Library and Information Science Commons^™

Representation And Organization Of Information In The Web Space: From Marc To Xml, Jian Qin

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Representing and organizing information in libraries has a long tradition of using rules and standards. As the very first standard encoding format for bibliographic data in libraries, MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format is being joined by a large number of new formats since the late 1980s. The new formats, mostly SGML/HTML based, are actively taking a role in representing and organizing networked information resources. This article briefly describes the historical connection between MARC and the newer formats for representing information and the current development in XML applications that will benefit information/knowledge management in the new environment.

Question Answering: Cnlp At The Trec-9 Question Answering Track, Anne R. Diekema, Xiaoyong Liu, Jiangping Chen, Hudong Wang, Nancy Mccracken

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper describes a question answering system that automatically finds answers to questions in a large collection of documents. The prototype CNLP question answering system was developed for participation in the TREC-9 question answering track. The system uses a two-stage retrieval approach to answer finding based on keyword and named entity matching. Results indicate that the system ranks correct answers high (mostly rank 1), provided that an answer to the question was found. Performance figures and further analyses are included.

How Do Information And Communication Technologies Reshape Work? Evidence Form The Residential Real Estate Industry, Kevin Crowston, Steve Sawyer, Rolf Wigand, Marcel Allbritton

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

We are exploring how ICT use affects the work lives of real estate agents, the process of selling/buying houses and the overall structure of the residential real estate industry. Earlier stages of our work involved intensive field research on how real estate agents use ICT. In this paper, we report on the design and analysis of a pilot survey of 868 agents intended to investigate their ICT use more generally. Analysis of the 153 responses to this survey sheds light on how ICT use supports information control, enables process support, and helps agents to extend and maintain their social capital.

The Effects Of Market-Enabling Internet Agents On Competition And Prices, Kevin Crowston, Ian Macinnes

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The Internet offers a vision of ubiquitous electronic commerce. A particularly useful feature is the ability to automate the search for price or other information across multiple vendors by using an "agent" to retrieve relevant information. The use of agents has the potential to dramatically reduce buyers ' search costs. We develop a framework that suggests that vendors who sell products with many differentiating factors beyond price will tend to accept agents, while vendors of commodities or branded goods will tend to resist them unless they have lower costs than their competitors. Empirically, we found that agents seem to be …

Processes As Theory In Information Systems Research, Kevin Crowston

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Many researchers have searched for evidence of organizational improvements from the huge sums invested in ICT. Unfortunately, evidence for such a pay back is spotty at best (e.g., Brynjolfsson, 1994; Meyer and Gupta, 1994; Brynjolfsson and Hitt, 1998). On the other hand, at the individual level, computing and communication technologies are increasingly merging into work in ways that make it impossible to separate the two (Gasser, 1986; Zuboff, 1988; Bridges, 1995). This problem—usually referred to as the productivity paradox—is an example of a more pervasive issue—linking phenomena and theories from different levels of analysis. Organizational processes provide a bridge between …

Searching And Search Engines: When Is Current Research Going To Lead To Major Progress?, Elizabeth D. Liddy

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

For many years, users of commercial search engines have been hearing how the latest in information and computer science research is going to improve the quality of the engines they rely on for fulfilling their daily information needs. However, despite what is heard, these promises have not been fulfilled. While the Internet has dramatically increased the amount of information to which users now have access, the key issue appears to be unresolved – the results for substantive queries are not improving. However, the past need not predict the future because sophisticated advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have, in fact, …

Cross-Language Information Retrieval Using Dutch Query Translation, Anne R. Diekema, Wen-Yuan Hsiao

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper describes an elementary bilingual information retrieval experiment. The experiment takes Dutch topics to retrieve relevant English documents using Microsoft SQL Server version 7.0. In order to cross the language barrier between query and document, the researchers use query translation by means of a machine-readable dictionary. The Dutch run was void of the typical natural language processing techniques such as parsing, stemming, or part of speech tagging. A monolingual run was carried out for comparison purposes. Due to limitations in time, retrieval system, translation method, and test collection, there is only a preliminary analysis of the results.

Question Answering: Cnlp At The Trec-10 Question Answering Track, Jiangping Chen, Anne R. Diekema, Mary D. Taffet, Nancy Mccracken, Necati Ercan Ozgencil

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper describes the retrieval experiments for the main task and list task of the TREC-10 question answering track. The question answering system described automatically finds answers to questions in a large document collection. The system uses a two-stage retrieval approach to answer finding based on matching of named entities, linguistic patterns, and keywords. In answering a question, the system carries out a detailed query analysis that produces a logical query representation, an indication of the question focus, and answer clue words.

The Role Of Classification In Knowledge Representation And Discovery, Barbara H. Kwasnik

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The link between classification and knowledge is explored. Classification schemes have properties that enable the representation of entities and relationships in structures that reflect knowledge of the domain being classified. The strengths and limitations of four classificatory approaches are described in terms of their ability to reflect, discover, and create new knowledge. These approaches are hierarchies, trees, paradigms, and faceted analysis. Examples are provided of the way in which knowledge and the classification process affect each other.

Targets For Transformation: A Strategic Plan For The Syracuse University Library, 2000-2005, Roberta B. Gwilt, Martha J. Hanson, Kelley Lasher, Pamela Whiteley Mclaughlin, Lisa Moeckel, Suzanne Preate

Librarian Publications

A strategic plan is a tool that enables an organization to revitalize itself and focus on a set of mission-critical goals over a period of time. A well-crafted plan intentionally implemented and consistently monitored promotes success in strategic areas and provides a foundation for transforming services, technology, collections, and infrastructure to meet the constantly evolving needs and demands of teaching, research, and scholarly communication. A strategic plan:

• articulates commonly held values and a shared sense of purpose and mission
• proposes goals and assesses progress to those goals
• informs decision-making
• enables action within a larger context that is known and understood …

The Effects Of Linking On Genres Of Web Documents, Kevin Crowston, Marie Williams

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Documents on the Web can be composed of multiple Web pages, suggesting the need to consider how linking between pages affects a document's form. We illustrate this point by considering patterns of linking in a common genre of document, the Frequently Asked Questions file or FAQ. In a sample of 70 FAQs, we found four patterns of linking: no links, links within the page, links to pages on the same host and links to other hosts. We suggest that links that tie together document pieces simply recreate the already accepted FAQ genre, but links that provide navigation within the document …

What Academic Librarians Should Know About Creative Thinking, John Olson

Librarian Publications

Librarians need to explore their individual creativity. Creative thinking is an underutilized problem-solving skill that can be learned and applied to any situation. This article explains how librarians can understand, develop, and use their creative thinking abilities and skills in the workplace.

How To Encourage Students In A Bibliographic Instruction Session To Use Critical And Creative Thinking Skills: A Pilot Study, John Olson

Librarian Publications

This article will describe a pilot study on how applications and methods are used to help students discover and apply critical and creative thinking skills taught during a fifty-minute bibliographic instruction class. Learning these skills will help students understand how to ask questions of themselves in assessing which information sources to use for class assignments in the future.

Bringing Us Together / Getting Us Out, Peter D. Verheyen

Librarian Publications

The past five years have seen an explosion in the use of the Internet by book artists both as a tool for communication and as a means of publicizing their work. Not quite as rapidly, but steadily nevertheless some formerly traditional book artists have left the confines and limitations of hot type on damp paper to explore the creation of "books" which can only exist in digital form. In this presentation, I will explore how both book artists and the book arts represent themselves using digital media and what I see as some of the implications for the ways in …

Building And Maintaining Internet Information Services, R. David Lankes

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This study addressed the problem of Internet information services having to meet the increasing information demands of users in the dynamic Internet environment. The purpose of this research was to use K-12 digital reference services as a starting point to better understand the process of building and maintaining Internet information services. This study had three specific objectives: (1) to build and apply a conceptual framework based on complexity research, literature and the researcher's experience; (2) to use this conceptual framework to empirically describe how organizations, specifically K-12 digital reference services, build and maintain services in the dynamic Internet environment; and …

1998 Program, State University Of New York At Buffalo

Upstate New York Science Librarians Conference

No abstract provided.

Dilemmas Of Building A Sustainable Equitable Information Resource. Workshop In Political Theory And Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Charlotte Hess

Librarian Publications

From Page 1: "Because information plays a central role in environmental and CPR research, the quality, flow, and timeliness of of intellectual resources are crucial. The development agency community repeatedly stresses the intricate relationship between information access and economic development (UNDP, 1997; Mchombu, 1996; McConnell, 1996; Baranshamaje, 1995; Valantin, 1996). International information specialists write about the urgent need for local, appropriate information in locally-designed libraries which better serve local, indigenous communities (Alemna, 1996; Matare, 1997; Kuntze, 1996; Ifidon, 1990). Better accountability and communication of scientific information by researchers is also being voiced more frequently . In his keynote address at …

News Ofthe Library And The Library Associates, From Courier, Vol. Xxxii, 1997, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

Post-Standard Award Citation, 1997, for George R. Iocolano

Recent Acquisitions:

-The Lewis Carroll Collection

-Addition to the Joyce Carol Oates Papers

-African Americans in the Performing Arts: Ephemera Collected by Carl Van Vechten

-Thomas Bewick Illustrations

Library Associates Program for 1997-98

Courier, Volume Xxxii, 1997, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

Ivan Mestrovic in Syracuse, 1947-1955 / David Tatham, p. 5 -- Declaration of Independence: Mary Colum as Autobiographer / Sanford Sternlicht, p. 25 -- A Charles Jackson Diptych / John W. Crowley, p. 35 -- Of Medusae and Men: On the Life and Observations of Alfred G. Mayor / Lester D. Stephens, p. 65 -- The Wonderful Wizards Behind the Oz Wizard / Susan Wolstenholme, p. 89 -- Dreams and Expectations: The Paris Diary of Albert Brisbane, American Fourierist / Abigail Brisbane, p. 105 -- The Punctator's World: A Discursion, Part X / Gwen G. Robinson, p. 123 -- News …

Reproduced And Emergent Genres Of Communication On The World-Wide Web, Kevin Crowston, Marie Williams

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The World-Wide Web is growing quickly and being applied to many new types of communications. As a basis for studying organizational communications, Yates and Orlikowski [1, 2] proposed using genres. They defined genres as, “typified communicative actions characterized by similar substance and form and taken in response to recurrent situations” [1, p. 299]. They further suggested that communications in a new media will show both reproduction or adaptation of existing communicative genres as well as the emergence of new genres. We studied this phenomena on the World-Wide Web by examining randomly selected Web pages (100 in one sample and 1000 …

1997 Program, Syracuse University

Upstate New York Science Librarians Conference

No abstract provided.

News Of The Library And Of Library Associates, From Courier, Vol. Xxxi, 1996, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

Post-Standard Award Citation, 1996, for Mark E Weimer

Recent Acquisitions:

-Margaret Bourke-White Negatives of Olympic Athletes

-The Geography of Strabo

-Narrative ofthe Life of Frederick Douglass

-Materials from the Albert Schweitzer Center

-Albert Schweitzer: A Message for a New Millennium

Library Associates Program for 1996-97

1996 Program, Syracuse University

Upstate New York Science Librarians Conference

No abstract provided.

The Planning And Funding Of The E. S. Bird Library, John Robert Greene, Karrie Anne Baron

The Courier

Greene and Baron tell the story of how Chancellor William P. Tolley willed the E. S. Bird Library into existence.

Peaks Of Joy, Valleys Of Despair: The History Of The Syracuse University Library From 1871 To 1907, David H. Stam

The Courier

Drawing on a variety of sources, Starn presents engaging samples of life in the early days of the Syracuse University Library.

Belfer Audio Archive: Our Cultural Heritage In Sound, John Harvith

The Courier

Harvith reveals how romance led to his discovery of the Belfer Audio Laboratory and Archive, and what he found therein.

Dr-Link: A System Update For Trec-2, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Sung H. Myaeng

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The theoretical goal underlying the DR-LINK System is to represent and match documents and queries at the various linguistic levels at which human language conveys meaning. Accordingly, we have developed a modular system which processes and represents text at the lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels of language. In concert, these levels of processing permit DR-LINK to achieve a level of intelligent retrieval beyond more traditional approaches. In addition, the rich annotations to text produced by DR-LINK are replete with much of the semantics necessary for document extraction. The system was planned and developed in a modular fashion and functional …

From The Collections, From Courier, Vol. Xxviii, No. 2, Fall 1993, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

This exchange of letters between Hope Emily Allen and George Bernard Shaw of November 1924 is published here for the first time. The letters reveal Shaw's interest in the Oneida Community and the descendants' apprehensions about public exposure of their historical documents, forty-four years after the breakup of the Community.

The archives were guarded by George Wallingford Noyes, nephew ofJohn Humphrey Noyes and Community historian, until his death in 1941. Thereafter some descendants who were part of Oneida Community Ltd. destroyed most of the original manuscripts, a tragedy mitigated only by the fact that G. W. Noyes had placed, in …

Courier, Volume Xxviii, Number 2, Fall 1993, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

Foreward / Robert Fogarty, p. 3 -- Preface / Mark F. Weimer, p. 7 -- John Humphrey Noyes and Millennialism / Michael Barkun, p. 11 -- Building Perfection: The Relationship between Physical and Social Structures of the Oneida Community / Janet White, p. 23 -- Women, Family, and Utopia: The Oneida Community Experience and Its Implications for the Present / Lawrence Foster, p. 45 -- "Mingling the Sexes": The Gendered Organization of Work in the Oneida Community / Marlyn Klee-Hartzell, p. 61 -- Breaching the "Wall of Partition Between the Male and the Female": John Humphrey Noyes and Free Love …

News Of The Library And The Library Associates, From Courier, Vol. Xxviii, No. 1, Spring 1993, Syracuse University Library Associates

The Courier

POST-STANDARD AWARD CITATION, 1993 For Gwen G. Robinson : Gwen Groves Robinson, distinguished scholar-editor of the Syracuse University Library Associates Courier, you have made significant contributions to Syracuse University and to the academic world at large.

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