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Articles 181 - 210 of 294
Full-Text Articles in Forensic Science and Technology
Investigating Modern Communication Technologies: The Effect Of Internet-Based Communication Technologies On The Investigation Process, Matthew Simon, Jill Slay
Investigating Modern Communication Technologies: The Effect Of Internet-Based Communication Technologies On The Investigation Process, Matthew Simon, Jill Slay
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Communication technologies are commonplace in modern society. For many years there were only a handful of communication technologies provided by large companies, namely the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and mobile telephony; these can be referred to as traditional communication technologies. Over the lifetime of traditional communication technologies has been little technological evolution and as such, law enforcement developed sound methods for investigating targets using them. With the advent of communication technologies that use the Internet – Internet-based or contemporary communication technologies – law enforcement are faced with many challenges. This paper discusses these challenges and their potential impact. It …
Table Of Contents
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
No abstract provided.
A Survey Of Contemporary Enterprise Storage Technologies From A Digital Forensics Perspective, Gregory H. Carlton, Joseph Matsumoto
A Survey Of Contemporary Enterprise Storage Technologies From A Digital Forensics Perspective, Gregory H. Carlton, Joseph Matsumoto
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
As the proliferation of digital computational systems continue to expand, increasingly complex technologies emerge, including those regarding large, enterprise-wide, information storage and retrieval systems. Within this study, we examine four contemporary enterprise storage technologies. Our examination of these technologies is presented with an overview of the technological features of each offering and then followed with a discussion of the impact of these technologies on digital forensics methods, particularly regarding forensic data acquisition. We offer a general opinion concerning a recommended data acquisition method when faced with the task of obtaining a forensic image of data contained within these technologies, we …
Legal Issues Regarding Digital Forensic Examiners Third Party Consent To Search, Thomas Lonardo, Doug White, Tricia P. Martland, Alan Rea
Legal Issues Regarding Digital Forensic Examiners Third Party Consent To Search, Thomas Lonardo, Doug White, Tricia P. Martland, Alan Rea
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
This paper focuses on Federal law as it relates to consent to search relating to Fourth Amendment privacy in the practice of Digital Forensics. In particular, Digital Examiners should be aware of how decisions in Federal Court may impact their ability to acquire evidence in both civil and criminal settings. Digital Forensics, being a relatively new field, is particularly subject to change as cases and appeals are decided. This paper provides an overview of relevant case law relating to issues in Digital Forensics. More importantly, our research provides Digital Forensic Examiners (DFE), as defined by Lonardo, White, and Rea (2008, …
Exploring The Iphone Backup Made By Itunes, Mario Piccinelli, Paolo Gubian
Exploring The Iphone Backup Made By Itunes, Mario Piccinelli, Paolo Gubian
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Apple’s™ iPhone™ is one of the widest selling mobile on the market, thanks to its simple and user-friendly interface and ever growing pool of available high quality applications for both personal and business use. The increasing use of the iPhone leads forensics practitioners towards the need for tools to access and analyze the information stored in the device. This research aims at describing the process to forensically analyze a logical backup of an iPhone made by the Apple iTunes™ utility, understanding the backup’s structure, and creating a simple tool to automate the process of decoding and analyzing the data. In …
A Case Study In Forensic Analysis Of Control, Fred Cohen
A Case Study In Forensic Analysis Of Control, Fred Cohen
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
This paper describes a case study in which a method for forensic analysis of control was applied to resolve probative technical issues in a legal action. It describes one instance in which the analysis was successfully applied without challenge, addresses the details of most of the different facets of the analysis method, and demonstrates how such analysis provides a systematic approach to using technical methods to address legal issues as a case study.
Extraction Of Electronic Evidence From Voip: Forensic Analysis Of A Virtual Hard Disk Vs Ram, David Irwin, Jill Slay, Arek Dadej, Malcolm Shore
Extraction Of Electronic Evidence From Voip: Forensic Analysis Of A Virtual Hard Disk Vs Ram, David Irwin, Jill Slay, Arek Dadej, Malcolm Shore
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The popularity of Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) is increasing as the cost savings and ease of use is realised by a wide range of home and corporate users. However, the technology is also attractive to criminals. This is because VoIP is a global telephony service, in which it is difficult to verify the user’s identification. The security of placing such calls may also be appealing to criminals, as many implementations use strong encryption to secure both the voice payload as well as to control messages making monitoring such VoIP calls difficult since conventional methods such as wire-tapping is …
Table Of Contents
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Ios Forensic Analysis: For Iphone, Ipad And Ipod Touch, Christopher Schulte
Book Review: Ios Forensic Analysis: For Iphone, Ipad And Ipod Touch, Christopher Schulte
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
As Digital Forensics practitioners, we know that our discipline is constantly evolving. Keeping abreast means we need to continually refine and broaden our knowledge pools through experience, education, research, peer exchange, and more. Mobile device forensics can be especially dynamic and challenging. With multiple standards in place at the hardware, operating system, and user interface levels, it can be daunting to preserve, analyze, search and report on these tiny yet ubiquitous hand-held computers. Apple Computer’s line of mobile products (iOS devices - iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch) is no exception to this rule.
Column: Every Last Byte, Simson Garfinkel
Column: Every Last Byte, Simson Garfinkel
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Inheritance powder is the name that was given to poisons, especially arsenic, that were commonly used in the 17th and early 18th centuries to hasten the death of the elderly. For most of the 17th century, arsenic was deadly but undetectable, making it nearly impossible to prove that someone had been poisoned. The first arsenic test produced a gas—hardly something that a scientist could show to a judge. Faced with a growing epidemic of poisonings, doctors and chemists spent decades searching for something better
Technology Corner: Brute Force Password Generation -- Basic Iterative And Recursive Algorithms, Nick V. Flor, Haile Shannon
Technology Corner: Brute Force Password Generation -- Basic Iterative And Recursive Algorithms, Nick V. Flor, Haile Shannon
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Most information systems are secured at minimum by some form of password protection. For various reasons a password may be unavailable, requiring some form of password recovery procedure. One such procedure is software-based automated password recovery, where a program attempts to log into a system by repeatedly trying different password combinations. At the core of such software is a password generator. This article describes the basic iterative and recursive algorithms for generating all possible passwords of a given length, which is commonly referred to as brute-force password generation. The paper ends with a discussion of alternative password recovery procedures one …
Higate (High Grade Anti-Tamper Equipment) Prototype And Application To E-Discovery, Yui Sakurai, Yuki Ashino, Tetsutaro Uehara, Hiroshi Yoshiura, Ryoichi Sasaki
Higate (High Grade Anti-Tamper Equipment) Prototype And Application To E-Discovery, Yui Sakurai, Yuki Ashino, Tetsutaro Uehara, Hiroshi Yoshiura, Ryoichi Sasaki
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
These days, most data is digitized and processed in various ways by computers. In the past, computer owners were free to process data as desired and to observe the inputted data as well as the interim results. However, the unrestricted processing of data and accessing of interim results even by computer users is associated with an increasing number of adverse events. These adverse events often occur when sensitive data such as personal or confidential business information must be handled by two or more parties, such as in the case of e-Discovery, used in legal proceedings, or epidemiologic studies. To solve …
Trust Account Fraud And Effective Information Security Management, Sameera Mubarak
Trust Account Fraud And Effective Information Security Management, Sameera Mubarak
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The integrity of lawyers’ trust accounts has come under scrutiny in the last few years. There are strong possibilities of information technology security breaches happening within the firms, either accidental or deliberate. The damage caused by these security breaches could be extreme. For example, a trust account fund in an Australian law firm was misused in a security breach in which Telstra charged A$50,000 for phone usage, mainly for ISD calls to Hong Kong. Our study involved interviewing principals of ten law companies to find out solicitors’ attitudes to computer security and the possibility of breaches of their trust accounts. …
Forensic Analysis Of The Windows 7 Registry, Khawla A. Alghafli, Andrew Jones, Thomas A. Martin
Forensic Analysis Of The Windows 7 Registry, Khawla A. Alghafli, Andrew Jones, Thomas A. Martin
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The recovery of digital evidence of crimes from storage media is an increasingly time consuming process as the capacity of the storage media is in a state of constant growth. It is also a difficult and complex task for the forensic investigator to analyse all of the locations in the storage media. These two factors, when combined, may result in a delay in bringing a case to court. The concept of this paper is to start the initial forensic analysis of the storage media in locations that are most likely to contain digital evidence, the Windows Registry. Consequently, the forensic …
Reeling In Big Phish With A Deep Md5 Net, Brad Wardman, Gary Warner, Heather Mccalley, Sarah Turner, Anthony Skjellum
Reeling In Big Phish With A Deep Md5 Net, Brad Wardman, Gary Warner, Heather Mccalley, Sarah Turner, Anthony Skjellum
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Phishing continues to grow as phishers discover new exploits and attack vectors for hosting malicious content; the traditional response using takedowns and blacklists does not appear to impede phishers significantly. A handful of law enforcement projects — for example the FBI's Digital PhishNet and the Internet Crime and Complaint Center (ic3.gov) — have demonstrated that they can collect phishing data in substantial volumes, but these collections have not yet resulted in a significant decline in criminal phishing activity. In this paper, a new system is demonstrated for prioritizing investigative resources to help reduce the time and effort expended examining this …
The 2009 Analysis Of Information Remaining On Disks Offered For Sale On The Second Hand Market, Andy Jones, Craig Valli, Glenn S. Dardick, Iain Sutherland, G. Dabibi, Gareth Davies
The 2009 Analysis Of Information Remaining On Disks Offered For Sale On The Second Hand Market, Andy Jones, Craig Valli, Glenn S. Dardick, Iain Sutherland, G. Dabibi, Gareth Davies
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The ever increasing use and reliance upon computers in both the public and private sector has led to enormous numbers of computers being disposed of at the end of their useful life within an organisation. As the cost of computers has dropped, their use in the home has also continued to increase. In most organisations, computers have a relatively short life and are replaced on a regular basis with the result that, if not properly cleansed of data, they are released into the public domain containing data that can be relatively up to date. This problem is exacerbated by the …
Computer Forensics For Graduate Accountants: A Motivational Curriculum Design Approach, Grover S. Kearns
Computer Forensics For Graduate Accountants: A Motivational Curriculum Design Approach, Grover S. Kearns
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Computer forensics involves the investigation of digital sources to acquire evidence that can be used in a court of law. It can also be used to identify and respond to threats to hosts and systems. Accountants use computer forensics to investigate computer crime or misuse, theft of trade secrets, theft of or destruction of intellectual property, and fraud. Education of accountants to use forensic tools is a goal of the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants). Accounting students, however, may not view information technology as vital to their career paths and need motivation to acquire forensic knowledge and skills. …
Table Of Contents
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
No abstract provided.
Computer Forensic Functions Testing: Media Preparation, Write Protection And Verification, Yinghua Guo, Jill Slay
Computer Forensic Functions Testing: Media Preparation, Write Protection And Verification, Yinghua Guo, Jill Slay
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The growth in the computer forensic field has created a demand for new software (or increased functionality to existing software) and a means to verify that this software is truly forensic i.e. capable of meeting the requirements of the trier of fact. In this work, we review our previous work---a function oriented testing framework for validation and verification of computer forensic tools. This framework consists of three parts: function mapping, requirements specification and reference set development. Through function mapping, we give a scientific and systemized description of the fundamentals of computer forensic discipline, i.e. what functions are needed in the …
Table Of Contents
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
No abstract provided.
Table Of Contents
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
No abstract provided.
Clustering Spam Domains And Destination Websites: Digital Forensics With Data Mining, Chun Wei, Alan Sprague, Gary Warner, Anthony Skjellum
Clustering Spam Domains And Destination Websites: Digital Forensics With Data Mining, Chun Wei, Alan Sprague, Gary Warner, Anthony Skjellum
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Spam related cyber crimes have become a serious threat to society. Current spam research mainly aims to detect spam more effectively. We believe the identification and disruption of the supporting infrastructure used by spammers is a more effective way of stopping spam than filtering. The termination of spam hosts will greatly reduce the profit a spammer can generate and thwart his ability to send more spam. This research proposes an algorithm for clustering spam domains extracted from spam emails based on the hosting IP addresses and tracing the IP addresses over a period of time. The results show that many …
Developing Voip Honeypots: A Preliminary Investigation Into Malfeasant Activity, Craig Valli
Developing Voip Honeypots: A Preliminary Investigation Into Malfeasant Activity, Craig Valli
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
30 years ago PABX systems were compromised by hackers wanting to make long distance calls at some other entities expense. This activity faded as telephony became cheaper and PABX systems had countermeasures installed to overcome attacks. Now the world has moved onto the provision of telephony via broadband enabled Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) with this service now being provided as a replacement for conventional fixed wire telephony by major telecommunication providers worldwide. Due to increasing bandwidth it is possible for systems to support multiple voice connections simultaneously. The networked nature of the Internet allows for attackers of these VoIP …
Adaptation Of Pyflag To Efficient Analysis Of Seized Computer Data Storage, Aleksander Byrski, Wojciech Stryjewski, Bartłomiej Czechowicz
Adaptation Of Pyflag To Efficient Analysis Of Seized Computer Data Storage, Aleksander Byrski, Wojciech Stryjewski, Bartłomiej Czechowicz
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Based on existing software aimed at investigation support in the analysis of computer data storage seized during investigation (PyFlag), an extension is proposed involving the introduction of dedicated components for data identification and filtering. Hash codes for popular software contained in NIST/NSRL database are considered in order to avoid unwanted files while searching and to classify them into several categories. The extension allows for further analysis, e.g. using artificial intelligence methods. The considerations are illustrated by the overview of the system's design.
Avoiding Sanctions At The E-Discovery Meet-And-Confer In Common Law Countries, Milton Luoma, Vicki Luoma
Avoiding Sanctions At The E-Discovery Meet-And-Confer In Common Law Countries, Milton Luoma, Vicki Luoma
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The rules of civil procedure in common law countries have been amended to better deal with the requirements of electronic discovery. One of the key changes in case management is the scheduling of a meet-and-confer session where the parties to litigation must meet early in the case before any discovery procedures have begun to exchange information regarding the nature, location, formats, and pertinent facts regarding custody and control of a party’s electronically stored information (ESI). Failure to abide by the rules and participate in good faith at the meet-and-confer session can have dire consequences for the parties and lawyers involved. …
Malware Forensics: Discovery Of The Intent Of Deception, Murray Brand, Craig Valli, Andrew Woodward
Malware Forensics: Discovery Of The Intent Of Deception, Murray Brand, Craig Valli, Andrew Woodward
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Malicious software (malware) has a wide variety of analysis avoidance techniques that it can employ to hinder forensic analysis. Although legitimate software can incorporate the same analysis avoidance techniques to provide a measure of protection against reverse engineering and to protect intellectual property, malware invariably makes much greater use of such techniques to make detailed analysis labour intensive and very time consuming. Analysis avoidance techniques are so heavily used by malware that the detection of the use of analysis avoidance techniques could be a very good indicator of the presence of malicious intent. However, there is a tendency for analysis …
Digital Records Forensics: A New Science And Academic Program For Forensic Readiness, Luciana Duranti, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky
Digital Records Forensics: A New Science And Academic Program For Forensic Readiness, Luciana Duranti, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
This paper introduces the Digital Records Forensics project, a research endeavour located at the University of British Columbia in Canada and aimed at the development of a new science resulting from the integration of digital forensics with diplomatics, archival science, information science and the law of evidence, and of an interdisciplinary graduate degree program, called Digital Records Forensics Studies, directed to professionals working for law enforcement agencies, legal firms, courts, and all kind of institutions and business that require their services. The program anticipates the need for organizations to become “forensically ready,” defined by John Tan as “maximizing the ability …
Solid State Drives: The Beginning Of The End For Current Practice In Digital Forensic Recovery?, Graeme B. Bell, Richard Boddington
Solid State Drives: The Beginning Of The End For Current Practice In Digital Forensic Recovery?, Graeme B. Bell, Richard Boddington
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Digital evidence is increasingly relied upon in computer forensic examinations and legal proceedings in the modern courtroom. The primary storage technology used for digital information has remained constant over the last two decades, in the form of the magnetic disc. Consequently, investigative, forensic, and judicial procedures are well-established for magnetic disc storage devices (Carrier, 2005). However, a paradigm shift has taken place in technology storage and complex, transistor-based devices for primary storage are now increasingly common. Most people are aware of the transition from portable magnetic floppy discs to portable USB transistor flash devices, yet the transition from magnetic hard …
Book Review: Digital Forensic Evidence Examination (2nd Ed.), Gary C. Kessler
Book Review: Digital Forensic Evidence Examination (2nd Ed.), Gary C. Kessler
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
On the day that I sat down to start to write this review, the following e-mail came across on one of my lists: Person A and Person B write back and forth and create an email thread. Person A then forwards the email to Person C, but changes some wording in the email exchange between A & B. What is the easiest way (and is it even possible) to find out when that earlier email message was altered before sent to Person C? Before you try to answer these questions, read Fred Cohen's Digital Forensic Evidence Examination. His book won't …
Identifying A Computer Forensics Expert: A Study To Measure The Characteristics Of Forensic Computer Examiners, Gregory H. Carlton, Reginald Worthley
Identifying A Computer Forensics Expert: A Study To Measure The Characteristics Of Forensic Computer Examiners, Gregory H. Carlton, Reginald Worthley
Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law
The usage of digital evidence from electronic devices has been rapidly expanding within litigation, and along with this increased usage, the reliance upon forensic computer examiners to acquire, analyze, and report upon this evidence is also rapidly growing. This growing demand for forensic computer examiners raises questions concerning the selection of individuals qualified to perform this work. While courts have mechanisms for qualifying witnesses that provide testimony based on scientific data, such as digital data, the qualifying criteria covers a wide variety of characteristics including, education, experience, training, professional certifications, or other special skills. In this study, we compare task …