Linguistics Commons^™

English Negative Concord, Negative Polarity, And Double Negation, Frances Kathleen Blanchette

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In Negative Concord (NC) sentences, single negative meanings are expressed by two or more negative words. English speakers that use NC also employ Double Negation (DN), where two negatives yield a logical affirmative. The same speakers also use Negative Polarity Item (NPI) constructions, where words like anything and anybody depend on a preceding negation (e.g. 'I didn't eat anything' vs. 'I ate anything'). This dissertation accounts for the distributions of NC, NPI, and DN constructions in English.

I apply the theory of NPIs in Postal (2005) and Collins and Postal (2014) to NC and DN. These authors argue that some …

Is Cue-Based Memory Retrieval 'Good-Enough'?: Agreement, Comprehension, And Implicit Prosody In Native And Bilingual Speakers Of English, Elizabeth Pratt

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation focuses on structural and prosodic effects during reading, examining their influence on agreement processing and comprehension in native English (L1) and Spanish-English bilingual (L2) speakers. I consolidate research from three distinct areas of inquiry'cognitive processing models, development of reading fluency, and L1/L2 processing strategies'and outline a cohesive and comprehensive processing model that can be applied to speakers regardless of language profile. This model is characterized by three critical components: a cognitive model of memory retrieval, a processing paradigm that outlines how resources may be deployed online, and the role of factors such as prosody in parsing decisions.

The …

Learning Functional Prepositions, John Stewart

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In first language acquisition, what does it mean for a grammatical category to have been acquired, and what are the mechanisms by which children learn functional categories in general? In the context of prepositions (Ps), if the lexical/functional divide cuts through the P category, as has been suggested in the theoretical literature, then constructivist accounts of language acquisition would predict that children develop adult-like competence with the more abstract units, functional Ps, at a slower rate compared to their acquisition of lexical Ps. Nativists instead assume that the features of functional P are made available by Universal Grammar (UG), and …

Roles Of Shifting Attention, Alternating Attention And Inhibition On Temporary Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution And Use Of Context In Younger And Older Adults, Youngmi Park

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Twenty-four younger adults (20-35 years, mean: 25.88) and thirty-four older adults (65-79 years, mean: 71.82) read sentences via a word-by-word self-paced reading paradigm. Study 1 examined how older and young adults resolve sentences containing Noun Phrase (NP) and Verb Phrase (VP)-attached Prepositional Phrases (PPs) yielding temporary syntactic ambiguity, and which cognitive factors (working memory capacity, inhibition, shifting attention, alternating attention, and cognitive processing speed) contribute to temporary syntactic ambiguity resolution.

Study 2 was designed to investigate how both age groups utilize contextual information while resolving PP-attachment, and which cognitive functions play a role in the use of referential context during …

/N/:/R/ Correspondences In Albanian Dialects: Understanding The N>R Sound Change, Katie Albany

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The Albanian language is an Indo-European language that constitutes a separate branch in the Indo-European language family. There are two major dialects, Geg and Tosk, spoken in present day Albania that are mutually intelligible. There are morpho-syntactic differences between the two dialects and shared words provide evidence for a number of sound changes applying in certain contexts in Tosk. The focus of this paper is n > r sound change in Tosk applying to the nasal /n/ in an intervocalic position followed by an unstressed vowel. The lenition rule has been prolific diachronically, but stopped applying some time between the 13 …

Pragmatics And Semantics In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Karece Lopez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study examined scalar implicature to investigate semantic bases of pragmatic language impairment in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Scalar implicatures are inferences made by listeners, whereby they strengthen the weaker meaning of a term that can be represented on a scale (Grice, 1975; Horn, 1992). Scalar terms include: some/all; or/and; numerals. These inferences depend on understanding a speaker's intent and having the cognitive skills necessary to process such information in real time. Informativeness is the value a listener places on having to derive an implicature and assumes that the listener perceives the speakers intentions. Cognitive effort includes the …

Interpretation Of Overt Pronouns In L1 And L2 Japanese: The Role Of Context, Marisa A. Nagano

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the interpretation of Japanese overt 3rd person pronouns by native (N=21) and advanced L1-English/L2-Japanese (N=20) speakers, using interpretation, reaction-time, and eye-tracking data. Previous studies have investigated L1 and L2 pronoun interpretation in null-subject languages like Spanish, Italian, and Greek, finding that L1 speakers tend to show a topic-shift effect for overt pronouns more often than L2ers (Sorace, 2011). Similar studies on Japanese, which allows null subjects but also differs greatly from these languages, have been mixed; crucially, several studies found no antecedent bias for overt pronouns by L1 speakers to begin with (Okuma, 2012; Ueno & Kehler, …

September 24, 2015: Cfp: 2016 Multidisciplinary Graduate Student Conference, Department Of English

Gleanings: Department of English Blog Archive

Call for Papers: 2016 Multidisciplinary Graduate Student Conference

Relationship Between Acoustic Measures And Speech Naturalness Ratings In Parkinson’S Disease: A Within-Speaker Approach, Marie I. Klopfenstein

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

This study investigated the acoustic basis of across-utterance, within-speaker variation in speech naturalness for four speakers with dysarthria secondary to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Speakers read sentences and produced spontaneous speech. Acoustic measures of fundamental frequency, phrase-final syllable lengthening, intensity and speech rate were obtained. A group of listeners judged speech naturalness using a nine-point Likert scale. Relationships between judgements of speech naturalness and acoustic measures were determined for individual speakers with PD. Relationships among acoustic measures also were quantified. Despite variability between speakers, measures of mean F0, intensity range, articulation rate, average syllable duration, duration of final syllables, vocalic nucleus …

Visualizing Abolition: Two Graphic Novels And A Critical Approach To Mass Incarceration For The Composition Classroom, Michael Sutcliffe

SANE journal: Sequential Art Narrative in Education

This article outlines two graphic novels and an accompanying activity designed to unpack complicated intersections between racism, poverty, and (d)evolving criminal-legal policy. Over 2 million adults are held in U.S. prison facilities, and several million more are under custodial supervision, and it has become clearly unsustainable. In the last decade, there has been a shift in media conversations about criminality, yet only a few suggest decreasing our reliance upon incarceration. In meaningfully different ways, the two novels trace the development of incarceration from its roots in slavery to its contemporary anti-democratic iteration and offer an underpublicized alternative.

Critical and community …

A Morphological Study Of The Antonymous Compounds In Chinese: How The Word Class Changes And Why, Yihan Zhou

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The majority of Chinese words are compounds. Among compounds, there is a special kind of compounds. It is made up of two antonymous morphemes. The antonymous compounds undergo functional shift. In 40% percent of the cases, the compounds have different word classes from the morphemes. The thesis investigated how the functional shift happens and why it happens.

Based on the critique of the definitions of antonymous compounds used in others’ studies, the thesis comes up with a broad definition. With the help of primary sources such as dictionaries, secondary sources, and the definition, the thesis collects 292 antonymous compounds.

The …

September 13, 2015: Ellis Series Kick-Off Event: New Discussion Forum, Department Of English

Gleanings: Department of English Blog Archive

The Department of English Anthony Ellis Scholarly Speakers Series featuring The New Discussion Forum

Tonal Alignment And Segmental Timing In English-Speaking Children, Afua Blay

Purdue Linguistic Association Symposium

Tonal alignment has been shown to be sensitive to segmental timing. This suggests that development of the former may be influenced by the latter. The developmental literature reports that English-speaking children do not attain adult-like competence in segmental timing until after age 6. While this suggests that the ability for alignment may be mastered after this age, this possibility is speculative due to paucity of data. Accordingly, the present study sought to determine whether 7- and 8-year old English-speaking children exhibit adult-like alignment and segmental timing in their speech. Seven children (ages 7 and 8) and 10 adults (ages 19 …

Providing Objective Metrics Of Team Communication Skills Via Interpersonal Coordination Mechanisms, Celine De Looze, Brian Vaughan, Finnian Kelly, Alison Kay

Conference Papers

Being able to communicate efficiently has been acknowledged as a vital skill in many different domains. In particular, team communication skills are of key importance in the operation of complex machinery such as aircrafts, maritime vessels and such other, highly-specialized, civilian or military vehicles, as well as the performance of complex tasks in the medical domain. In this paper, we propose to use prosodic accommodation and turn- taking organisation to provide objective metrics of communica- tion skills. To do this, human-factors evaluations, via a coordi- nation Demand Analysis (CDA), were used in conjunction with a dynamic model of prosodic accommodation …

Paradigms And (Semi)Predictability: Implications For Measuring Complexity Typologically, Jeffrey R. Parker

Faculty Publications

What aspects of (complex) inflectional systems make them usable for speakers?

• How do our analytic assumptions about these systems shape our assessment of their complexity and its implications for speakers?
• To what extent are different aspects of the system more/less useful for speakers

Vicarious Trauma As Applied To The Professional Sign Language Interpreter, Jami L. Macdonald

Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship

This collected research and analysis will focus on vicarious trauma as applied to the experience of the professional Sign Language interpreter. Sign Language interpreters work in a vast scope of different settings where there can be a high risk of exposure to traumatic events or content and where the staffed professionals are equipped with training and support services. Sign Language interpreters do not have access to training or support services for managing vicarious trauma, though they are widely impacted by it. The extent of impact depends on the nature of the assignment as well as the susceptibility of the interpreter. …

Test-Retest Reliability Of Independent Phonological Measures Of 2-Year-Old Speech, Katherine Wittler, Shari L. Deveney

Special Education and Communication Disorders Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

This poster discusses: Background, Research Question, Methods, Results, Conclusions, Clinical Implications, and Limitations & Future Directions.

The Phenomenology Of Second Language Acquisition: Poiesis And The Emergence Of The Multilingual Subject, Courtney E. Scarborough

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This study explores relationships between second language acquisition (SLA), poetic language, and embodied cognition and its connection to second language speakers’ linguistic self-formation, or their distinct ways of speaking and thinking. In particular, this study examines processes by which second language (L2) learners’ subjective realities are constructed and demonstrates that these processes are inherently poetic, emerging from a combination of the constraining structures of the language system and second language speakers’ phenomenological experiences. The context of the study is a poetry-making activity the researcher designed and took place in the English Department Writing Center at California State University, San Bernardino. …

Pembelajaran Kalam Berbasis Phonetic Accuracy Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Arab, Kholisin Kholisin

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This study aims to develop a teaching and learning model of kalam (conversation) based on phonetic accuracy to improve students’ Arabic speaking ability. The research was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, error analysis, and content analysis. The results of the study are as follows: there are two forms of phonetic errors in students’ pronunciation, namely segmental and suprasegmental errors; most teachers and students did not pay attention to phonetic errors in students’ speech; however, most of them considered it important to place special emphasis on phonetic elements in learning kalam; the kalam teaching materials used thus far did not specifically emphasize …

Studi Wacana Kritis, Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Dan Perspektif Emansipasi, Anang Santoso

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

The characteristics of language use in the global era include language instability, the prominence of language hybridity, discourse commodification, and technologized discourse. Language has demonstrated its role as a determining factor in hegemony, a phenomenon that Indonesian language teachers should take into consideration. Therefore, the teaching of the Indonesian language should be developed based on the principles of critical discourse analysis. Consequently, learners of Indonesian should develop critical language awareness and language sensitivity from the perspective of emancipation.

An Evaluation Of English Coursebooks For Young Learners, Veronica Listiani Diptoadi, Ruruh Mindari

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This study evaluates two English coursebooks used at Wima Kids English Course, Hip Hip Hooray and Backpack, to determine whether they fulfill the objectives of teaching English at Wima Kids and whether they are designed in accordance with the principles of Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL). It also examines the aspects in which Hip Hip Hooray can be complemented by the materials in Backpack. The instruments used in this study were the researchers themselves, equipped with Bilash’s (2009) Evaluation Checklist, and in-depth interviews with teachers who had used both coursebook series in their classes. Using the checklist, it was …

Upgrading Strategies In Disagreement Among Indonesian Efl Learners, Nurul Choyimah

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This study was aimed at finding out the patterns of relationship between English language proficiency levels and upgrading strategies in disagreement by using conversation analysis. Students taking the Seminar on Linguistics course in the School of Cultural Studies at Brawijaya University were selected as the subjects of this study. They were classified into pre-intermediate, intermediate, pre-advanced, and advanced proficiency levels. The results of the analysis show that the students performed both direct and indirect disagreement, each of which resulted in different upgrading strategies. Pre-intermediate, intermediate, and pre-advanced students predominantly used the double-negation strategy. Students at the advanced level never performed …

Kesepadanan Andung-Andung Batak Toba, Roswita Silalahi, Parlindungan Purba

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

Andung-Andung (AA) ‘lamentation’ refers to expressions of sadness caused by the death of a loved one in the Toba Batak community. Lamentation consists of poetic expressions and is predominantly recited by grieving wives to express their deepest anguish, making it difficult to translate because of its unique linguistic and cultural features. This study was conducted to document and translate AA into Indonesian using a descriptive-qualitative method. The data were collected through observation, recording, interviews, content analysis, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis technique involving linguistic anthropology to interpret meaning, combined with content analysis …

Membangun Hubungan Interpersonal Positif Melalui Kesepadanan Kalimat Tanya Dan Unsur Nonverbal Di Kelas I Sekolah Dasar, Taufina Taufina

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

Interrogative sentences are one form of verbal communication commonly used in classroom interaction. This type of sentence should be synchronized with its nonverbal elements. It is believed that verbal communication accompanied by appropriate nonverbal elements provides the basis for developing positive thinking patterns and students’ behavior, especially among first-grade primary school students. Therefore, teachers’ ability to synchronize interrogative sentences with their nonverbal elements is essential. Such a skill helps teachers enhance students’ self-confidence and enthusiasm for learning. Furthermore, it can establish positive interpersonal relationships between teachers and students. Hence, teachers, as one of the key factors determining the success of …

Efl Students’ Preferences For Corrective Feedback In Speaking Instruction Across Speaking Course Levels, Nurul Atma, Utami Widiati

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This cross-sectional survey study investigates the preferences of freshmen and sophomores for corrective feedback in speaking instruction, including their perceptions of corrective feedback, the types of errors to be corrected, the timing of correction, the sources of correction, and the types of corrective feedback. Using questionnaires and interviews to collect the data, the study found that both groups welcomed corrective feedback, acknowledged its benefits, but felt embarrassed when corrected orally. Both freshmen and sophomores wanted all of their errors to be corrected. Whereas the freshmen preferred grammatical errors to be corrected consistently, the sophomores preferred phonological errors to be prioritized. …

Oposisi Makna Dalam Bahasa Lio, Ni Made Suryati

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This study aims to describe and explain: (1) the types of antonyms in the Lio language; (2) the categories of Lio antonyms; and (3) the linguistic units that may express oppositional meanings in Lio. The study is based on semantic theory, particularly the theory of antonymic word-meaning relations. The data were collected through direct observation and interviews, supported by note-taking and audio recording techniques. The results show that: (1) there are five types of antonymic relations in Lio, namely (a) absolute opposition, (b) polar opposition, (c) relational opposition, (d) hierarchical opposition, and (e) compound opposition; (2) the lexical categories that …

Writing Learning Model Based On Écriture Automatique Method In Course Aufsatz I, M. Kharis

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This study aims to describe the process and results of implementing the Écriture Automatique writing method in the Aufsatz I course. Specifically, it presents the findings based on data collected through questionnaires. The study indicates that the Écriture Automatique method encourages students to write, stimulates their creativity, and helps them elaborate their ideas. Based on the students’ writing activities across two class meetings, the average scores ranged from 80.1 to 84.1 out of a maximum score of 100, both of which fall into the good category.

Sunan Kalijaga Dalam Novel Babad Walisongo, Wali Sanga, Dan Kisah Dakwah Wali Songo, Erlis Nur Mujiningsih, Erli Yetti

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This research aims to demonstrate that the novels Wali Sanga by Shashangka, Babad Walisongo by Yudhi AW, and Kisah Dakwah Wali Songo by Kusuma represent the crystallization of discourse interaction surrounding the Walisongo. The scope of this study is to examine how these three novels construct and represent discourse interactions across various narrative perspectives on the Walisongo. This study employs a qualitative research method. The data sources are the novels Babad Walisongo by Yudhi AW, Wali Sanga by Shashangka, and Kisah Dakwah Wali Songo by Kusuma. The data consist of words, sentences, and discourses found in the three novels. The …

Foreign Teachers With Foreign Language Accents In The Classroom: Perspectives And Reactions From High School Students, Judith Justine Knieling Daouda

Theses and Dissertations

One aspect that has been suggested to hinder teaching and learning is a foreign language accent of a teacher. Some students complain about not being able to understand their teachers and attribute their academic performance to their teachers’ foreign-accented speech. An analysis of the data from an exit survey from the senior students of a local public charter school that employs numerous foreign-born teachers who speak English non-natively explains 1. if high school students think that their academic performance is affected by their foreign teachers’ foreign language accents, and 2. what students do if they think their teachers’ foreign accents …

Why Get Lost In Translation? On The English Translations Of Wen Yiduo's Poems, Choi Yung Ng

Lingnan Theses

The debate over the translatability of poetry has been a long-standing issue for decades. Relatively few discussions, however, have focused on the concrete reasons of poetry being translatable (or untranslatable). Moving beyond traditional ways of elucidating the matter through theoretical argument, this study aims to investigate the question of poetry translation in a more solid, empirical manner by looking into linguistic and language-based aesthetic differences between Chinese and English, in particular their prosodic features and capacities. Part One seeks to answer the question “Why does poetry get lost in translation?” from a linguistic and language-based aesthetic perspective, using the English …