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Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

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Full-Text Articles in Library and Information Science

Awareness And Usage Of Smartphone Applications For Information Sharing Tasks Among The Research Scholars Of Periyar University- An Analytical Study, Thenmozhi G, Gomathi Palanisamy Apr 2019

Awareness And Usage Of Smartphone Applications For Information Sharing Tasks Among The Research Scholars Of Periyar University- An Analytical Study, Thenmozhi G, Gomathi Palanisamy

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Now a day's Smartphone has been spread among the worldwide. A smartphone is a mobile phone running a complete operating system in a manner similar to a traditional computer, which offers advanced computing abilities and connectivity options. These features enable new kinds of mobile services that in turn shape the usage habits of smartphone users. This paper surveyed students’ Smartphone usage and how it affects them. It examines the role which frequent use of Smartphones plays in their studies. Questionnaires were designed and sent out to 240 respondents of the Research Scholars of various departments of Periyar University, Salem. Out …


Developing A Web-Based E-Learning Model For Library And Information Science Candidates In India, Abu Ks, Dr.Balasubramani R Apr 2019

Developing A Web-Based E-Learning Model For Library And Information Science Candidates In India, Abu Ks, Dr.Balasubramani R

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aimed at developing an e-learning platform for UGC-NET/JRF (University Grants Commission-National Eligibility Test/Junior Research Fellowship) candidates in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). At the initial stage, the content was developed according to the syllabus of UGC and, a jury of experts validated it. The Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) was used to integrate and deliver the e-content, and the portal was hosted on a separate website (http://lislearning.co.in/) to ensure remote access. The study also addressed the need for e-learning in LIS and points out the scope and directions for future research.


Authorship Trends And Collaborative Patterns On Annals Of Library And Information Studies, Abu K S, Sapna Verma Apr 2019

Authorship Trends And Collaborative Patterns On Annals Of Library And Information Studies, Abu K S, Sapna Verma

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Annals of Library and Information Studies (ALIS) is a quarterly journal, published by National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource (NISCAIR). This study aimed at analyzing the authorship trends and collaborative pattern of the 377 publications published by ALIS during the period of eleven years (2007-2017). The findings revealed that majority of the publications (246) were multi-authored and the overall degree of collaboration (DC) is 0.65. The average publication of the journal is 34 articles per year. Further, Collaborative co-efficient was applied to find out the different levels of multi-authored collaboration and finally conclusion was presented with …


Information Evaluation Behavior Among Ophthalmologists - A Study In India, Govindarajan R, Dhanavandan S Apr 2019

Information Evaluation Behavior Among Ophthalmologists - A Study In India, Govindarajan R, Dhanavandan S

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Background:

The Information Millennium unfolds loads of information in a lightning speed and leads to a knowledge-based society. Managing loads of information and applying cognitive skills to choose information that best-fit the needs become a difficult task. This paper focuses on studying how the Ophthalmologists – Eye Doctors evaluate the information.

Methodology:

The study design is cross-sectional and convenience sampling method is adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 18 PASW Statistical package was used for statistical analysis. Frequencies, percentages, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Factor Analysis, Wilcoxon signed rank test were used in the study. …


The Status Of Librarians’ Communication Skills And The Effective Factors In Public Libraries, Narges Afkhami, Masoumeh Tajafari, Mohsen Nowkarizi, Seyyed Mohsen Asghari Nekah Apr 2019

The Status Of Librarians’ Communication Skills And The Effective Factors In Public Libraries, Narges Afkhami, Masoumeh Tajafari, Mohsen Nowkarizi, Seyyed Mohsen Asghari Nekah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main aim of this survey was to assess the status of librarians' communication skills in public libraries of Mashhad, Iran. The research population included all the librarians (n = 70) employed in the public libraries. The desired sample (n=59) was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire of communication skills was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed via the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the level of the librarians’ communication skills was undesirable and that there was no significant difference between the …


An Assessment Of Educational Resources Through Eric, Core, Pdfdrive And Project Gutenberg, Rajesh Das, Uttam Kumar Hazra Mr. Apr 2019

An Assessment Of Educational Resources Through Eric, Core, Pdfdrive And Project Gutenberg, Rajesh Das, Uttam Kumar Hazra Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

There are so many databases in the world for retrieval of information from e-resources. This research paper analyses ERIC, CORE, PDF Drive and Project Gutenberg for retrieval of e-resources. Here everything was analyzed on the basis of some observation and collected data were tabulated for analysis. This paper includes brief description about ERIC, CORE, PDF Drive and Project Gutenberg and screenshots of normal search, advanced search and use of fuzzy logic. This research reflects that none of the databases under study achieved full score found that ERIC ranked the first position.


Information Literacy Among The Women Teaching Faculty Members Working In Research And Academic Institutions Affiliated By Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Dr M. Yasmin Apr 2019

Information Literacy Among The Women Teaching Faculty Members Working In Research And Academic Institutions Affiliated By Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Dr M. Yasmin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information literacy is an art of learning skills in identifying defining and the information and its needs, approaches to locate the information and the behavior in accessing and evaluating the information in order to make use of the information for the perceived need. Hence, the study aims at covering the various types of information required by the women teaching faculty members particularly, in academic and research environment, the awareness on information access techniques and tools, behavior of scientists in access and use of information-resources, the techniques need to be imparted, the impact of information literacy on improving the productivity of …


Evaluation Of 8th Semester Engineering Student’S Perception, Awareness And Behavior Towards Plagiarism In Bgs Institute Of Technology At Adi Chunachangiri University, Dr. K N Shivakumaraswamy, Shivakumar M Apr 2019

Evaluation Of 8th Semester Engineering Student’S Perception, Awareness And Behavior Towards Plagiarism In Bgs Institute Of Technology At Adi Chunachangiri University, Dr. K N Shivakumaraswamy, Shivakumar M

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The aim of this study was to assess evaluation of 8th semester engineering student’s perception, awareness and behavior towards plagiarism in BGS Institute of Technology at Adi Chunachangiri University. The used survey design in which questionnaire was used to collect data. Altogether 250 questionnaires were distributed proportionally to respondents and 218 were collected with a response rate of 87.2%. Necessary statistical techniques and methods will be used to analyze the research data. After completion of the analysis the findings will be drawn and they will be presented in the form of report. The findings revealed the engineering college students …


Examining The Factors Influencing Technology Integration In The Teaching-Learning Process: A Case Study, Ali Biranvand, Mohammad Hassan Seif Apr 2019

Examining The Factors Influencing Technology Integration In The Teaching-Learning Process: A Case Study, Ali Biranvand, Mohammad Hassan Seif

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present research aims to investigate the impact of the factors of technology-integrated attitude (TIA), computer self-efficacy (CSE), technological knowledge (TK), task-technology fit (TTF), teaching experience (TE) and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) on technology-integrated intention (TII) and provide a causal model tailored to the impact of these factors on TII in the teaching-learning process (TLP). The research is applied, and in terms of data acquisition method and data analysis, it is a descriptive, correlational research. The research was conducted among 370 high school teachers in Shiraz in 2017-2018. The questionnaire was used for the data acquisition. The path analysis method …


Information Seeking Behaviour And Risk Practices Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In South-West, Nigeria, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Apr 2019

Information Seeking Behaviour And Risk Practices Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In South-West, Nigeria, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) need to seek information on set of all-encompassing phenomenon which include information on medical and social packages, medication adherence, indicators of improvement, death and well-being among others. But more importantly, they need to seek information about risk practises to reduce the spread of this virus because they are the main reservoir of the HIV virus and main source of transmission. This work explored the common available sources of information seeking processes to PLWHA and some risk reduction topics.

The study adopted a survey research design which was conducted among PLWHA attending outpatient departments from four …


Provision Of Library And Information Service To The Visually Impaired In Ogun State, Nigeria, Glory Onoyeyan Apr 2019

Provision Of Library And Information Service To The Visually Impaired In Ogun State, Nigeria, Glory Onoyeyan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper reviewed literature to determine the information and library needs of the visually impaired and the kind of materials they utilize to satisfy their information needs. The paper also reviewed literature to determine the provision of special services by libraries for the visually impaired and the adequacy of library and information services provided. The review found that reading interests of persons with visual disabilities in Nigeria are varied just like those of sighted individuals. They receive information in alternative formats such as Braille, talking book/audio recording and large print. However, library materials are usually not available in quantities desirable …


Usage Of Grammarly – Online Grammar And Spelling Checker Tool At The Health Sciences Library, Manipal Academy Of Higher Education, Manipal: A Study, Anita Gain, Mahabaleshwara Rao, Shivananda Bhat Apr 2019

Usage Of Grammarly – Online Grammar And Spelling Checker Tool At The Health Sciences Library, Manipal Academy Of Higher Education, Manipal: A Study, Anita Gain, Mahabaleshwara Rao, Shivananda Bhat

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Accurate use of grammar and writing is an essential aspect of any writing. Today various online grammar spelling checker tools are available for improving writing quality. The popularity of these platforms is increasing among researchers and academicians every day. Aim of the present study is to know the opinion, use and satisfaction level among the users of Grammarly - online grammar and spelling checker tool subscribed by the Health Science Library, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. Structured questionnaires were distributed among the registered users of Grammarly tool at the Health Sciences Library. The study observed that almost all …


Mapping Of Research Productivity On Nanotechnology In Canada: A Scientometric Profile, Chandran Velmurugan Apr 2019

Mapping Of Research Productivity On Nanotechnology In Canada: A Scientometric Profile, Chandran Velmurugan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

A scientometric assessment of the scientific publications has been considered in this analysis by examining annual growth rate of publications, collaborative countries, and territories, preferred subject areas and research work, prolific organizations and institutions and top-ranked journals and highly productive papers etc. This paper focuses on the literature growth and development in Nanotechnology in Canada as reflected in the web of science data database. During the period between 1994 and 2014, a total 576 scientific research papers along with cited references are 34955 were published in the field in Canada. The average number of literature output were published per year …


Use Of Library Services And Facilities By Teachers Of Pre- University Colleges In Shivamogga District: A Study, Karnataka, India, Narasappa K. C, Dr.Dharani Kumar P Apr 2019

Use Of Library Services And Facilities By Teachers Of Pre- University Colleges In Shivamogga District: A Study, Karnataka, India, Narasappa K. C, Dr.Dharani Kumar P

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose of the study was effective use of library service and facilities by teachers of pre-university colleges in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. The questionnaire method was used to gather primary data from teachers. Total 70 questionnaires were distributed to the pre-university college teachers and out of that 61 questionnaires were received with filled from the teachers. The major findings of the study was that 45 (73.80%) of pre-university colleges does not have permanent librarian and it has in-charge librarians. The study result shows that 39 (63.94%) in-charge librarians’ education qualification was MA Bed. Again the study found that 32 (52.45%) …


E-Resources Are Boon For The Teaching And Research Work Of An Academic Institute: A Survey On Usage And Awareness Of E-Resources By The Nmims (Deemed University) Engineering Faculties, Mumbai, Ravi N. Bellary, Sandeep Kashinath Surve Apr 2019

E-Resources Are Boon For The Teaching And Research Work Of An Academic Institute: A Survey On Usage And Awareness Of E-Resources By The Nmims (Deemed University) Engineering Faculties, Mumbai, Ravi N. Bellary, Sandeep Kashinath Surve

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information is a nervous system for the teacher and researcher, without the information they cannot teach and generate new information in an academic institute. The information and communication technology tools have changed the mode of communication and availability of information in a digital environment. In this study, efforts have been made to study the use and awareness of e-resources by the engineering faculties of NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. The result shows that majority of the faculty members i.e. 85.71 % access e-resources for the research and learning purpose, it is also found that busy schedule in the institute …


Use Of Web-Based Library Services In Mysore City Engineering Colleges In Karnataka, India: A Study., K N. Shivakumaraswamy Apr 2019

Use Of Web-Based Library Services In Mysore City Engineering Colleges In Karnataka, India: A Study., K N. Shivakumaraswamy

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper focusses on the Use of Web-Based Library Services in Mysore City Engineering Colleges. The study covers Web-Based Reference, Acquisition, Circulation, Cataloguing, Periodical Services, ILL/Document delivery services, problems in accessing Web-based library services by users of engineering college libraries of Mysuru city. We were also consulted to design the questionnaire. A well-designed questionnaire was an issue to engineering college's students in Mysuru city. Altogether 300 questionnaires were issued personally to users of engineering college’s students of Mysuru city and 250 were collected with a response rate of 83.3%. Essential statistical techniques (SPSS) and methods will be used to examine …


Utilization Of The Digital Information Resources And Services Provided In The Engineering College Libraries In Karnataka, India: User’S Perspective, Dr. Bharathi K, Dr. Sujatha H R Apr 2019

Utilization Of The Digital Information Resources And Services Provided In The Engineering College Libraries In Karnataka, India: User’S Perspective, Dr. Bharathi K, Dr. Sujatha H R

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose - The current analytical survey investigates the utilization and effectiveness of digital libraries in 51 self-financed Engineering Colleges affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) in the State of Karnataka, India.

Design/methodology/approach - The research paper is based on survey of Final year (IV year) undergraduate students who use these digital information resources to a great extent for their project work, and faculty members have been chosen for the study. Questionnaire tool was used to gather data.

Findings - Utilization of Digital Information Resources for overall purposes is found to a large extent among respondents with mean value of …


Health Information Provision For The Vulnerable Orphans In Ogun State, Nigeria, Samuel Olu Adeyoyin, Emmanuel Olowafemi Ekundayo, Omolara Akinlade, Olasunbo Ruth Ewulo Apr 2019

Health Information Provision For The Vulnerable Orphans In Ogun State, Nigeria, Samuel Olu Adeyoyin, Emmanuel Olowafemi Ekundayo, Omolara Akinlade, Olasunbo Ruth Ewulo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This descriptive study investigated the health information provision for Orphans in Ijamido Children’s Home Orphanage, Ado-Odo Ota Local Government in Ogun State. The study sought to find out the orphans’ need for health information, their sources of health information, constraints to getting health information and their perception on availability of health information. The snowball sampling method was used to select 98 respondents for the study. The findings indicated that orphans need health information; they employed various channels such as radio, television, newspaper, church etc. to obtain health information. However, lack of access to health information, delay in getting health information, …


Libraries As Indispensable Force For Access To Information And Sustainable National Development, Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef E.B.L, Ezekiel Olugbenga Adeyi E.O.A, Ozonuwe Opene Sunday 7317673 Apr 2019

Libraries As Indispensable Force For Access To Information And Sustainable National Development, Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef E.B.L, Ezekiel Olugbenga Adeyi E.O.A, Ozonuwe Opene Sunday 7317673

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper focus on the place of the library in providing access to information resources that will facilitate the attainment of sustainable development goal SDGs. The 17 point agenda adapted by United Nation in 2019 to be attained by 2030. The concept of Sustainable Development was carefully discussed. Nigeria peculiar situation as regards SDGs was critically examined with emphasis on the agreement between Senior Special Assistant to the President on SDGs (OSSAP-SDGs) and the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), to train graduating youths to become SDGs champions in the local communities and areas of national service they are deployed …


Impact Of Smartphones On Young Generation, Mudasir Khazer Rather, Shabir Ahmad Rather Apr 2019

Impact Of Smartphones On Young Generation, Mudasir Khazer Rather, Shabir Ahmad Rather

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Smartphones are very important and wonderful communicative tools used by all age group people especially Young generation. Without smartphones, one feels incomplete and it has become the need of hour. It has brought a plethora of information resources within the palm of ones hand and has bridged the communication gap via social networking sites. People remain in touch and come to know every development in all walks of life within no time on social Media. The impact of Smartphones is visible in all areas of life including business, education, health, marketing, social life etc. But it is not out of …


Research Contribution Of Bibliometric Studies As Reflected In Web Of Science From 2013 To 2017, Dr. Jayaprakash G. Hugar, Mallikarjun M. Bachlapur Dr., Gavisiddappa A Dr Apr 2019

Research Contribution Of Bibliometric Studies As Reflected In Web Of Science From 2013 To 2017, Dr. Jayaprakash G. Hugar, Mallikarjun M. Bachlapur Dr., Gavisiddappa A Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

An attempt has been made in this paper to identify the research productivity on the bibliometircs subject published from 2013 to 2017 in the Web of Science database. 1422 research articles on bibliometrics published in various library science journals and indexed in the web of science database is considered as a basis of data for the study. In this article we made an attempt to analyze the pattern of publication of 1422 research articles. The study involved on various bibliometric components such as annual growth rate, authorship pattern, distribution of contribution by country wise, language wise, institution wise, most prolific …


Information Needs And Imformation Seeking Behaviour Of Postgraduate Students In Kwara State University, Malete.Nigeria, Ismaila Aliyu Yahaya Apr 2019

Information Needs And Imformation Seeking Behaviour Of Postgraduate Students In Kwara State University, Malete.Nigeria, Ismaila Aliyu Yahaya

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In this 21st century is information and knowledge revolution? . Many electronic resources have been made most available in the libraries. The increase in availability of information on the Internet has improved Information seeking behavior and needs of most postgraduate students around the globe. Types of information, in a large variety of formats and from many different database, are freely accessible at one place. In the present society, the types of information and the media which present them have become manifold and multifarious, offering many postgraduates students ample opportunity to make choice of selection. Regardless of the group in …


Use Of Electronic Information Resources Among Research Scholars In Alagappa University, Karaikudi: A Case Study, Lavanya A Apr 2019

Use Of Electronic Information Resources Among Research Scholars In Alagappa University, Karaikudi: A Case Study, Lavanya A

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Study analysed that use of Use of Electronic Information Resources among Research Scholars in Alagappa University. The data were collected with the help of a questionnaire designed for gathering the Research Scholars opinions about the electronic information resources. Sample survey was used as the study method. It is the most commonly used convenience random sampling method. 60.71% of the respondents belong to Female category, 28.57% of the respondents belong to the age group of 29-34, 61.90, of the respondents belong to the category of Ph.D., study 36.90% respondents belong to the using the e-resource daily, 25% respondents belong to …


Improved Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Classifier For Coronary Artery Heart Disease Prediction Among Diabetic Patients, Narasimhan B, Malathi A Dr Apr 2019

Improved Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Classifier For Coronary Artery Heart Disease Prediction Among Diabetic Patients, Narasimhan B, Malathi A Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Soft computing paves way many applications including medical informatics. Decision support system has gained a major attention that will aid medical practitioners to diagnose diseases. Diabetes mellitus is hereditary disease that might result in major heart disease. This research work aims to propose a soft computing mechanism named Improved Evolutionary Support Vector Machine classifier for CAHD risk prediction among diabetes patients. The attribute selection mechanism is attempted to build with the classifier in order to reduce the misclassification error rate of the conventional support vector machine classifier. Radial basis kernel function is employed in IESVM. IESVM classifier is evaluated through …


Web 2.0 For Reference Services: An Overview, Stanley Efe Okolo Apr 2019

Web 2.0 For Reference Services: An Overview, Stanley Efe Okolo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper examines what the concept of web 2.0 is all about and it attributes by using an acronym SLATES to explain what web 2.0 entails and they are as follows: Search: this is the ease of finding information through keyword search which makes the platform valuable Links: guides to important pieces of information. The best pages are the most frequently linked to.Authoring: the ability to create constantly updating content over a platform that is shifted from being the creation of a few to being the constantly updated, interlinked work. In Wikis, the content is iterative in the sense …


A Study On Reading Habits Among Higher Secondary School Students In Salem, Tamil Nadu India, G Sivasubramanian, Dr.P. Gomathi Apr 2019

A Study On Reading Habits Among Higher Secondary School Students In Salem, Tamil Nadu India, G Sivasubramanian, Dr.P. Gomathi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study on reading habits among higher secondary school students is a paper thought to access the use of library service and reading habits of higher secondary school students the findings from the table are differentiated into various categories and the table shows that the most of the students are very much enjoyable in reading books with fervor. therefore the study concluded that the reading habits of secondary school students should be given rapt attention because of the imminent danger of losing reading habits in the era of information & communication technology .the study recommends that there must be a …


Use Of Whatsapp Among The Users Of Chattisgarh Libraries: An Analytical Study, Payel Saha Apr 2019

Use Of Whatsapp Among The Users Of Chattisgarh Libraries: An Analytical Study, Payel Saha

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main theme of this study is to find out the use of whatsapp in Chhattisgarh libraries. For this study a structure questionnaire were distributed among the Chhattisgarh area libraries. Because in our modern life social networking sites have a great importance. There are various types of apps to connect the people regularly but most popular app is whatsapp. Through this app everybody can interact other persons with in a second. People have to time to go and visit and collect news themselves. Whatsapp connect peoples throughout the world. They can message, talk and video call easily through this app. …


Publication Output Of Journal ‘Veterinary World’ (2008-2017) : A Bibliometric Analysis, Vijayakumar P, Sivasubraminiyan G, Saraswati Rao M Apr 2019

Publication Output Of Journal ‘Veterinary World’ (2008-2017) : A Bibliometric Analysis, Vijayakumar P, Sivasubraminiyan G, Saraswati Rao M

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents a bibliometric study of the journal "Veterinary World" during the year 2008-2017. The year wise distribution of papers, authorship pattern, institution-wise distribution, length of the papers, type of the document published, international authored contributions and citation etc., of the journal have been taken for this study. The total number of documents published during the period has been 1954 and they have been pulled out from Scopus database. The highest number of publications registered in 2016 (250 articles, 12.79%) and the lowest was in 2008 (132 articles, 6.76%). The annual average growth rate of 7.32% and the highest …


The Information Behavior Of Religious Clergy In North America, Alicea Peyton Apr 2019

The Information Behavior Of Religious Clergy In North America, Alicea Peyton

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper describes the unique characteristics of the religious clergy community. It assesses the amount of information and behavior research available on this population. It provides a clear description of the main research theme(s) emerging from the review of the literature. It examines selected theory used currently as a lens to examine the religious clergy population, and gaps about this population are revealed. The theory of Library Anxiety was discussed to address a specific gap in information behavior and provide a useful lens towards new research aimed at the population of religious clergy in North America.


Green Libraries Effect To The Academic Institutions: A Special Study On Us Based Libraries, Payel Saha Apr 2019

Green Libraries Effect To The Academic Institutions: A Special Study On Us Based Libraries, Payel Saha

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The spiral concept of Green Library is captivating to the entire library professionals worldwide. This is also called sustainable library. The present paper discusses about overview of the technical development of green libraries of academic institutions in US based libraries and other developing countries i.e. UK, Canada and India. Which also focus on the workflow, features, aims and objectives, scope and limitations, betterment of green libraries and the role of librarians. The paper also focuses on the role of initiatives like UNDP, IGBC and LEED.