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Articles 511 - 540 of 696
Full-Text Articles in Linguistics
A Curriculum For General Academic Preparation, Teresa Ann Martin
A Curriculum For General Academic Preparation, Teresa Ann Martin
Theses and Dissertations
The curriculum at the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) currently has two programs: Foundations and Academic. In order for students to progress from Foundations to the Academic Program, they must pass their Level Achievement Tests (LATs), which are administered as final exams. Each semester there are students who do not pass their LATs. The question then is what should happen to these students? Should they be asked to leave the ELC, should they have to repeat the same level until they pass, or should they be promoted without passing their LATs? This project presents an alternative …
Evaluating The Usefulness Of An Aural Gapped Listening Summary As A Measure Of Academic Listening Proficiency, Sarah Elizabeth Mottaghinejad
Evaluating The Usefulness Of An Aural Gapped Listening Summary As A Measure Of Academic Listening Proficiency, Sarah Elizabeth Mottaghinejad
Theses and Dissertations
For this project I sought to find a more effective means of evaluating academic listening comprehension. This involved doing an in-depth investigation of academic listening, the constructs involved in listening comprehension, and of methods of assessing listening comprehension. It also included a study of the concept of test usefulness (Bachman and Palmer, 1996), which consists of reliability, construct validity, authenticity, interactiveness, impact, and practicality, and is used to help select the most effective methods of assessing language abilities. Based on my review of listening comprehension testing methods, I created a method of assessing academic listening comprehension, Aural Gapped Listening Summaries …
An Evaluation Of The Learning Outcomes And The Curricular Organization Of The Brigham Young University Undergraduate Tesol Internship Course, Marisa Irene Ontiveros
An Evaluation Of The Learning Outcomes And The Curricular Organization Of The Brigham Young University Undergraduate Tesol Internship Course, Marisa Irene Ontiveros
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents two research problems regarding the evaluation of the learning outcomes and the curricular organization of the TESOL minor internship course at Brigham Young University. First, the course learning outcomes have not been revisited after their initial design which demands the need for assessment. Additionally, the current curricular organization of the course does not allow for all learning outcomes to apply to students enrolled in the course, as some of the students do their internships internationally which prevents them from participating in the sessions held locally during their internship. In an effort to find solutions to these two …
Utilizing Human-Computer Interactions To Improve Text Annotation, Marc A. Carmen
Utilizing Human-Computer Interactions To Improve Text Annotation, Marc A. Carmen
Theses and Dissertations
The need for annotated corpora in a variety of different types of research grows constantly. Unfortunately creating annotated corpora is frequently cost-prohibitive due the number of person-hours required to create the corpus. This project investigates one solution that helps to reduce the cost of creating annotated corpora through the use of a new user interface which includes a specially built framework and component for annotating part-of-speech information and the implementation of a dictionary. This project reports on a user study performed to determine the effect of dictionaries with different levels of coverage on a part-of-speech annotation task. Based on a …
Specifications For The Development Of Effective Academic Vocabulary Activities In Intensive English Programs, Jared Nathan Garrett
Specifications For The Development Of Effective Academic Vocabulary Activities In Intensive English Programs, Jared Nathan Garrett
Theses and Dissertations
With the new curriculum at the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) including a program focused specifically on preparing students to succeed in academic institutions wherein the language of instruction is English, a need for a systematic approach to vocabulary instruction was identified. Specifically, the Academic Program focuses on the Academic Word List (AWL) in order to provide a broad base of words that can best prepare students for the academic world. This project followed the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) to craft a systematic approach to developing vocabulary learning activities. An analysis of existing …
Students' Perceptions Of Their Esl Training In Preparation For University Reading Tasks, Olha Kondiyenko
Students' Perceptions Of Their Esl Training In Preparation For University Reading Tasks, Olha Kondiyenko
Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to determine perceptions of former English Language Center (ELC) students of their readiness for university reading tasks after completing their ESL training. Former ELC students who now study or have studied at 10 different American post-secondary institutions provided insights for the study. Through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, the study collected and analyzed many interesting and revealing comments from participants. Their comments demonstrated that even though the majority of students overall were satisfied with their learning experiences at the ELC, some significant changes still have to be made to be able to fully meet students' educational needs. Participants …
The Development Of Two Units For Basic Training And Resources For Teaching English To Speakers Of Other Languages: "Developing A Successful Teaching Personality" And "Managing Classes Of English Language Learners", Iva Crookston
Theses and Dissertations
A team of graduate students from Brigham Young University under the supervision of the main author, Dr. Henrichsen, collaborated on creating a book as well as a website, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTR-TESOL). The entire project consists of ten main sections with nearly fifty units addressing topics that novice teachers should know before teaching English to non-native speakers. The BTR-TESOL project answers the need for material for untrained novice teachers that will help them to be better prepared in a very minimalistic way to face the challenges and responsibilities that teaching of …
Principled Construction Of Elicited Imitation Tests, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen, Ross Hendrickson
Principled Construction Of Elicited Imitation Tests, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen, Ross Hendrickson
Faculty Publications
In this paper we discuss the methodology behind the construction of elicited imitation (EI) test items. First we examine varying uses for EI tests in research and in testing overall oral proficiency. We also mention criticisms of previous test items. Then we identify the factors that contribute to the difficulty of an EI item as shown in previous studies. Based on this discussion, we describe a way of automating the creation of test items in order to better evaluate language learners’ oral proficiency while improving item naturalness. We present a new item construction tool and the process that it implements …
Epicene Pronoun Use In Modern American English, Robin Montgomery Watson
Epicene Pronoun Use In Modern American English, Robin Montgomery Watson
Theses and Dissertations
Traditional prescriptive grammar for English states that the epicene or gender neutral pronoun for third person singular use is he. Research into speaker perceptions has clearly demonstrated that he is not perceived as neutral. Research has also shown traditionally proscribed epicene pronouns such as he or she and singular they to be commonly used, despite the long-standing proscriptions against them. The author examines the endurance of such proscribed options through the lens of markedness theory, considering the impact of cultural values on speakers' epicene pronoun choices. Gender in language is also considered, as well as Kuryłowicz‘s 4th Law of …
The Relationship Of Three L2 Learning Factors With Pronunciation Proficiency: Language Aptitude, Strategy Use, And Learning Context, Naomi Ofeina Haslam
The Relationship Of Three L2 Learning Factors With Pronunciation Proficiency: Language Aptitude, Strategy Use, And Learning Context, Naomi Ofeina Haslam
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether language aptitude and the use of language strategies predict pronunciation gains in second language (L2) acquisition. A second goal was to determine whether these factors differed depending on whether learning occurred in an English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context. Eighty-six ESL students in the United States and one hundred EFL students in China were asked to take the Pimsleur language aptitude test. The top 15 or 16 and lowest 15 or 16 scorers on this test from each group were asked to …
Essential 500 Wordlist For The Foundations Program At The Brigham Young University's English Language Center, Inho Jung
Theses and Dissertations
In order to help ESL students in the Foundations Program at BYU's ELC, I have developed a 500-word list of essential English vocabulary. This list attempts to reach one of the goals of the institute's curriculum, which is to develop systematic, integrated vocabulary instruction. Published literature reveals that studying with a list in conjunction with explicit instruction can enhance L2 vocabulary learning when the instruction is systematically integrated with other skills and activities. The literature also shows the importance of learning the most frequent and essential words first, which can be found in the General Service List and the Academic …
Instructional Readers: Teaching Content Through Vocabulary, Rachel E. Wood
Instructional Readers: Teaching Content Through Vocabulary, Rachel E. Wood
Theses and Dissertations
This project resulted in the creation of a prototype for a new book series entitled Instructional Readers that will be linguistically engineered to assist English-language learners in acquiring academic and content-based vocabulary in the sciences. The development of the prototype represented a process of trial and error, with decisions firmly grounded in extensive research concerning linguistic features that assist vocabulary growth while reading. The end result, the prototype entitled Cellular Transport, reflects the author's best attempt to combine these features. The project write-up details the steps used in writing the prototype to aid in the creation of similar instructional …
The Effect Of Language Aptitude And Strategy Use On Esl And Efl Learners' Pronunciation Proficiency, Naomi Ofeina Haslam
The Effect Of Language Aptitude And Strategy Use On Esl And Efl Learners' Pronunciation Proficiency, Naomi Ofeina Haslam
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether language aptitude and the use of language strategies predict pronunciation gains in second language (L2) acquisition. A second goal was to determine whether these factors differed depending on whether learning occurred in an English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context. Eighty-six ESL students in the United States and one hundred EFL students in China were asked to take the Pimsleur language aptitude test. The top 15 or 16 and lowest 15 or 16 scorers on this test from each group were asked to …
Developing A Curriculum Evaluation Model For The English Language Center At Brigham Young University, Rie Teraoka
Developing A Curriculum Evaluation Model For The English Language Center At Brigham Young University, Rie Teraoka
Theses and Dissertations
Evaluation is an important process in any language program curriculum to determine whether the program is meeting the needs of students, teachers and others who are involved in the program. The English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) is a unique institution that functions as 1) a language school for students from different backgrounds and with various purposes of learning English and 2) as a lab school for undergraduate and graduate students studying TESOL at BYU to have practical teaching experiences. Because of these two purposes, there are constant changes to the curriculum at the ELC. Evaluation is …
The Foundations Prep Course For Low Proficiency Students At Brigham Young University's English Language Center, Jessica H. Mcgovern
The Foundations Prep Course For Low Proficiency Students At Brigham Young University's English Language Center, Jessica H. Mcgovern
Theses and Dissertations
At the beginning of each term, a handful of students who are linguistically unable to function in an English-speaking classroom appear at the doors of intensive English language programs across the globe. The English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) is no exception. In the recent past, five to twelve students have arrived each semester inadequately prepared for the lowest level class available. When placed in that level (Level One), these so-called "Level Zero" students have had trouble progressing and have also delayed the progress of the entire class. Without intervention, these students can continue to lag behind …
A Probabilistic Morphological Analyzer For Syriac, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter J. Mcclanahan, George Busby, Robbie A. Haertel, Kristian Heal, Kevin Seppi, Eric Ringger
A Probabilistic Morphological Analyzer For Syriac, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter J. Mcclanahan, George Busby, Robbie A. Haertel, Kristian Heal, Kevin Seppi, Eric Ringger
Faculty Publications
We define a probabilistic morphological analyzer using a data-driven approach for Syriac in order to facilitate the creation of an annotated corpus. Syriac is an under-resourced Semitic language for which there are no available language tools such as morphological analyzers. We introduce novel probabilistic models for segmentation, dictionary linkage, and morphological tagging and connect them in a pipeline to create a probabilistic morphological analyzer requiring only labeled data. We explore the performance of models with varying amounts of training data and find that with about 34,500 labeled tokens, we can outperform a reasonable baseline trained on over 99,000 tokens and …
Argument Constructions And Language Processing: Evidence From A Priming Experiment And Pedagogical Implications, David Eddington, Francisco Ruiz De Mendoza
Argument Constructions And Language Processing: Evidence From A Priming Experiment And Pedagogical Implications, David Eddington, Francisco Ruiz De Mendoza
Faculty Publications
The notion of argument construction is widely accepted in Cognitive Linguistics circles as a highly explanatory theoretical construct. It has recently been incorporated into the Lexical-Constructional Model (LCM; Ruiz de Mendoza and Mairal 2007, 2008), a theoretical approach to meaning construction that integrates argument constructions into a broader model that incorporates meaning dimensions traditionally dealt with in the domain of pragmatics and discourse analysis. The LCM has an argument level of description, in the form of constructional templates, which are in general equivalent to the argument constructions postulated in Goldberg’s (1995, 2006) Construction Grammar, although there are crucial differences in …
Contextualizing Corrective Feedback In L2 Writing Pedagogy, Norman W. Evans, K. James Hartshorn, Robb M. Mccollum, Mark Wolfersberger
Contextualizing Corrective Feedback In L2 Writing Pedagogy, Norman W. Evans, K. James Hartshorn, Robb M. Mccollum, Mark Wolfersberger
Faculty Publications
Although effective writing skills are vital to the success of university-level students, second language (L2) writers face unique challenges in developing these skills. This is particularly relevant to their ability to produce writing that is linguistically accurate. While many writing teachers feel a great commitment to these students, much of the research has either led to conflicting results or provided teachers with limited practical guidelines that can be utilized effectively in the classroom. This is especially true regarding written corrective feedback (WCF). Therefore, this article provides L2 writing teachers with a paradigm for understanding the WCF debate and interpreting the …
Japanese Elicited Imitation: Asr-Based Oral Proficiency Test And Optimal Item Creation, Hitokazu Matsushita, Deryle Londsdale, Dan Dewey
Japanese Elicited Imitation: Asr-Based Oral Proficiency Test And Optimal Item Creation, Hitokazu Matsushita, Deryle Londsdale, Dan Dewey
Faculty Publications
In this study we discuss the development of an optimal ASR-based grading system for an L2 oral proficiency test with a method called elicited imitation (EI). We also discuss EI test item creation from a linguistic point of view. Based on two issues found in a previous study (Matsushita & LeGare, 2010) we also investigate creation of improved language models for EI grading with speech corpus data. Finally, we examine the effectiveness of new EI items in our empirical study and suggest a method to retrieve authentic EI test items from corpus data.
Exploring Diverse Settings For Language Acquisition And Use: Comparing Study Abroad, Service Learning Abroad, And Foreign Language Housing, Rob A. Martinsen, Wendy Baker, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Cary Johnson
Exploring Diverse Settings For Language Acquisition And Use: Comparing Study Abroad, Service Learning Abroad, And Foreign Language Housing, Rob A. Martinsen, Wendy Baker, Dan Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Cary Johnson
Faculty Publications
This study compared the amount of the second language (L2) use and linguistic gains made by students in three short-term language immersion programs: (1) traditional study abroad, (2) service-oriented study abroad, and (3) foreign language (FL) housing. These were chosen because they represent three distinct program types, providing students with different ways of interacting in the target language and different types and amounts of contact with native speakers. This allowed us to evaluate relationships between study setting, language use, and language gains. Learners completed language logs detailing their use of the L2 as well as pre- and post-immersion oral tests …
Ontologies For Multilingual Extraction, Deryle W. Lonsdale, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle
Ontologies For Multilingual Extraction, Deryle W. Lonsdale, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle
Faculty Publications
In our global society, multilingual barriers sometimes prohibit and often discourage people from accessing a wider variety of goods and services. We propose multilingual extraction ontologies as an approach to resolving these issues. As envisioned, our ontologies provide a conceptual framework for a narrow domain of interest. Grounding narrow-domain ontologies linguistically enables them to map relevant utterances and text to meaningful concepts in the ontology. Our prior work includes leveraging large-scale lexicons and terminology resources for grounding and augmenting ontological content [12]. Linguistically grounding ontologies in multiple languages enables cross-language communication within the scope of the various ontologies’ domains. Technically, …
A Comparison Of Two Tools For Analyzing Linguistic Data: Logistic Regression And Decision Trees, David Eddington
A Comparison Of Two Tools For Analyzing Linguistic Data: Logistic Regression And Decision Trees, David Eddington
Faculty Publications
The present paper compares logistic regression (referred to herein as its implementation in Varbrul) with another method for analyzing linguistic data-decision trees. Comparison of the two methods demonstrates that decision trees are able to find the same sorts of generalizations as Varbrul. However, decision trees provide more coarsely-grained output compared with Varbrul’s more informative factor weights. In addition, decision trees often mistakenly overgeneralize. Nevertheless, decision trees can be used in tandem with Varbrul. Because decision trees automatically calculate interactions, they suggest interaction terms that may be considered in subsequent Varbrul analyses. Decision trees also allow continuous variables in contrast to …
Kbb: A Knowledge-Bundle Builder For Research Studies, Deryle W. Lonsdale, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Aaron Stewart, Cui Tao
Kbb: A Knowledge-Bundle Builder For Research Studies, Deryle W. Lonsdale, David W. Embley, Stephen W. Liddle, Aaron Stewart, Cui Tao
Faculty Publications
Researchers struggle to manage vast amounts of data coming from hundreds of sources in online repositories. To successfully conduct research studies, researchers need to find, retrieve, filter, extract, integrate, organize, and share information in a timely and high-precision manner. Active conceptual modeling for learning can give researchers the tools they need to perform their tasks in a more efficient, user-friendly, and computer-supported way. The idea is to create “knowledge bundles” (KBs), which are conceptual-model representations of organized information superimposed over a collection of source documents. A “knowledgebundle builder” (KBB) helps researchers develop KBs in a synergistic and incremental manner and …
A Review Of Fieldworks Language Explorer, Chris Rogers Ph.D.
A Review Of Fieldworks Language Explorer, Chris Rogers Ph.D.
Faculty Publications
One of the most important goals in language documentation is to produce reference materials as well as to create long-lasting (i.e., archivable) materials for the languages. Fieldworks Language Explorer (FLEx) 3.0 is software for organizing and analyzing linguistic data and is produced for free download by SIL International (SIL)1 . This review has three goals: to show how the current version of FLEx addresses problems in earlier versions of the program, to highlight some of the more useful features of FLEx 3.0, and to indicate how it compares to other database programs.
A Probabilistic Morphological Analyzer For Syriac, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter J. Mcclanahan, George Busby, Robbie A. Haertel, Kristian Heal, Kevin Seppi, Eric K. Ringger
A Probabilistic Morphological Analyzer For Syriac, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Peter J. Mcclanahan, George Busby, Robbie A. Haertel, Kristian Heal, Kevin Seppi, Eric K. Ringger
Faculty Publications
We define a probabilistic morphological analyzer using a data-driven approach for Syriac in order to facilitate the creation of an annotated corpus. Syriac is an under-resourced Semitic language for which there are no available language tools such as morphological analyzers. We introduce novel probabilistic models for segmentation, dictionary linkage, and morphological tagging and connect them in a pipeline to create a probabilistic morphological analyzer requiring only labeled data. We explore the performance of models with varying amounts of training data and find that with about 34,500 labeled tokens, we can outperform a reasonable baseline trained on over 99,000 tokens and …
Recovering And Updating Legacy Dictionary Data, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Dawn Bates
Recovering And Updating Legacy Dictionary Data, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Dawn Bates
Faculty Publications
Ongoing efforts to annotate and web-enable Lushootseed language resources involve displaying complex dictionary information in ways suitable for diverse users. In this paper we discuss how we have converted dictionary data from its legacy format into a best-practice, state-of-the-art XML format. We also describe how we have been able to further leverage this XML data by making it compatible with Kirrkirr, a new dictionary browser designed to display dictionary information for Australian aboriginal languages. We sketch the process in adapting the dictionary browser to make it a very workable visualization tool for Lushootseed data as well. We also explain and …
Tag Dictionaries Accelerate Manual Annotation, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Marc A. Carmen, Paul Felt, Robbie A. Haertel, Peter J. Mcclanahan, Eric K. Ringger, Kevin Seppi
Tag Dictionaries Accelerate Manual Annotation, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Marc A. Carmen, Paul Felt, Robbie A. Haertel, Peter J. Mcclanahan, Eric K. Ringger, Kevin Seppi
Faculty Publications
Expert human input can contribute in various ways to facilitate automatic annotation of natural language text. For example, a part-of-speech tagger can be trained on labeled input provided offline by experts. In addition, expert input can be solicited by way of active learning to make the most of annotator expertise. However, hiring individuals to perform manual annotation is costly both in terms of money and time. This paper reports on a user study that was performed to determine the degree of effect that a part-of-speech dictionary has on a group of subjects performing the annotation task. The user study was …
Principled Construction Of Elicited Imitation Tests, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen, Ross Hendrickson
Principled Construction Of Elicited Imitation Tests, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Carl Chritensen, Ross Hendrickson
Faculty Publications
In this paper we discuss the methodology behind the construction of elicited imitation (EI) test items. First we examine varying uses for EI tests in research and in testing overall oral proficiency. We also mention criticisms of previous test items. Then we identify the factors that contribute to the difficulty of an EI item as shown in previous studies. Based on this discussion, we describe a way of automating the creation of test items in order to better evaluate language learners’ oral proficiency while improving item naturalness. We present a new item construction tool and the process that it implements …
The Sound-Symbolic Expression Of Animacy In Amazonian Ecuador, Janis B. Nuckolls
The Sound-Symbolic Expression Of Animacy In Amazonian Ecuador, Janis B. Nuckolls
Faculty Publications
Several anthropologists of Amazonian societies in Ecuador have claimed that for Achuar [1] and Quichua speaking Runa [2,3,4] there is no fundamental distinction between humans on the one hand, and plants and animals on the other. A related observation is that Runa and Achuar people share an animistic cosmology whereby animals, plants, and even seemingly inert entities such as rocks and stones are believed to have a life force or essence with a subjectivity that can be expressed. This paper will focus on Quichua speaking Runa to seek linguistic evidence for animacy by examining the sound-symbolic properties of a class …
Topicalization In Malagasy: Effects Of Teaching Malagasy As A Topic Language, Jeremy D. Workman
Topicalization In Malagasy: Effects Of Teaching Malagasy As A Topic Language, Jeremy D. Workman
Theses and Dissertations
This study discusses teaching Malagasy as a second language. Malagasy is the native language spoken on the island of Madagascar. Traditionally, Malagasy has been taught as a language that is similar to English in the way that it uses active and passive voice constructions. However, most native-English students struggle to produce native-like utterances using non-active voice constructions in Malagasy. Recent studies have suggested that Malagasy more closely relates to Germanic V2 languages than it does to English (Pearson 2005, Hyams et al. 2006). This might explain why students taught Malagasy as an English-like language struggle. This study compares the relative …