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Articles 91 - 120 of 473

Full-Text Articles in Political Science

A Qualitative Analysis Of The Relationship Between Cyberthreats And Democratic Backsliding, Amy I. Browning Apr 2023

A Qualitative Analysis Of The Relationship Between Cyberthreats And Democratic Backsliding, Amy I. Browning

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Interstate conflict has developed beyond conventional tactics to include the cyber realm, making cybersecurity a key component of international relations and an integral part of state defense plans. Research in international security has included the analyses of the relative success or failures of particular cyberattacks. However, the instigators behind these attacks receive comparatively little attention, leaving a gap in knowledge for when, why, and where cyberthreats are likely to emerge. Recent analysis has found that democratic institutions are likely to hinder state-sponsored cyberattack initiation. A consideration that the latest wave of global democratic backsliding could be fueling cyberthreats must be …

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The Philippines And The World: Which Country Do Filipinos Trust More And Why, Mark Gabriel Wagan Aguilar Feb 2023

The Philippines And The World: Which Country Do Filipinos Trust More And Why, Mark Gabriel Wagan Aguilar

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

Agreements between and among countries have been going on for centuries for the purpose of trade, security, employment, and peace among others, however, changes on these agreements do happen, for instance, when a new President gets elected and see a different direction for his/her country. When President Rodrigo Duterte became President of the Philippines in 2016, he have made it clear that he doesn't trust the United States of America, while expressing preference in working with China, in fact, in his 6 year term, he has never step foot on the country for an official visit, however, a new perspective …

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International Intrigue In The American Colonies, Arianna Vicinanza Feb 2023

International Intrigue In The American Colonies, Arianna Vicinanza

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

Spies have always been a subject of intrigue, nowadays we are surrounded by films, tv series, and books based on undercover business. Usually espionage is associated with WW2 or the Cold War, two periods of times in which espionage and secret agencies were essential in order to gather critical information about the enemy. Despite common belief that secret services developed one century ago, espionage and Spy Rings are as old as time. Espionage is the oldest profession in the world, kings used spies to monitor the enemy or to discover plots going around the royal court. In the American Revolution, …

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Public Diplomacy And Foreign Policy Analysis In The 21st Century: Navigating Uncertainty Through Digital Power And Influence, Amber Brittain-Hale Feb 2023

Public Diplomacy And Foreign Policy Analysis In The 21st Century: Navigating Uncertainty Through Digital Power And Influence, Amber Brittain-Hale

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

In an era defined by digital networks and geopolitical risk, public diplomacy is gaining traction for global leaders to address uncertainty. This paper investigates the use of decentralized politics in public discourse and its implications for leadership. Individual global actors have increased public diplomatic efforts as a focus due to political uncertainty, particularly since 2016. The case of Ukraine and its President Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's use of digital and public diplomacy in the conflict with Russia emphasizes the importance of looking at individual actor impacts in international relations rather than just states. The study should concentrate on how digital …

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Choices For U.S. Contributions To Nato: Stability Policing In The Age Of Multi-Domain Operations, Nathan M. Colvin Feb 2023

Choices For U.S. Contributions To Nato: Stability Policing In The Age Of Multi-Domain Operations, Nathan M. Colvin

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

The United States Army claims they are a “force out of position” and must transform for large-scale combat operations (LSCO). The current narrative toward LSCO warfighting comes at the expense of lessons hard-won over decades of small wars and stability operations. The focus on LSCO is an oversimplification of the complexity and ambiguity of the future operating environment. The Army is trading clarity of narrative at the expense of a force balanced for both LSCO and non-LSCO operations. LSCO perspective assumes a worst-case scenario of war over more likely scenarios of continuous disruptions across a spectrum of conflict, which may …

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Ddr, Cassandra Jagroop Feb 2023

Ddr, Cassandra Jagroop

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) has been a facet of post-conflict resolution since the 1980s. DDR seeks to address a wide range of issues varying from security to human rights, law, elections, and governance. One of the major issues arising from a conflict region are armed groups involved in the fighting and how to handle them. These armed groups represent the deep insecurity and lack of faith the population has in the state mechanism (Rondeau 2011, 654), thus in order to move ahead in the post-conflict situation the issue of armed groups needs to be tackled. The evolution of warfare …

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On Whose Grounds? The Legality And Morality Of Humanitarian Intervention, Paul Pepi Feb 2023

On Whose Grounds? The Legality And Morality Of Humanitarian Intervention, Paul Pepi

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

This article will be broken into four separate parts. The first section will be whether or not there were legitimate legal grounds for the humanitarian intervention broadly. The second section will explore the moral justifications of humanitarian intervention and attempt to distinguish between cases that had a legitimate moral justification for the decision to militarily invade. That being said, there are no certain immoral thresholds for a crisis to reach that immediately prompts humanitarian intervention. The crimes against humanity in Bosnia and Herzegovina paled in comparison to that of the Rwandan genocide; however, humanitarian intervention was practiced far quicker and …

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Russia-Ukrainian War 2022: Battle Of Hostomel, Arthur Borsuk Feb 2023

Russia-Ukrainian War 2022: Battle Of Hostomel, Arthur Borsuk

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation began the active phase of a full-scale invasion of the territory of sovereign Ukraine. This invasion was preceded by the recognition of the independence of the quasi-republics in the occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (located in the east of Ukraine) and the introduction of a large group of troops into their territory. The invasion began with a massive missile and air strike against critical infrastructure, military units, civilian facilities and air defense positions. At the same time, the ground troops of the Russian Federation crossed the border in all border …

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Reputation: An Analysis Of How Reputation Influenced United States Presidents In Foreign Policy, Casey Reca Feb 2023

Reputation: An Analysis Of How Reputation Influenced United States Presidents In Foreign Policy, Casey Reca

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

How did the United States president's perception of the US's reputation influence that administration's foreign policy? Using empirical evidence to demonstrate how the president's perception of the country's reputation influences that leader's foreign policy, this paper will examine the presidencies of President Jimmy Carter, President Ronald Reagan, President George W. Bush, and President Barack Obama. This paper will also investigate how these presidents attempted to build upon the American reputation. The research suggests that the perception of the US's reputation has influenced these presidents to become more insistent in their attempts to out-maneuver their predecessors. Presidents have done so through …

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Good Governance: The Path To Development, Eduardo Landaeta Feb 2023

Good Governance: The Path To Development, Eduardo Landaeta

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

This paper aims to understand to what extent good governance and effective public policies are aligned in the economic growth of a country. International assistance relies on political-economic analysis to evaluate the donations they can provide to a country. In this regard, good governance of domestic institutions is essential for the efficiency of a country, especially in affiliation with foreign aid. Therefore, a relationship avoiding dependency should be the focus in the short or medium-term.

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The Superpowers’ Competition In The Global South: A Historical Perspective, Guljannat Huseynli Feb 2023

The Superpowers’ Competition In The Global South: A Historical Perspective, Guljannat Huseynli

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

Abstract The history of superpowers' competition in the Global South is a complex and multifaceted topic involving the economic, political, and military interests of powerful nations in the developing world. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how superpowers have competed for influence in the Global South from the colonial era to the present day. The paper begins by examining the economic, cultural, and political aspects of different types of colonialism in the example of the US, USSR, and China. This focus shows how their motives have evolved over time. It then looks at the ways in which …

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Countering Russian Disinformation In Africa, Illia Snigur Feb 2023

Countering Russian Disinformation In Africa, Illia Snigur

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

Illia Snigur’s ODU Research Conference Paper on topic of Russian disinformation in Africa region. That paper briefly describes Russia's economic interests in the African region, why it is beneficial for the Russian Federation to use its soft power, and what role Wagner PMC plays in the African region.

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Transformation Of The Ideology Of Decentralization In Ukraine In The Conditions Of A Full-Scale Russian Invasion, Tetiana Lukeria Feb 2023

Transformation Of The Ideology Of Decentralization In Ukraine In The Conditions Of A Full-Scale Russian Invasion, Tetiana Lukeria

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

No abstract provided.

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Complex Global Value Chains And Economic Interdependence: A New Look At The Opportunity Costs Argument, Melle Scholten Feb 2023

Complex Global Value Chains And Economic Interdependence: A New Look At The Opportunity Costs Argument, Melle Scholten

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

The classical economic interdependence argument states that trade and investment between countries make conflict less likely, because they increase the opportunity costs of war. War means that trade and investment will dry up, to the detriment of society as a whole. The increased opportunity costs of war (vis-`a-vis peace) means war will be less likely to occur between interdependent states. Certain strands of realism have challenged this assertion. They argue that expectations that trade will decline in future can be a strong incentive for initiating conflict. Giving increasing political and economic tensions between the world’s superpowers – the USA and …

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The History Of Cold War Economic Polices: How The Panda Outlived The Bear, Daniel R. White Feb 2023

The History Of Cold War Economic Polices: How The Panda Outlived The Bear, Daniel R. White

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

The Cold War is often regarded as a political and economic struggle between capitalism and communism. Recent post-Cold War scholars have uncovered that the nations allied to either side were not as united as the conventional understanding of the subject has previously been thought. Using recent publications, this paper reports on the how the diverging interests between the Soviet Union and People’s Republic of China drove a wedge in the communist world. This led China to slowly embrace economic reforms and ties with the United States while the Soviet Union entered into a period of stagnation which ultimately led to …

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Tunisia: The Colonized Road To A Democratic Identity, Kara Broene Feb 2023

Tunisia: The Colonized Road To A Democratic Identity, Kara Broene

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

The death of one Tunisian man by self-immolation in 2010 created uprisings in 18 other Arab countries in what is known as the 2011 Arab Spring. As a result, Tunisia managed to overthrow its long-standing autocratic government and establish a democracy; it is the only nation who has managed to maintain those changes since 2011. As the first point of protest and the only success story, what makes Tunisia different from the other 18 nations? While there has been research on why Tunisia has succeeded, there is little on how Tunisia’s colonial history under France for 75 years might have …

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The Colonial Origins Of Institutions In Mauritanina, Mahfoudha Sidelemine Feb 2023

The Colonial Origins Of Institutions In Mauritanina, Mahfoudha Sidelemine

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

This paper examines and evaluates the state of development in Mauritania, a former French colony in West Africa. The drivers of (under)development that the paper focuses on are institutions. By focusing on institutions as the main factors that determine the development process of the country, I also focus on the colonial origins of institutions. Hence, in this paper, I draw on Acemoglu and colleagues’ argument on the origin of colonial origins of institutions as they identify two types of colonial institutions—Inclusive and Exclusive (Acemoglu et.al.2001). However, in this research, I argue that there is a third type of institution the …

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Nato Persistence & The Iron Law Model, Ronald Okoye Feb 2023

Nato Persistence & The Iron Law Model, Ronald Okoye

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

The centrality of NATO to the progression of the war is one of the fundamental issues in the current Russia-Ukraine conflict. Analysts generally agree that Russia's motivations for starting the conflict stem from Ukraine’s ambitions to join NATO, as Moscow sees such a move as a flagrant encroachment of Western Europe onto its territory. Special scrutiny of NATO as a regional alliance and its ongoing stability that has survived the cold war is necessary in light of the developments in Ukraine. In order to justify the scientific study of NATO's persistence, one must consider the war vis-a-vis the Ukraine-NATO issue …

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Global Security: Russia, Ukraine, And What Comes Next, Kateryna Koval, Ekaterina Kravchenko (Editor) Feb 2023

Global Security: Russia, Ukraine, And What Comes Next, Kateryna Koval, Ekaterina Kravchenko (Editor)

Graduate Research Conference (GSIS)

February 24, 2022, changed the lives of all Ukrainians. People throughout the country woke up to the sounds of bombings in the cities, and all soon knew that the full-scale war had begun. That morning Ukrainians realized that Russians could never become “brothers and sisters” again. Russia is a terrorist state that is continuing to commit war crimes. Crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity. Russia has now challenged the entire world with bombings, murder, and acts against civilians - including women and children.However, these unthinkable circumstances now allow Ukraine to change the situation together with the rest of the …

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The Role Of Black Women In The American Civil Rights Movement, Ashley Levins Jan 2023

The Role Of Black Women In The American Civil Rights Movement, Ashley Levins

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

This essay examines the role of Black women in the American Civil Rights Movement. This is achieved through a review of literature, followed by an analysis of the First Wave of Feminism, prominent Black female leaders, and the issue of erasure of Black women. Ultimately, the essay argues that Black women were the spine of the American Civil Rights Movement, despite their historical erasure.

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Assessing Spurious Correlations In Big Search Data, Jesse T. Richman, Ryan J. Roberts Jan 2023

Assessing Spurious Correlations In Big Search Data, Jesse T. Richman, Ryan J. Roberts

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Big search data offers the opportunity to identify new and potentially real-time measures and predictors of important political, geographic, social, cultural, economic, and epidemiological phenomena, measures that might serve an important role as leading indicators in forecasts and nowcasts. However, it also presents vast new risks that scientists or the public will identify meaningless and totally spurious ‘relationships’ between variables. This study is the first to quantify that risk in the context of search data. We find that spurious correlations arise at exceptionally high frequencies among probability distributions examined for random variables based upon gamma (1, 1) and Gaussian random …

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The Impact Of Climate Change On Environmental Sustainability And Human Mortality, Xingzhi Mara Chen, Andrew Sharma, Hua Liu Jan 2023

The Impact Of Climate Change On Environmental Sustainability And Human Mortality, Xingzhi Mara Chen, Andrew Sharma, Hua Liu

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Climate dictates the critical aspects of human environmental conditions. The frequency and intensity of extreme weather conditions due to human-induced climate change have alarmingly increased. Consequently, climate change directly affects environmental sustainability and human mortality in the short term and creates prolonged and complicated long-term indirect grave risks. This paper examines three-level environmental impact risks associated with climate change on human mortality. It proposes a conceptual framework for developing an empirical event-based human mortality database related to climate change and communication strategies to enhance global environmental adaptation, resilience, and sustainability.

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Evacuation Behavior Of Households Facing Compound Hurricane-Pandemic Threats, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Jennifer L. Whytlaw, Nicole Hutton, Taiwo Olanrewaju-Lasisi, Bridget Giles, Kaleen Lawsure, Joshua Behr, Rafael Diaz, George Mcleod Jan 2023

Evacuation Behavior Of Households Facing Compound Hurricane-Pandemic Threats, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Jennifer L. Whytlaw, Nicole Hutton, Taiwo Olanrewaju-Lasisi, Bridget Giles, Kaleen Lawsure, Joshua Behr, Rafael Diaz, George Mcleod

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

This study examines households' prospective evacuation behavior during a hurricane-pandemic compound threat. Data from a 2020 survey of coastal Virginia households help answer two questions: (1) What factors associated with the threat and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and hurricanes influence prospective evacuation behavior of households during a compound hurricane-pandemic event? (2) What are the equity implications for emergency management policies and practices to support evacuation and sheltering during a compound hurricane-pandemic event? Households in the sample were split between those who stated they would evacuate away from the at-risk region and who would stay. Greater household vulnerability to hurricanes …

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Conceptual Metaphor Usage In Glenn Youngkin’S 2021 Gubernatorial Campaign, Sara Rose Hotaling Jan 2023

Conceptual Metaphor Usage In Glenn Youngkin’S 2021 Gubernatorial Campaign, Sara Rose Hotaling

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

In “Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language,” Lakoff and Johnson suggest that conceptual metaphors pervade everyday language and produce the reality of our world. Conceptual metaphors act similarly within the occupational register of political campaigns in that they both support and construct a set of beliefs that become the reality of politicians, political parties, and constituents. In this language research, the conceptual metaphors employed by Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin during his 2021 gubernatorial campaign were identified, analyzed, and categorized. The corpus of this research consists of two gubernatorial debates, three campaign speeches, and one television interview. An example of conceptual metaphor …

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S-400s, Disinformation, And Anti-American Sentiment In Turkey, Russell "Alex" Korb, Saltuk Karahan, Gowri Prathap, Ekrem Kaya, Luke Palmieri, Hamdi Kavak, Richard L. Wilson (Ed.), Major Brendan Curran (Ed.) Jan 2023

S-400s, Disinformation, And Anti-American Sentiment In Turkey, Russell "Alex" Korb, Saltuk Karahan, Gowri Prathap, Ekrem Kaya, Luke Palmieri, Hamdi Kavak, Richard L. Wilson (Ed.), Major Brendan Curran (Ed.)

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

As social and political discourse in most countries becomes more polarized, anti-Americanism has risen not only in the Middle East and Latin America but also among the U.S. allies in Europe. Social media is one platform used to disseminate anti-American views in NATO countries, and its effectiveness can be magnified when mass media, public officials, and popular figures adopt these views. Disinformation, in particular, has gained recognition as a cybersecurity issue from 2016 onward, but disinformation can be manufactured domestically in addition to being part of a foreign influence campaign. In this paper, we analyze Turkish tweets using sentiment analysis …

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Assessment Of Spatio-Temporal Variations In Pm2.5 And Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport And Mortality In South Asia, Md Sariful Islam, Shimul Roy, Tanmoy Roy Tusher, Mizanur Rahman, Ryley C. Harris Jan 2023

Assessment Of Spatio-Temporal Variations In Pm2.5 And Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport And Mortality In South Asia, Md Sariful Islam, Shimul Roy, Tanmoy Roy Tusher, Mizanur Rahman, Ryley C. Harris

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with adverse impacts on ambient air quality and human mortality; the situation is especially dire in developing countries experiencing rapid industrialization and urban development. This study assessed the spatio-temporal variations of PM2.5 and its health impacts in the South Asian region. Both satellite and station-based data were used to monitor the variations in PM2.5 over time. Additionally, mortality data associated with ambient particulate matter were used to depict the overall impacts of air pollution in this region. We applied the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope trend analysis tool to investigate the …

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A Model Of Build Back Better Utilization: Long-Term Recovery Groups And Post-Disaster Housing Recovery, Eduardo Landaeta, Jesse Richman Jan 2023

A Model Of Build Back Better Utilization: Long-Term Recovery Groups And Post-Disaster Housing Recovery, Eduardo Landaeta, Jesse Richman

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Housing recovery, especially for vulnerable populations, can be a challenging process. Questions regarding whether to rebuild damaged housing and whether to restore it to its previous state or to build back better must be answered. In the United States, Long-Term Recovery Groups (LTRGs) play a crucial role in channeling assistance to vulnerable community members as they embark on housing recovery. However, the experiences of LTRGs have been understudied. To address this gap, the study utilizes interviews with a diverse range of LTRG members and develops an agent-based model following the Overview, Design concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol. The results highlight …

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Racialization And International Security, Richard W. Maass Jan 2023

Racialization And International Security, Richard W. Maass

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

Racialization—the processes that infuse social and political phenomena with racial identities and implications—is an assertion of power, a claim of purportedly inherent differences that has saturated modern diplomacy, order, and violence. Despite the field's consistent interest in power, international security studies in the United States largely omitted racial dynamics from decades of debates about international conflict and cooperation, nuclear proliferation, power transitions, unipolarity, civil wars, terrorism, international order, grand strategy, and other subjects. A new framework lays conceptual bedrock, links relevant literatures to major research agendas in international security, cultivates interdisciplinary dialogues, and charts promising paths to consider how overt …

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Thither The Russian Navy? Putin’S Navalization In A Historical Context, William Emerson Bunn Dec 2022

Thither The Russian Navy? Putin’S Navalization In A Historical Context, William Emerson Bunn

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

The Syrian operation of 2012 was the first successful employment by Russia of expeditionary warfare, narrowly defined as naval support to Russian (or Soviet) ground forces in a war away from their periphery (i.e., in a country that does not border them), from the sea. This was brought about in part by the development of two types of cruise missiles: advanced anti-ship missiles (which protects their expeditionary force from NATO naval units, enabling local sea control) and new land attack cruise missiles (similar in design and capability to the U.S. Tomahawk). In the past geographical, technological and political constraints …

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Remittance: A New Instrument For Change -- Understanding The Impact Of Remittances On Home Countries Development, Alex M. Hamed Dec 2022

Remittance: A New Instrument For Change -- Understanding The Impact Of Remittances On Home Countries Development, Alex M. Hamed

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation constructs a framework to investigate the impact of remittances on the recipient countries in the context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the European Union (EU). The framework will explore the effects of labor migration induced by bilateral labor agreements (BLAs). Such labor agreements are guided by the desire of autocratic governments to utilize their citizens to finance social contracts to sustain the authoritarian systems. The labor movements are further enhanced by accumulating social capital and remittances. The research also highlights the impact of remittances on the home country's institutional quality. It also highlights the …

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