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Articles 541 - 570 of 704

Full-Text Articles in Library and Information Science

Information Central, David Marc Jan 2004

Information Central, David Marc

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Opening Remarks, Jay Cox Jan 2004

Opening Remarks, Jay Cox

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Certainty Categorization Model, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Noriko Kando, Victoria L. Rubin Jan 2004

Certainty Categorization Model, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Noriko Kando, Victoria L. Rubin

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

We present a theoretical framework and preliminary results for manual categorization of explicit certainty information in 32 English newspaper articles. The explicit certainty markers were identified and categorized according to the four hypothesized dimensions – perspective, focus, timeline, and level of certainty. One hundred twenty one sentences from sample news stories contained a significantly lower frequency of markers per sentence (M=0.46, SD =0.04) than 564 sentences from sample editorials (M=0.6, SD =0.23), p= 0.0056, two-tailed heteroscedastic t-test. Within each dimension, editorials had most numerous markers per sentence in high level of certainty, writer’s point of view, and future and present …

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Evaluation Of Restricted Domain Question-Answering Systems, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel, Elizabeth D. Liddy Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Restricted Domain Question-Answering Systems, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel, Elizabeth D. Liddy

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Question-Answering (QA) evaluation efforts have largely been tailored to open-domain systems. The TREC QA test collections contain newswire articles and the accompanying queries cover a wide variety of topics. While some apprehension about the limitations of restricted-domain systems is no doubt justified, the strict promotion of unlimited domain QA evaluations may have some unintended consequences. Simply applying the open domain QA evaluation paradigm to a restricted-domain system poses problems in the areas of test question development, answer key creation, and test collection construction. This paper examines the evaluation requirements of restricted domain systems. It incorporates evaluation criteria identified by users …

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Semantic Analysis For Monitoring Insider Threats, Svetlana Symonenko, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Ozgur Yilmazel, Robert Del Zoppo, Eric Brown Jan 2004

Semantic Analysis For Monitoring Insider Threats, Svetlana Symonenko, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Ozgur Yilmazel, Robert Del Zoppo, Eric Brown

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Malicious insiders’ difficult-to-detect activities pose serious threats to the intelligence community (IC) when these activities go undetected. A novel approach that integrates the results of social network analysis, role-based access monitoring, and semantic analysis of insiders ’ communications as evidence for evaluation by a risk assessor is being tested on an IC simulation. A semantic analysis, by our proven Natural Language Processing (NLP) system, of the insider’s text-based communications produces conceptual representations that are clustered and compared on the expected vs. observed scope. The determined risk level produces an input to a risk analysis algorithm that is merged with outputs …

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A Framework For Creating A Facetted Classification For Genres: Addressing Issues Of Multidimensionality, Kevin Crowston, Barbara H. Kwasnik Jan 2004

A Framework For Creating A Facetted Classification For Genres: Addressing Issues Of Multidimensionality, Kevin Crowston, Barbara H. Kwasnik

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

People recognize and use document genres as a way of identifying useful information and of participating in mutually understood communicative acts. Crowston and Kwasnik [1] discuss the possibility of improving information access in large digital collections through the identification and use of document genre metadata. They draw on the definition of genre proposed by Orlikowski and Yates [3], who describe genre as "a distinctive type of communicative action, characterized by a socially recognized communicative purpose and common aspects of form" (p. 543). Scholars in fields such as rhetoric and library science have attempted to describe and systematize the notion of …

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Effective Work Practices For Software Engineering: Free/Libre Open Source Software Development, Kevin Crowston, Hala Annabi, James Howison, Chengetai Masango Jan 2004

Effective Work Practices For Software Engineering: Free/Libre Open Source Software Development, Kevin Crowston, Hala Annabi, James Howison, Chengetai Masango

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

We review the literature on Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development and on software development, distributed work and teams more generally to develop a theoretical model to explain the performance of FLOSS teams. The proposed model is based on Hackman's [34] model of effectiveness of work teams, with coordination theory [52] and collective mind [79] to extend Hackman's model by elaborating team practices relevant to effectiveness in software development. We propose a set of propositions to guide further research.

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Organizational Cultures Of Libraries As A Strategic Resource, Michelle L. Kaarst-Brown, Scott Nicholson, Gisela M. Von Dran, Jeffrey M. Stanton Jan 2004

Organizational Cultures Of Libraries As A Strategic Resource, Michelle L. Kaarst-Brown, Scott Nicholson, Gisela M. Von Dran, Jeffrey M. Stanton

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Theorists have suggested that organizational culture is a strategic resource that has value in ensuring the continuing existence and success of organizations (Michalisin, Smith, & Kline, 1997; Barney, 1986, 1991; Hult, Ketchen, & Nichols, 2002; Gordon, 1985). This assertion is supported by various studies that have linked organizational culture to broad strategic outcomes such as an organization’s ability to manage knowledge (Davenport, Long, & Beers, 1998; Storck & Hill, 2000), innovation capability (Hauser, 1998), and strategic management of information technology (Kaarst-Brown & Robey, 1999; Reich & Benbasat, 2000; Schein, 1985). Based on this research, we suggest that there are characteristics …

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The Perils And Pitfalls Of Mining Sourceforge, James Howison, Kevin Crowston Jan 2004

The Perils And Pitfalls Of Mining Sourceforge, James Howison, Kevin Crowston

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

SourceForge provides abundant accessible data from Open Source Software development projects, making it an attractive data source for software engineering research. However it is not without theoretical peril and practical pitfalls. In this paper, we outline practical lessons gained from our spidering, parsing and analysis of SourceForge data. SourceForge can be practically difficult: projects are defunct, data from earlier systems has been dumped in and crucial data is hosted outside SourceForge, dirtying the retrieved data. These practical issues play directly into analysis: decisions made in screening projects can reduce the range of variables, skewing data and biasing correlations. SourceForge is …

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Discerning Emotions In Texts, Victoria L. Rubin, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Elizabeth D. Liddy Jan 2004

Discerning Emotions In Texts, Victoria L. Rubin, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Elizabeth D. Liddy

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

We present an empirically verified model of discernable emotions, Watson and Tellegen’s Circumplex Theory of Affect from social and personality psychology, and suggest its usefulness in NLP as a potential model for an automation of an eight-fold categorization of emotions in written English texts. We developed a data collection tool based on the model, collected 287 responses from 110 non-expert informants based on 50 emotional excerpts (min=12, max=348, average=86 words), and analyzed the inter-coder agreement per category and per strength of ratings per sub-category. The respondents achieved an average 70.7% agreement in the most commonly identified emotion categories per text. …

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The Digital Reference Research Agenda, R. David Lankes Jan 2004

The Digital Reference Research Agenda, R. David Lankes

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This article presents a research agenda for the study of digital reference. The agenda stems from a research symposium held at Harvard in August 2002. The agenda defines digital reference as "the use of human intermediation to answer questions in a digital environment." The agenda also proposes the central research question in digital reference - "How can human expertise be effectively and efficiently incorporated into information systems to answer user questions?" The definition and question are used to outline a research agenda centered on how the exploration of digital reference relates to other fields of inquiry.

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The Post-.Com Internet: Toward Regular And Objective Procedures For Internet Governance, Milton Mueller, Lee Mcknight Jan 2004

The Post-.Com Internet: Toward Regular And Objective Procedures For Internet Governance, Milton Mueller, Lee Mcknight

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper makes the case for using regular and objective procedures to assign new Internet top-level domain names (TLDs) instead of the unscheduled, irregular, discretionary and ad hoc processes and criteria currently used by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Adopting a regularized process is past due: after 5 years of existence, ICANN has yet to define a method for managing TLD additions to the root. Yet, the root of the DNS is an important international resource, and handling applications for new TLDs is one of ICANN’s most significant policy responsibilities. The paper shows that ICANN’s current …

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Context-Based Question-Answering Evaluation, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel Jan 2004

Context-Based Question-Answering Evaluation, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

In this poster, we will present the results of efforts we have undertaken to conduct evaluations of a QA system in a real world environment and to understand the nature of the dimensions on which users evaluate QA systems when given full reign to comment on whatever dimensions they deem important.

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Coordination Theory: A Ten-Year Retrospective, Kevin Crowston, Joseph Rubleske, James Howison Jan 2004

Coordination Theory: A Ten-Year Retrospective, Kevin Crowston, Joseph Rubleske, James Howison

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Since the initial publication in 1994, Coordination Theory (Malone and Crowston, 1994) has been referenced in nearly 300 journal articles, book chapters, conference papers and theses. This chapter will analyze the contribution of this body of research to determine how Coordination Theory has been used for user task analysis and modelling for HCI. Issues that will be addressed include: 1) how the theory has been applied; 2) factors that led to the success of the theory; and 3) identification of areas needing further research.

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Towards A Portfolio Of Floss Project Success Measures, Kevin Crowston, Hala Annabi, James Howison, Chengetai Masango Jan 2004

Towards A Portfolio Of Floss Project Success Measures, Kevin Crowston, Hala Annabi, James Howison, Chengetai Masango

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Project success is one of the most widely used dependent variables in information systems research. However, conventional measures of project success are difficult to apply to Free/Libre Open Source Software projects. In this paper, we present an analysis of four measures of success applied to SourceForge projects: number of members of the extended development community, project activity, bug fixing time and number of downloads. We argue that these four measures provide different insights into the collaboration and control mechanisms of the projects.

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The Knowledge Commons: Theory And Collective Action; Or Kollektive Aktionismus?, Charlotte Hess Jan 2004

The Knowledge Commons: Theory And Collective Action; Or Kollektive Aktionismus?, Charlotte Hess

Librarian Publications

Keynote address presented at the Wizards of OS 3: The Future of the Digital Commons,” An International conference held at the Berliner Congress Center, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany, 10-12 June 2004.

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2004 Program, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry Jan 2004

2004 Program, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry

Upstate New York Science Librarians Conference

No abstract provided.

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University Place, Andrea Taylor, Kate Gaetano, Sarah Khan, Tanya Fletcher, Cynthia Moritz, Amy Speach Shires, Wendy S. Loughlin, David Marc, Margaret Costello, Rachel Boll, Samantha Whitehorne Jan 2004

University Place, Andrea Taylor, Kate Gaetano, Sarah Khan, Tanya Fletcher, Cynthia Moritz, Amy Speach Shires, Wendy S. Loughlin, David Marc, Margaret Costello, Rachel Boll, Samantha Whitehorne

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Fall 2003, School Of Information Studies Oct 2003

Fall 2003, School Of Information Studies

iSchool Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Can Document-Genre Metadata Improve Information Access To Large Digital Collections., Kevin Crowston, Barbara H. Kwasnik Oct 2003

Can Document-Genre Metadata Improve Information Access To Large Digital Collections., Kevin Crowston, Barbara H. Kwasnik

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Syracuse University Library Radius Project: Development Of A Non-Destructive Playback System For Cylinder Recordings, William A. Penn, Martha J. Hanson May 2003

The Syracuse University Library Radius Project: Development Of A Non-Destructive Playback System For Cylinder Recordings, William A. Penn, Martha J. Hanson

Librarian Publications

Syracuse University Library's Belfer Audio Laboratory and Archive (Belfer) holds nearly 20,000 cylinder recordings produced during the 'cylinder era' of 1895-1929. Many cylinders have become deteriorated over the past one hundred years and cannot be played without suffering serious physical damage inflicted by the sharp styli (needles) of traditional mechanical playback machines. In some cases, even one pass of a stylus may irrevocably damage a cylinder. In response to the playback challenges of cylinder recordings, Syracuse University Library developed the Radius Project: Development of a Non-Destructive Playback System for Cylinder Recordings, funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. …

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Spring 2003, School Of Information Studies Apr 2003

Spring 2003, School Of Information Studies

iSchool Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Visual Resource Reference: Collaboration Between Digital Museums And Digital Libraries, Abby A. Goodrum Feb 2003

Visual Resource Reference: Collaboration Between Digital Museums And Digital Libraries, Abby A. Goodrum

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The Information Institute of Syracuse at Syracuse University is engaged in a project designed to build collaborative digital museum and digital library reference services. To that end, the project team is currently developing, testing, and evaluating procedures and mechanisms that will enable museums and libraries to work together in providing reference assistance over the Web to support patrons' image information needs. The user-centered project is based upon a successful model for digital reference that has been widely embraced in the digital library community. This approach is expected to yield new insight into users' image seeking behavior that will help museums …

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Question Negotiation And The Technological Environment, Joseph Janes, Joanne Silverstein Feb 2003

Question Negotiation And The Technological Environment, Joseph Janes, Joanne Silverstein

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The information world is a very different place in 2003 than it was a few years ago. It is possible, for example, to find information more quickly and easily than ever before, using new tools, and drawing on sources of information unavailable or even nonexistent not so very long ago. People seeking answers or providing them now have many more options for "question negotiation", in the broadest Tayloresque sense [1]. Consulting an information professional continues to be one of those options. In fact, such professionals can now be much more accessible via these new tools and technologies.

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Stretching Conceptual Structures In Classifications Across Languages And Cultures., Barbara H. Kwasnik, Victoria L. Rubin Jan 2003

Stretching Conceptual Structures In Classifications Across Languages And Cultures., Barbara H. Kwasnik, Victoria L. Rubin

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The authors describe the difficulties of translating classifications from a source language and culture to another language and culture. To demonstrate these problems, kinship terms and concepts from native speakers of fourteen languages were collected and analyzed to find differences between their terms and structures and those used in English. Using the representations of kinship terms in the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) and the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as examples, the authors identified the source of possible lack of mapping between the domain of kinship in the fourteen languages studied and the LCC and DDC. Finally, some preliminary suggestions …

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The Social Structure Of Open Source Software Development Teams, Kevin Crowston, James Howison Jan 2003

The Social Structure Of Open Source Software Development Teams, Kevin Crowston, James Howison

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Open Source Software development teams provide an interesting and convenient setting for studying distributed work. We begin by answering perhaps the most basic question: what is the social structure of these teams? Based on a social network analysis of interactions represented in 62,110 bug reports from 122 large and active projects, we find that some OSS teams are highly centralized, but contrary to expectation, others are not. Furthermore, we find that the level of centralization is negatively correlated with project size, suggesting that larger projects become more modular. The paper makes a further methodological contribution by identifying appropriate analysis approaches …

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Translation Events In Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Lexical Ambiguity, Lexical Holes, Vocabulary Mismatch, And Correct Translations, Anne Roel Diekema Jan 2003

Translation Events In Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Lexical Ambiguity, Lexical Holes, Vocabulary Mismatch, And Correct Translations, Anne Roel Diekema

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems enable users to formulate queries in their native language to retrieve documents in foreign languages. Because queries and documents in CLIR do not necessarily share the same language, translation is needed before matching can take place. This translation step tends to cause a reduction in the retrieval performance of CLIR as compared to monolingual information retrieval. The prevailing CLIR approach and the focus of this study is query translation. The translation of queries is inherently difficult due to the lack of a one-to-one mapping of a lexical item and its meaning, which creates lexical ambiguity. …

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What Do You Mean? Finding Answers To Complex Questions, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel, Jiangping Chen, Sarah Harwell, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Lan He Jan 2003

What Do You Mean? Finding Answers To Complex Questions, Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel, Jiangping Chen, Sarah Harwell, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Lan He

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This paper illustrates ongoing research and issues faced when dealing with real-time questions in the domain of Reusable Launch Vehicles (aerospace engineering). The question- answering system described in this paper is used in a collaborative learning environment with real users and live questions. The paper describes an analysis of these more complex questions as well as research to include the user in the question-answering process by implementing a question negotiation module based on the traditional reference interview.

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2003 Program, University At Albany, State University Of New York Jan 2003

2003 Program, University At Albany, State University Of New York

Upstate New York Science Librarians Conference

No abstract provided.

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Syracuse University Library 1973-2003, Roberta B. Gwilt Jan 2003

Syracuse University Library 1973-2003, Roberta B. Gwilt

Librarian Publications

For thirty years Syracuse University Library (SUL) has developed in tandem with NYLINK, an organization comprised of New York State Libraries that are members of OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). This article commemorates that relationship by tracing the shared history of the two organizations.

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