Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons^™

An Examination Of Delinquency And Victimization Using Social Bonding And Routine Activities, Everette B. Penn, Jennifer Tanner

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

The study examined the relationship between juvenile delinquency and juvenile victimization using an integration of social bond theory and routine activities perspectives. Data were obtained from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) series of surveys given annually to a nationally representative sample of students. The MTF survey is from the 2005 group of surveys given to tenth grade students. The version of the survey was administered to 5,577 tenth grade students. This research examined the link between a student's commitment to school and guardianship. Specifically, it determined the amount of delinquency to which a student is involved and the extent of …

Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Kill Method: A Provocation, Jeff Ferrell

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Versus Qualitative Methods: Understanding Why Quantitative Methods Are Predominant In Criminology And Criminal Justice, George E. Higgins

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods: Understanding Why Qualitative Methods Are Superior For Criminology And Criminal Justice, Richard Tewksbury

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Inescapable Morality: Responding To The Qualitative Versus Quantitative Issue, Matthew R. Draper

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Fear Of Crime And Punishment, Annalise Acorn

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Paper Women: The Representation Of Female Offenders In Irish Newspapers, Lynsey Black

Dissertations

Reductionistic definitions characterise many of the representations of women in our society. From superficial depictions of women as sex objects to the elevation of motherhood as a paragon of womanhood, women navigate myriad roles available to them exclusively because of their gender. Female offenders are potentially more vulnerable to such limitations of representation due to their relative invisibility. Society is largely unacquainted with the realities of circumstance for such women, who are therefore reliant upon media outlets to inform the public. The operation of this process in Ireland has not been the subject of extensive research, and the current study …

Organizational Approaches To Drug Law Enforcement By Local Police Departments In The United States: Specialized Drug Units And Participation In Multi-Agency Drug Task Forces, Robert M. Lombardo, David E. Olson

Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper examines the factors associated with the decision of local police departments in the United States to operate specialized drug units or to participate in multi-jurisdictional drug task forces. Combining data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) Survey, the 2000 Census, and the Uniform Crime Report, we use both bivariate and multivariate methods to conduct the analysis. The findings indicate that county-level agencies, those with other formalized drug control efforts, high levels of violent crime, high degrees of task specialization and formalization, and high proportions of the resident population accounted for by renters were more likely …

Probation Revocations Based On Technical Violations: Do Probation Officers Contribute To Higher Rates?, Amanda Kent

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

A recent report by The Pew Center on the States (2009) indicated 1 in 31 adults are under the control of the correctional system nationwide. In Texas, it is reported that 1 in 22 adults are under the control of the correctional system or rather in prison, jail, on probation or parole (The Pew Center on the States, 2009). The prisons in Texas and throughout the nation are becoming overcrowded which presents a problem for administrators and the public alike. Texas has experienced an increase of 310% in their prison population between 1985 and 2005 and it is expected to …

Dishonest Associates In The Workplace: The Correlation Between Motivation And Opportunity In Retail Among Employee Theft, Edith Marie Fikes

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

White-collar crime is a major loss to the economy, employers, and consumers. It is a crime that often goes undetected, and when detected, employers rarely file charges, so estimates as to how often it occurs are hard to come by. White-collar crime is a very broad category so the focus of this study was on a sector of white-collar crime, retail employee theft. Cressey's (1973) fraud triangle contained three components: motivation, opportunity, and rationalization. Cressey (1973) claimed that if any of one of these three components did not exist, then the crime would not occur. In this study, retail employee …

Animal Welfare: Societal Perspectives And The Path To Permanent Change, Janet Linn Horton

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

During the past 200 years animal welfare has been changing in a direction that is providing animals with a protection they have not always had. As society began to research the study of animal dynamics, there was a discovery on the importance in providing animals' moral consideration. Animal's societies have been created in order to provide protection the animals need and in order to seek sanctions for those who violate the laws and cause unnecessary pain and suffering to them. Animals have become a major part of business today, not only for the law abiding society members but for the …

Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation And Attempts In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for …

Managing Performance [In Child Welfare Supervision], Megan E. Paul, Michelle Graef, Erika J. Robinson, Kristin Saathoff

Center on Children, Families, and the Law: Faculty Publications

One of the primary roles of a supervisor is to manage worker performance. Performance management is the "continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning performance with the strategic goals of the organization" (Aguinis, 2007, p. 2). Supervisors must regularly assess current performance levels and take steps to improve performance in a way that is congruent with agency goals. The ultimate goal is to achieve agency objectives through individual and team performance.

To effectively manage performance, supervisors must know what the performance expectations are for workers and clearly communicate these expectations to workers. …

Recruiting And Selecting Child Welfare Staff, Michelle Graef, Megan Paul, Tara L. Myers

Center on Children, Families, and the Law: Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the focus is on recruiting and selecting new staff and on the steps agencies can take to ensure that they are doing the best possible job to attract and hire a high-performing, committed workforce. This chapter reviews a number of strategies for improving recruitment and selection processes and provides case examples from the authors' work with child protection agencies in several states. These projects have been accomplished by a team of researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Center on Children, Families, and the Law (CCFL). Some of the techniques described here will be familiar, whereas others are …

Review: The Body In The Reservoir: Murder And Sensationalism In The South, April Renfroe-Warren

Georgia Library Quarterly

Review of the non-fiction book "The Body in the Reservoir: Murder and Sensationalism in the South," by Michael Ayers Trotti.

Discrepant Comorbidity Between Minority And White Suicides: A National Multiple Cause-Of-Death Analysis, Ian Rh Rockett, Yinjuan Lian, Steven Stack, Alan M. Ducatman, Shuhui Wang

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Clinician training deficits and a low and declining autopsy rate adversely impact the quality of death certificates in the United States. Self-report and records data for the general population indicate that proximate mental and physical health of minority suicides was at least as poor as that of white suicides.

Methods

This cross-sectional mortality study uses data from Multiple Cause-of-Death (MCOD) public use files for 1999–2003 to describe and evaluate comorbidity among black, Hispanic, and white suicides. Unintentional injury decedents are the referent for multivariate analyses.

Results

One or more mentions of comorbid psychopathology are documented on the death …

The Unjust Selection Of Justice Professionals: Balancing Fairness For Police Officer Applicants And The Potential Citizens They Will Serve, Robert W. Boyle

Master's Theses

This paper examines the effects on the community when its police officers are held to different physical standards based upon their sex. Through a Platonic analysis of the modern day "guardians of the city," it can be seen that the community is deprived of the strongest and best police force when the department compensates individuals based upon a "weakness" that thier class of applicants possesses. This process proves to be unfair to both the applicants and to the citizens they may subsequently serve.

Public Perceptions Of Registry Laws For Juvenile Sex Offenders, Carrie E. Reynolds, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret C. Stevenson, Tish R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Understanding jurors’ perceptions of juvenile defendants has become increasingly important as more and more juvenile cases are being tried in adult criminal court rather than family or juvenile court. Intellectual disability and child maltreatment are overrepresented among juvenile delinquents, and juveniles (particularly disabled juveniles) are at heightened risk for falsely confessing to crimes. In two mock trial experiments, we examined the effects of disability, abuse history, and confession evidence on jurors’ perceptions of a juvenile defendant across several different crime scenarios. Abused juveniles were treated more leniently than nonabused juveniles only when the juvenile’s crime was motivated by self-defense against …

Child Sexual Abuse, Ptsd, And Substance Use: Predictors Of Revictimization In Adult Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Henrietta Filipas

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

This study examined the unique effects of child sexual abuse simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, problem drinking, and illicit drug use in relation to sexual revictimization in a community sample of female adult sexual assault victims. Participants (N = 555) completed two surveys a year apart. Child sexual abuse predicted more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult sexual assault victims. Posttraumatic stress disorder numbing symptoms directly predicted revictimization, whereas other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal) were related to problem drinking, which in turn predicted revictimization. Thus, numbing symptoms and problem drinking may be independent risk …

Prospective Effects Of Sexual Victimization On Ptsd And Problem Drinking, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problem drinking are common and often co-occurring sequelae experienced by women survivors of adult sexual assault, yet it remains unclear whether survivors drink to cope with PTSD symptoms or whether PTSD symptoms are exacerbated by drinking. Thus, we used a cross-lagged panel design with a large (N = 555), ethnically diverse sample of women assault survivors to determine whether PTSD prospectively led to problem drinking or vice versa. We also examined whether cumulative sexual victimization experiences related to greater PTSD and problem drinking. Structural equation modeling revealed that child sexual abuse was associated with …

Beyond Retroactivity To Realizing Justice: A Theory On The Principle Of Legality In International Criminal Law Sentencing, Shahram Dana

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

A Relational Sixth Amendment During Interrogation, Brooks Holland

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Blue Sky Steroids, Geoffrey Rapp

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

The Manly Sports: The Problematic Use Of Criminal Law To Regulate Sports Violence, Jeffrey Standen

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Deterrence In A Sea Of Just Deserts: Are Utilitarian Goals Achievable In A World Of Limiting Retributivism, Matthew Haist

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Desistance And The Feared Self: Toward An Identity Theory Of Criminal Desistance, Ray Paternoster, Shawn Bushway

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

The Cognitive Psychology Of Mens Rea, Kevin Jon Heller

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Transfer, Developmental Maturity, And Adjudicative Competence: An Ethical And Justice Policy Inquiry , Brian G. Sellers, Bruce A. Arrigo

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Do Executions Lower Homicide Rates: The Views Of Leading Criminologists', Michael L. Radelet, Traci L. Lacock

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.