or pluralism has been the most notable feature of society in the history of human set tlement. "Marginality and pluralism were and are the norm of civi lized existence."1 There are several reasons why this is the pattern revealed by history.2 The first has to do with the ubiquity of military conflict. Even among barbarians ethnic political unity was fragile because military conquests resulted in the mixing of peoples. But throughout history …
Non-Governmental Organizations, Non-Violent Action, And Post-Modern Politics In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Non-Governmental Organizations, Non-Violent Action, And Post-Modern Politics In Thailand, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
y interpretations of Thailand's May 1 992 mass movement and mili- tary crackdown dwell on middle-class democracy formulae and/or mobacracy threats to national security. The paper argues that the two most interesting aspects of the May Events - non-violent tactics and non-governmental organizations - challenged not just the soldiers, but the whole military-directed discourse of political organization in Thailand. Utilizing feminist theory's notion of oppositional consciousness, the non-governmental organization/non-violent action dynamic is framed as a motivating force behind the social movement of April-May 1 992. This challenge can be called "post-modern" because, with its multi-centred organization and centrifugal forces, it …
Electoral System And Minority Representation, Kenneth Benoit, Kenneth Shepsle
Electoral System And Minority Representation, Kenneth Benoit, Kenneth Shepsle
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Defending Negative Liberty, Chandran Kukathas
Defending Negative Liberty, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Imagining The Demos In The Demos: Mob Discourse In Thai Politics, William A. Callahan
Imagining The Demos In The Demos: Mob Discourse In Thai Politics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
eryone believes to some degree that wolves howl at the moon, or weigh two hundred pounds, or travel in packs of fifty, or are driven crazy by the smell of blood. None of this is true. The truth is we know little about the wolf. What we know a great deal about is what we imagine the wolf t
From Empire Defence To Imperial Retreat: Britain's Postwar China Policy And The Decolonization Of Hong Kong, James T. H. Tang
From Empire Defence To Imperial Retreat: Britain's Postwar China Policy And The Decolonization Of Hong Kong, James T. H. Tang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Attempts to examine Hong Kong as an issue in British postwar colonialpolicy often emphasize the unique nature of the colony, andtherefore a special case in British decolonization. Hong Kong hasbeen regarded as an unconventional colonial entity, an anachronismin the modern world. But others argue that the word colony is not anappropriate term to describe it, except in the most severely technicallegal sense, because of its spectacular industrial and economicdevelopment since the end of the Second World War.' Nonetheless,Hong Kong has existed as a British crown colony since I842, and itscolonial political structures have remained more or less the same untilthe …
Resisting The Norm: Ironic Images Of Marx And Confucius, William A. Callahan
Resisting The Norm: Ironic Images Of Marx And Confucius, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The analysis of Chinese politics seems to be ruled by binary oppositions. The question most often asked about social movements is "is it Communist or is it anti-Communist?"
Black May, Ngos And Post-State Politics, William A. Callahan
Black May, Ngos And Post-State Politics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Survival ... is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. For the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change.
Metaphor In/And/Of The Four Modernizations: The Discourse Of Pencil Sharpeners In Chinese Politics, William A. Callahan
Metaphor In/And/Of The Four Modernizations: The Discourse Of Pencil Sharpeners In Chinese Politics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
"China" is a process of cultural revolutions that have dotted - sometimes with blood - its history. These cultural revolutions have been various attempts to establish a harmony in the Chinese world. Since the Opium Wars of the 1840s, the West has become a major ingredient in this harmony - the Four Modernizations Campaign.
Gender, Ideology, Nation: Judou In The Cultural Politics Of China, William A. Callahan
Gender, Ideology, Nation: Judou In The Cultural Politics Of China, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
ONE DAY IN February 1991 a Chinese film previously noted mostly for its radical use of color - Ju Dou - became an international political event. Politics and culture (once again) became intimately intertwined as China was honored with its first Oscar nomination at the same time that China was castigated for trying to censor this film, and hence control representations of "China."
Cultural Rights Again: A Rejoinder To Kymlicka, Chandran Kukathas
Cultural Rights Again: A Rejoinder To Kymlicka, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Are There Any Cultural Rights?, Chandran Kukathas
Are There Any Cultural Rights?, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
I shall advance the thesis that if there are any moral rights at all, it follows that there is at least one natural right, the equal right of all men to be free.
Review Of Michael Oakeshott, Rationalism In Politics And Other Essays, And Paul Franco, The Political Philosophy Of Michael Oakeshott, Chandran Kukathas
Review Of Michael Oakeshott, Rationalism In Politics And Other Essays, And Paul Franco, The Political Philosophy Of Michael Oakeshott, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Michael Oakeshott (1901-1990) was a political philosopher associated for most of his academic career with Caius and Gonville College as Official Fellow and Lecturer in History and later with the London School of Econom- ics as Professor of Political Science. His name is sometimes mentioned with those of two other famous thinkers associated with the LSE-Karl Popper and F. A. Hayek-and like them he has had a notable influence on contem- porary political thought. Yet whereas Hayek and Popper wrote a great deal on a variety of topics and were often at the center of academic controversy, Oakeshott wrote little, …
The Fraternal Conceit: Individualist Versus Collectivist Ideas Of Community, Chandran Kukathas
The Fraternal Conceit: Individualist Versus Collectivist Ideas Of Community, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In the modern world countless minorities press separate claims for recognition by their fellow countrymen, by their states and, in some cases, by the world. Many of these groups, such as the Australian Aborigines and New Zealand Maoris, describe themselves as indigenous peoples, while others identify themselves simply as ethnic or cultural minorities with legitimate grievances. The various demands made by such groups leave us in no doubt that there is a political problem. But there is also an important philosophical question to be addressed: a question about the terms of civil association. The modern world has seen two great …
Democracy, Parliament And Responsible Government, Chandran Kukathas, David W. Lovell, William Maley
Democracy, Parliament And Responsible Government, Chandran Kukathas, David W. Lovell, William Maley
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
No abstract provided.