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Articles 211 - 240 of 667
Full-Text Articles in Political Science
Cultivating Power: Gardens In The Global Politics Of Diplomacy, War, And Peace, William A. Callahan
Cultivating Power: Gardens In The Global Politics Of Diplomacy, War, And Peace, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although gardens are typically appreciated as peaceful spaces of apolitical serenity, this article highlights how gardens can provide new sites and sensibilities that complicate our understanding of diplomacy, war, and peace. While gardens are a popular location for diplomatic performances—for example, the Treaty of Versailles—the global politics of gardens remains underresearched in international relations (IR). To address this gap, the article follows the “aesthetic turn” in IR to examine gardens as contingent social constructions of social-ordering and world-ordering, which both shape and participate in global politics. In particular, it develops a framework to examine how peace-war becomes intelligible in gardens …
A Wide Anticommunist Arc: Britain, Asean, And Nixon's Triangular Diplomacy, Wen-Qing Ngoei
A Wide Anticommunist Arc: Britain, Asean, And Nixon's Triangular Diplomacy, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
President Richard Nixon’s triangular diplomacy succeeded because a “wide anticommunist arc” of U.S. allies in Southeast Asia had confined the influence of both China and the USSR to the Indochinese states. Beijing and Moscow welcomed détente with Washington in order to accommodate to de facto U.S. hegemony in the region.
Crowdsourcing: A New Tool For Policy-Making?, Araz Taeihagh
Crowdsourcing: A New Tool For Policy-Making?, Araz Taeihagh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people is used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy-making initiatives; however, this use has usually focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process, such as agenda-setting and policy evaluations. Other forms of crowdsourcing have been neglected in policy-making, with a few exceptions. This article examines crowdsourcing as a tool for policy-making and explores the nuances of the technology and its use and implications for different stages of the policy process. The article addresses questions surrounding the role …
Text Analysis In R, Kasper Welbers, Wouter Van Atteveldt, Kenneth Benoit
Text Analysis In R, Kasper Welbers, Wouter Van Atteveldt, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Computational text analysis has become an exciting research field with many applications in communication research. It can be a difficult method to apply, however, because it requires knowledge of various techniques, and the software required to perform most of these techniques is not readily available in common statistical software packages. In this teacher’s corner, we address these barriers by providing an overview of general steps and operations in a computational text analysis project, and demonstrate how each step can be performed using the R statistical software. As a popular open-source platform, R has an extensive user community that develops and …
Predicting The Brexit Vote By Tracking And Classifying Public Opinion Using Twitter Data, Julio C. Amador Diaz Lopez, Sofia Collignon-Delmar, Kenneth Benoit, Akitaka Matsuo
Predicting The Brexit Vote By Tracking And Classifying Public Opinion Using Twitter Data, Julio C. Amador Diaz Lopez, Sofia Collignon-Delmar, Kenneth Benoit, Akitaka Matsuo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We use 23M Tweets related to the EU referendum in the UK to predict the Brexit vote. In particular, we use user-generated labels known as hashtags to build training sets related to the Leave/Remain campaign. Next, we train SVMs in order to classify Tweets. Finally, we compare our results to Internet and telephone polls. This approach not only allows to reduce the time of hand-coding data to create a training set, but also achieves high level of correlations with Internet polls. Our results suggest that Twitter data may be a suitable substitute for Internet polls and may be a useful …
A Guide To The Singapore Presidency, Smu Apolitical, Wenqi Ng
A Guide To The Singapore Presidency, Smu Apolitical, Wenqi Ng
Student Publications
Singapore adopted the Westminster Parliamentary system of government from the United Kingdom. Under this system, the head of state and head of government are distinct roles that are held by different people. The head of state of Singapore is the President, and in the United Kingdom it is the monarch who holds that responsibility. The head of government in both countries is the Prime Minister. Before 1991, the President was “elected” (essentially appointed) by Parliament. The role of the President was entirely ceremonial. Singapore’s first President, Yusof Ishak, who was also the last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, interacted with various communities …
George Yeo [Singapore, Minister Of Foreign Affairs], George Yeo
George Yeo [Singapore, Minister Of Foreign Affairs], George Yeo
Digital Narratives of Asia
George Yeo, former Minister of Foreign Affairs who became a business leader, speaks to DNA about his philosophical Taoist worldview, the impact of the rise of China, and the challenges facing ASEAN at its 50th year. He talks on how the soft power of ASEAN's policy of non-interference has yield some successes.
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay summarizes my argumentin The History Problem: The Politics of WarCommemoration in East Asia. The historyproblem is essentially a relational phenomenonthat arises when nations promote self-servingversions of the past by focusing on whathappened to their own citizens with littleregard for foreign others. East Asia, however,has recently also witnessed the emergence of acosmopolitan form of commemoration takinghumanity, rather than nationality, as itsprimary frame of reference. Whencosmopolitan commemoration is practiced as acollective endeavor by both perpetrators andvictims, a resolution of the history problem willfinally become possible.
The Critical Role Of Mass Media In International Norm Diffusion: The Case Of Undp Human Development Reports, Devin K. Joshi, Roni Kay O'Dell
The Critical Role Of Mass Media In International Norm Diffusion: The Case Of Undp Human Development Reports, Devin K. Joshi, Roni Kay O'Dell
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
What role does mass media play in the promotion of global norms? We address this question through an analysis of Human Development Reports (HDRs) produced by the United Nations Development Programme. Although HDRs have promoted human development ideology over the past twenty-five years, little is known about how and to what extent their messages have been disseminated to the public. Addressing this gap in the literature, we examine a critical intervening factor in the process of international norm diffusion: political communication via the mass media. Highlighting the importance of framing and agenda setting, we identify four communicative mechanisms that can …
Incumbency Advantage And Candidate Characteristics In Open-List Proportional Representation Systems: Evidence From Indonesia, Sebastian Carl Dettman, Thomas B. Pepinsky, Jan H. Pierskalla
Incumbency Advantage And Candidate Characteristics In Open-List Proportional Representation Systems: Evidence From Indonesia, Sebastian Carl Dettman, Thomas B. Pepinsky, Jan H. Pierskalla
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We use evidence from Indonesia's April 2014 legislative elections to study the relationship between incumbency, list position, candidate characteristics, and electoral success in open-list PR systems. Contrary to a recent literature identifying an incumbency disadvantage in other large developing democracies, we identify a consistent personal incumbency advantage in Indonesia. However, we argue that this advantage is mediated by party choices over how incumbents and newcomers are ranked on party lists, a key heuristic for voters in low-information electoral environments such as Indonesia.
The Dumb Prof Considers Intersectionality In The Age Of Trump, Justin Kh Tse
The Dumb Prof Considers Intersectionality In The Age Of Trump, Justin Kh Tse
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Among decent, intelligent, and respectable human beings in the United States and around the world, the occupation of Donald Trump of the American presidency is the shock that never ends. Much of this has to do with how vulgar the man is. The activist-academic terms intersectionality and identity politics have in turn entered into our popular vocabulary as words that might describe how all of these aggrieved groups might resist the Trump Administration. This resistance, it is claimed, is necessary because these various groups have not only been insulted by Trump’s rhetoric, but have also been oppressed by draconian policies …
Goh Chok Tong [Singapore, Prime Minister], Chok Tong Goh
Goh Chok Tong [Singapore, Prime Minister], Chok Tong Goh
Digital Narratives of Asia
ESM Goh Chok Tong tells DNA how he overcame his reluctance and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. He believes in consultative, participative decision-making approach, which differs from his political mentor, Mr Lee Kuan Yew. He dealt with leaders of regional countries in his adaptive and pragmatic style.
Adam Smith, Settler Colonialism, And Cosmopolitan Overstretch, Onur Ulas Ince
Adam Smith, Settler Colonialism, And Cosmopolitan Overstretch, Onur Ulas Ince
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Adam Smith has recently been celebrated as a precocious theorist of commercialcosmopolitanism who decried the injustice of imperial conquest and extraction. This paperfocuses on Smith’s endorsement of settler colonialism in North America and argues thatSmith’s newfound cosmopolitanism is overstretched. Smith welcomed settler colonies as theembodiment of the “natural progress of opulence” and spared them from his invective againstother imperial practices like chattel slavery and trade monopolies. Smith’s embrace of settlercolonies, however, involved him in an ideological conundrum insofar as the prosperity ofoverseas settlements rested on imperial expansion and seizure of land from Native Americans.I contend that Smith muffled this disturbing …
South Africa And Sexual Orientation Rights At The United Nations: Batting For Both Sides, Eduard Jordaan
South Africa And Sexual Orientation Rights At The United Nations: Batting For Both Sides, Eduard Jordaan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In 2011 South Africa led the UN Human Rights Council to adopt the first-ever UN resolution on sexual orientation. In 2014, South Africa was the only African state to support the follow-up to the 2011 resolution. These actions create the impression that South Africa is strongly committed to the international advancement of sexual orientation rights. However, this article scrutinises South Africa’s actions on sexual orientation rights at the UN for the period 1995–2015 and will demonstrate South Africa’s inconsistency, its frequent failures to support sexual orientation rights internationally, and its various actions against the advancement of these rights. The article …
Sector-Specific Development And Policy Vulnerability In The Philippines, Jacob I. Ricks
Sector-Specific Development And Policy Vulnerability In The Philippines, Jacob I. Ricks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Why does a state build institutional capacity in certain sectors rather than others? Despite having gained leverage explaining the emergence of institutions in the developmental states of East Asia, we have comparatively weak accounts for sub‐national variation in institutional strength, a much more common phenomenon. Investigating the surprising achievements of the Philippines’ National Irrigation Administration, this article advances a theory of sectoral success in the face of a generally poor developmental record. The author demonstrates that executives will only construct institutional capacity when facing strong political pressure combined with resource scarcity. Such vulnerability permits politicians to exercise discretion in choosing …
Street-Level Bureaucrats And Irrigation Policy Reform In Southeast Asia, Jacob I. Ricks
Street-Level Bureaucrats And Irrigation Policy Reform In Southeast Asia, Jacob I. Ricks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Policy reforms are difficult for developing states, especially when they are meant to improve cooperation and collaboration between private citizens and state officials, such as in the case of education, health care provision, business-state relations, and policing. A large part of this challenge is that the policy reforms required for coproduction of services necessitate development of state capacity in new directions. Using the substantive issue of irrigation reforms, especially those aimed at improving service provision and farmer participation, I identify three lessons for reformers regarding the implementation of policy for the coproduction of services. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Thailand …
Why Knowledge Is Special, Shane Ryan
Why Knowledge Is Special, Shane Ryan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
I argue against Greco's account of the value of knowledge, according to which knowledge is distinctively valuable vis-a-vis that which falls short of knowledge in virtue of its status as an achievement and achievements being finally valuable. Instead, I make the case that virtuous belief is also an achievement. I argue that the nature of knowledge is such that knowledge is finally valuable in a way that virtuous belief is not, precisely because knowledge is not simply a success from ability. The value of knowledge lies in the positive responsiveness of the world to an agent's epistemic virtuousness.
Estimating Intra-Party Preferences: Comparing Speeches To Votes, Daniel Schwarz, Denise Traber, Kenneth Benoit
Estimating Intra-Party Preferences: Comparing Speeches To Votes, Daniel Schwarz, Denise Traber, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Well-established methods exist for measuring party positions, but reliable means for estimating intra-party preferences remain underdeveloped. While most efforts focus on estimating the ideal points of individual legislators based on inductive scaling of roll call votes, this data suffers from two problems: selection bias due to unrecorded votes and strong party discipline, which tends to make voting a strategic rather than a sincere indication of preferences. By contrast, legislative speeches are relatively unconstrained, as party leaders are less likely to punish MPs for speaking freely as long as they vote with the party line. Yet, the differences between roll call …
Dreaming As A Critical Discourse Of National Belonging: China Dream, American Dream And World Dream, William A. Callahan
Dreaming As A Critical Discourse Of National Belonging: China Dream, American Dream And World Dream, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article explores the normative politics of national belonging through an analysis of the ‘China Dream’ and the ‘American Dream’. It traces how politicians and public intellectuals employ such slogans to highlight how national dreams emerge in times of crisis and involve a combination of aspirations and anxieties. It compares parallel rhetorical strategies – ‘patriotic worrying’ in China and the American Jeremiad in the US – to examine how belonging to these two nations involves a nostalgic longing for the past as a model for the future. Debates about the meaning of these national dreams highlight the tension between freedom …
The Elements Of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis, Michael Howlett, Ishani Mukherjee, Jeremy Rayner
The Elements Of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis, Michael Howlett, Ishani Mukherjee, Jeremy Rayner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Policy and program design is a major theme of contemporary policy research, aimed at improving the understanding of how the processes, methods and tools of policy-making are employed to better formulate effective policies and programs, and to understand the reasons why such designs are not forthcoming. However while many efforts have been made to evaluate policy design, less work has focused on program designs. This article sets out to fill this gap in knowledge of design practices in policy-making. It outlines the nature of the study of policy design with a particular focus on the nature of programs and the …
International Organizations As Mobilizing Structures: World Csr Associations And Their Disparate Impacts On Members’ Csr Practices, 2000-2016, Shawn Pope, Alwyn Lim
International Organizations As Mobilizing Structures: World Csr Associations And Their Disparate Impacts On Members’ Csr Practices, 2000-2016, Shawn Pope, Alwyn Lim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
International organizations are key players in globalization, but not all international organizations influence global processes in the same ways. In this paper, we argue that differences in international organizations’ mobilizing structures can shape the extent to which these organizations can positively impact the practices of their members. We present the first comparative and quantitative assessment of world corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations that comprise business participants that act collectively to address pressing social and environmental concerns. We conduct time-series panel regression analyses of a unique dataset of business participation in three core world CSR associations and test their effects on …
A Syrian In Trump’S America, Singapore Management University
A Syrian In Trump’S America, Singapore Management University
Perspectives@SMU
How a Syrian family dealt with war, travel bans, and reuniting in turbulent times
Lee Kuan Yew’S Singapore Bloomed In The Shadow Of The Cold War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Lee Kuan Yew’S Singapore Bloomed In The Shadow Of The Cold War, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This essay considers how Singapore's economic success owes a great debt to Lee Kuan Yew's Cold War diplomacy and decision to align with the US during the Vietnam War.
Vu Khoan [Vietnam, Deputy Prime Minister], Vu Khoan
Vu Khoan [Vietnam, Deputy Prime Minister], Vu Khoan
Digital Narratives of Asia
Vu Khoan, former Deputy Prime Minister for Vietnam, shares with DNA how he joined the foreign services, and then took charge of economic reform, where every assignment was a challenge that caused him to grow. He led Vietnam from political isolation to normalizing her international relations, especially with ASEAN countries. Interview and transcript in English and Vietnamese.
Going Green In Thailand: Upgrading In Global Organic Value Chains, John A. Donaldson, Joel D. Moore
Going Green In Thailand: Upgrading In Global Organic Value Chains, John A. Donaldson, Joel D. Moore
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Under what conditions are small-scale farmers able to overcome significant barriers to shift into producing organic rice? In a global context, the answers are vital. Rice – as with other staple goods – in many areas of the developing world has become dependent on chemical fertilizers, causing rapid deterioration in the natural environment. Rice grown with chemical fertilizers is less safe to consume. While the global environmental imperative justifies conversion (or in most cases, reconversion) to the production of organic (or at least safer) rice, the local impact of the overuse of chemical fertilizers is just as crucial. Chemical fertilizers …
Introduction: Understanding Central-Local Relations In China, John A. Donaldson
Introduction: Understanding Central-Local Relations In China, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
How do we understand the evolution of central-local relations in China during the reform period? This book addresses this question by focusing on eight separate issues in which the central-local relationship has been especially salient – government finance, investment control, regional development, administrative zoning, implementation, culture, social welfare and international relations. Each chapter introduces a sector and the way the center and various local governments have shared or divided power over the different periods of China’s reform era. The balance of power is gauged dynamically over time to measure the extent to which one level of government dominates, influences or …
China's Administrative Hierarchy: The Balance Of Power And Winners And Losers Within China's Levels Of Government, John A. Donaldson
China's Administrative Hierarchy: The Balance Of Power And Winners And Losers Within China's Levels Of Government, John A. Donaldson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The China that Chairman Mao Zedong ruled was primarily agrarian. Mao’s party, consistent with the ideas of Lenin on which it was partially based, pursued planned industrialization by promoting state-owned manufacturing. This endeavor involved all sectors of society in the push to catch up with the West – even to the point of imploring rural residents to smelt steel in backyard furnaces. These efforts showed some success – by 1978 manufacturing’s share of GDP had risen from the 28 percent it held in 1949. Yet even after three decades, manufacturing still represented less than half of GDP, while the country’s …
Visual International Politics At London School Of Economics, William A. Callahan
Visual International Politics At London School Of Economics, William A. Callahan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
International Relations is in the midst of a ‘visual turn’, because images play an increasingly important role in shaping international political events and our understanding of them. 'Visual International Politics’, a final- year undergraduate course at the London School of Economics, is unique because students don’t just study and critique visual media – they make their own films. The course thus has con ceptual and practical objectives and so employs pedagogies of meta- cognition and experiential learning in order to achieve those. At a conceptual level, students learn how to use a range of theoret ical and methodological approaches to …
Ajit Singh [Malyasia, Asean Secretary-General, Diplomat], Ajit Singh
Ajit Singh [Malyasia, Asean Secretary-General, Diplomat], Ajit Singh
Digital Narratives of Asia
After thirty years as a career diplomat, Malaysia's first ASEAN Secretary-General Ajit Singh, sees his five-year term as the most productive, golden years of his life. He speaks to DNA about the challenges he faced with admitting Myanmar to ASEAN, and the visionary ASEAN leadership. He also expounds on the differences in impacts of work between an ambassador and a bureaucrat.
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
The History Problem: The Politics Of War Commemoration In East Asia, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Seventy years have passed since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains embroiled in controversy with its neighbors over the war’s commemoration. Among the many points of contention between Japan, China, and South Korea are interpretations of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and compensation for foreign victims of Japanese aggression, prime ministerial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the war’s portrayal in textbooks. Collectively, these controversies have come to be called the “history problem.” But why has the problem become so intractable? Can it ever be resolved, and if so, how? To answer these questions, the author …