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Articles 91 - 120 of 421
Full-Text Articles in Leisure Studies
The Montana Expression 2016: Vacation Planning, Norma P. Nickerson
The Montana Expression 2016: Vacation Planning, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The Montana Tourism Advisory Council, Office of Tourism and Business Development, and individuals in the tourism industry are interested in learning more about visitor behavior for a Montana vacation, namely their use of Montana airports and their advanced reservations and purchasing. This “snapshot” of Montana residents and visitors highlight these behaviors.
What We Know About Crowding And Visitor Experiences, Norma P. Nickerson
What We Know About Crowding And Visitor Experiences, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
Questions and concerns have been raised about the crowding issues in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks, as well as the perception of crowding on Montana’s rivers, trails, and other public resources. Crowding, or the perception of crowding, is both an individual evaluation and a cultural conditioning not easily understood from the psychological perspective. This white paper provides a summary of crowding research to help clarify perceptions of, reactions to, and solutions for crowding in natural areas.
2016 Spartan Race Survey Kit Visitor Study, Megan Tanner Schultz
2016 Spartan Race Survey Kit Visitor Study, Megan Tanner Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the Kalispell Chamber of Commerce/Convention and Visitor Bureau to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2016 Spartan Race. Paper surveys on site were completed by 432 attendees and/or participants of the event. Results show that 49% of respondents were registered participants of the event while 51% were spectators. Residents of Montana made up 47% of the respondents and of those Montana residents, 33% were from Flathead County. Out-of-county respondents spent an average of 3.73 nights away from home. Of those nights, an average of 3.70 nights were in Montana and 1.40 nights …
Big Sky Documentary Film Festival 2016, Megan Tanner Schultz
Big Sky Documentary Film Festival 2016, Megan Tanner Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the Big Sky Documentary Film Festival to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2016 annual festival in Missoula, MT. Paper surveys were completed by 288 attendees at the event and another 146 email surveys were completed by attendees after the event concluded. Results show that 83% of respondents were residents of Montana and of those Montana residents, 88% were from Missoula County. Out-of-county respondents spent an average of 5.25 nights in Missoula and more people spent money on restaurant/bar, hotel/motel/b&b purchases, and retail while visiting the area than any other spending categories. …
Assessing Going-To-The-Sun Road Travelers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, And Perceptions Of Bicycling, Brian Battaglia, Norma P. Nickerson
Assessing Going-To-The-Sun Road Travelers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, And Perceptions Of Bicycling, Brian Battaglia, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
Visitors of the Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) are primarily scenic drivers, yet niche groups of bicyclists have a stake in sharing the GTSR. Conducting a quantitative survey assessment on the bicycling attitudes of visitors produced key findings for determining visitor support for bicycling along the GTSR. Park officials are in a position to evaluate data on bicycling attitudes for visitor management and transportation decision making along the Going-to-the-Sun Road.
Building Constituency At Yellowstone National Park: Predicting Visitor Support Now And Into The Future, Jacob Daniel Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
Building Constituency At Yellowstone National Park: Predicting Visitor Support Now And Into The Future, Jacob Daniel Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to explore how visitors support Yellowstone National Park, differences in support among groups, and the relationships between support and various behavioral and psychological concepts. An on-site and mail-back survey was conducted. Results indicate that highly salient memories lead to place attachment and are significantly related to increasing park support. High park supporters tended to be older, more experienced with the park, have geotouristic tendencies, and are generally more involved in recreational activities. Practical implications from this research show a need to engage visitors and provide experiences that are likely to lead to park support.
Understanding Park Support: Philanthropy And Other Support For Yellowstone National Park, Geoffrey G. Havens, Norma P. Nickerson
Understanding Park Support: Philanthropy And Other Support For Yellowstone National Park, Geoffrey G. Havens, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This report was conducted as one piece of a larger project on visitor support for Yellowstone National Park. Twenty-eight interviews were conducted with park non-profit supporters and repeat visitors to determine how these participants support the park and the reasons behind doing so. Additionally, other causes supported by participants were examined to place park support in a broader philanthropic context. Results revealed that beyond monetary support, activities such as sharing experiences, introducing newcomers to Yellowstone, and educating others about Yellowstone were common support activities utilized by all three groups. Repeat visitors were less likely to give monetary contributions, but otherwise …
A Comparison Of Vacationer Spending Segments, Kara Grau, Norma P. Nickerson
A Comparison Of Vacationer Spending Segments, Kara Grau, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of vacationers segmented into three groups: high-spenders, mid-range spenders, and low-spenders. This report contains information comparing the similarities and differences between these three groups of vacation travelers in Montana during 2015.
Montana Winter Fair - 2016, Megan Tanner Schultz
Montana Winter Fair - 2016, Megan Tanner Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the Montana Winter Fair to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees to the event that has been celebrating agriculture since 1946. Paper surveys were completed by 233 attendees of the event. Results show that 96% of attendees were residents of Montana and of those 19% came from outside of Fergus County. Visitors from outside of Lewistown spent an average of less than two nights in the city. More people spent money on groceries/snacks, hotel/motel, restaurant/bar, and retail goods while visiting the area than other spending categories. Respondents to the survey reported total spending of …
Comparing Bicyclists, Non-Bicyclists, And Bus Drivers In Glacier National Park, Norma P. Nickerson, Brian Battaglia
Comparing Bicyclists, Non-Bicyclists, And Bus Drivers In Glacier National Park, Norma P. Nickerson, Brian Battaglia
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This report provides a comparison of four Glacier National Park (GNP) user groups on their opinions, attitudes and knowledge of bicycling in Glacier National Park. The four user groups were summer bicyclists, summer non-bicyclists, spring bicyclists, and bus drivers in the park. Results showed significant differences in the four groups on knowledge (bus drivers most knowledgeable), on opinions of bicycling the Going-to-the-Sun Road (summer bicyclists most positive), and future use of the road (summer and spring bicyclists most likely to agree to motorist restrictions on the road).
The Importance Of Traveler Spending On Locally Produced Goods And Services, Kara Grau, Norma P. Nickerson
The Importance Of Traveler Spending On Locally Produced Goods And Services, Kara Grau, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
While a growing tourism industry is beneficial to the state, it is important that the industry grows in a way that is sustainable and desirable to the local people. One component of sustainability is the economic contribution made to the state while at the same time benefitting the local community by reducing the leakages of money. The results of this study showed that visitors who purchased ‘made in Montana’ products, items at local farmer’s markets, and who used local guides spent $184.76 more than those visitors who did not purchase those products and services. This significant difference in spending between …
Montana Folk Festival 2015, Megan Schultz
Montana Folk Festival 2015, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the non-profit Mainstreet Uptown Butte, to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2015 Montana Folk Festival. Paper surveys were completed by 371 attendees of the event. Results show that 75% of respondents were residents of Montana and of those Montana residents, 39% were from Butte-Silver Bow County. Out-of-county respondents spent an average of 2.81 nights in Butte-Silver Bow County and more people spent money on motel/hotel/b&b purchases, gasoline, and restaurant/bars while visiting the area than any other spending categories. Restaurant/bar purchases received the highest total dollars spent during the event. Respondents to …
Montana Cowboy Poetry Gathering And Western Music Rendezvous 2015, Megan Schultz
Montana Cowboy Poetry Gathering And Western Music Rendezvous 2015, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the Montana Cowboy Poetry Gathering and Western Music Rendezvous to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees to the thirtieth annual event. Paper surveys were completed by 82 attendees of the event. Results show that 65% of attendees were residents of Montana and of those 63% came from outside of Fergus County. Visitors spent an average of four nights in the Lewistown area. More people spent money on restaurant/bar, hotel/motel, and retail goods while visiting the area than other spending categories. Respondents to the survey reported total spending of $36,852 in Lewistown/Central Montana. Results provide …
The Event At Rebecca Farm 2015, Megan Schultz
The Event At Rebecca Farm 2015, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for Montana Equestrian Events, Inc. to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees to the fourteenth annual The Event at Rebecca Farm. Paper surveys were completed by 473 attendees of the event. Results show that 60% of attendees were residents of Montana and of those 29% came from outside of Flathead County. Visitors spent an average of 6.29 nights in the Flathead Valley area. More people spent money on hotel/motel, restaurant/bar, and gasoline while visiting the area than other spending categories. Respondents to the survey reported total spending of $261,020 in the Flathead Valley. Results provide …
2014 Economic Contribution Of Nonresident Travel Spending In Montana Travel Regions And Counties, Kara Grau
2014 Economic Contribution Of Nonresident Travel Spending In Montana Travel Regions And Counties, Kara Grau
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
Money spent by those traveling to and through Montana has an effect not only on the businesses where spending occurs, but it ripples throughout the state’s economy, as well. Statewide, spending by nonresidents (averaged over two years) totaled $3.79 billion. This report details the methods and results of the economic impact analyses for each of Montana’s travel regions, as well as analyses for counties in which nonresident travelers spent approximately $50 million or more.
Spartan Race 2015, Megan Schultz
Spartan Race 2015, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This study was conducted for the Kalispell Chamber of Commerce/Convention and Visitor Bureau to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2015 Spartan Race. Paper surveys on site were completed by 423 attendees and/or participants of the event. Results show that 53% of respondents were registered participants of the event while 47% were spectators. Residents of Montana made up 48% of the respondents and of those Montana residents, 39% were from Flathead County. Out-of-county respondents spent an average of 3.43 nights away from home. Of those nights, an average of 3.41 nights were in Montana and 1.30 nights …
The Montana Expression 2015: Bicycling, Norma P. Nickerson, Megan Schultz
The Montana Expression 2015: Bicycling, Norma P. Nickerson, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
8,435 residents responded to a survey about their bicycling participation, safety issues and knowledge of laws. Results showed that most residents are not familiar with Montana bicycling laws and do not feel that highways are safe places to bicycle. Forty-six percent of Montana residents 18 and over have bicycled in the past 12 months and of those, only 11 percent bicycled in the winter while 97 percent bicycled in the summer season. Most bicyclists rode within a community on a roadway (62%) followed by 48 percent who rode on a paved path. The smallest number was highway bicycling, where 12 …
2014 Nonresident Visitation, Expenditures, And Economic Impact Estimates: Estimates By Full Year, Quarters, Trip Purposes, And International Visitors., Kara Grau
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
A collection of 2014 full year and quarterly estimates of nonresident visitation, expenditures by nonresident travelers, and economic impact estimates, including expenditures by purpose of trip, airport of arrival, and international visitors.
Abundance, Density, And Opinions About Columbian Black-Tailed Deer, Whidbey Island, Washington, Robert P. Wingard
Abundance, Density, And Opinions About Columbian Black-Tailed Deer, Whidbey Island, Washington, Robert P. Wingard
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Obtaining reliable knowledge is the first step towards properly managing wildlife species. Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) on Whidbey Island, Washington have not been the subject of study, and little is known about the population, or the opinion of resident’s of Whidbey Island towards the deer population. However, wildlife managers suggest deer on the island may be overabundant or over social carrying capacity. Given the lack of empirical knowledge about the deer population or human opinions towards deer on Whidbey Island, I designed research to determine the abundance and density of Columbian black-tailed deer on Whidbey Island, …
Tourism And Recreation Trends And Outlook: Montana's Varied Traveler - A Look Into Quarterly Differences, Norma P. Nickerson, Megan Schultz
Tourism And Recreation Trends And Outlook: Montana's Varied Traveler - A Look Into Quarterly Differences, Norma P. Nickerson, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This report shows a Montana tourism and recreation outlook for 2015 and a review of 2014 data.
The Economic Review Of The Travel Industry In Montana: 2014 Biennial Edition, Kara Grau, Jake Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
The Economic Review Of The Travel Industry In Montana: 2014 Biennial Edition, Kara Grau, Jake Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This review provides current and historical data of nonresident travel and tourism in Montana, and offers the industry's economic contributions to the state.
Preliminary 2014 Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditures And Economic Contribution, Kara Grau
Preliminary 2014 Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditures And Economic Contribution, Kara Grau
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
This report shows the 2014 preliminary economic contributions, expenditures, and average daily spending of nonresident visitors to Montana.
Montana Dragon Boat Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Montana Dragon Boat Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the Montana Dragon Boat Festival with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent by those surveyed in the event area. The population of interest was participants and attendees of the 2014 Montana Dragon Boat Festival.
An Ri Ra Montana Irish Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
An Ri Ra Montana Irish Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the An Ri Ra Montana Irish Festival with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent by those surveyed in the event area. The population of interest was participants and attendees of the 2014 An Ri Ra Montana Irish Festival.
Mountain Madness Airshow: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Mountain Madness Airshow: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the Mountain Madness Airshow with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent by those surveyed in the event area. The population of interest was participants and attendees of the 2014 Mountain Madness Airshow.
Comparison Of Mt Visitor's And Mt Resident's Use Of Downtowns, Norma P. Nickerson
Comparison Of Mt Visitor's And Mt Resident's Use Of Downtowns, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
An on line survey found that only 5 o f 47 downtown questions were significantly different between MT residents and visitors.
Evel Knievel Days: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Evel Knievel Days: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the Evel Knievel Days with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent in Butte during the event. The population of interest was participants and attendees of the 2014 Evel Knievel Days.
Visitor Support For Yellowstone National Park, Jacob Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
Visitor Support For Yellowstone National Park, Jacob Jorgenson, Norma P. Nickerson
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study is to assess the level of park support visitors have towards Yellowstone National Park. Because of budgetary cuts for public lands in the U.S., new methods and techniques are being explored to support management goals. Methods consisted of an online survey sent to four visitor groups: Yellowstone Association members, Yellowstone Park Foundation contributors and Facebook friends, Xanterra Parks and Resorts email listings, and the ITRR Panel. Results indicate a moderate level of support among all users, with joint members of the Yellowstone Association and Yellowstone Park Foundation showing the strongest support. Cognitive and behavioral influences …
Montana Folk Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Montana Folk Festival: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the Montana Folk Festival with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent by those surveyed in Butte during the event. The population of interest was attendees of the 2014 Montana Folk Festival and the sample was random from that population. Surveys were given to festival goers by random selection so as to attempt to represent the whole population.
Sanders County Yard Sale: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Sanders County Yard Sale: 2014, Brian Battaglia, Megan Schultz
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
The purpose of this study was to provide the organizers of the Sanders County Yard Sale with an understanding of their attendees and the total money spent by those surveyed in the area. The population of interest was participants and attendees of the 2014 Sanders County Yard Sale.