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Articles 1 - 30 of 58
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Ransomware As Organization: A Comparative Analysis Of Corporate And Criminal Structures In Conti, George Urling
Ransomware As Organization: A Comparative Analysis Of Corporate And Criminal Structures In Conti, George Urling
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Cybercriminal groups continue to pose major threats to global cybersecurity. One of the most common types of cybercriminal groups are, “Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)" groups, who create and sell ransomware. While research is conducted into the development of ransomware, there is limited reporting on the organizational structure and habits of RaaS groups. In 2022, prominent RaaS group Conti had their chat logs leaked, with the logs ranging from 2020 to 2022. This study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of RaaS group structures by utilizing the Conti leaked logs as a case study. The study, entitled “Ransomware as Organization: A Comparative Analysis …
The Influence Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Female Violent Offending: A Scoping Systematic Review, Alexis M. Wolgemuth
The Influence Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Female Violent Offending: A Scoping Systematic Review, Alexis M. Wolgemuth
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Female-perpetrated violence has exhibited concerning data trends in recent years. Prior scholarship indicates that past victimization and trauma in childhood, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), are highly prevalent among women offenders. However, the research concerning ACEs and violent females is scattered. This thesis provides a scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) updated 2020 guidelines. A systematic database search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, SAGE Journals, Springer Nature Link, and HeinOnline to identify relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are established, focusing on studies published after January 2015. These …
Absolute Extraction: Utilizing Rural Critical Criminology To Examine Appalachia’S Toxic Dependence On Extractive Industries, Andrew Kennedy
Absolute Extraction: Utilizing Rural Critical Criminology To Examine Appalachia’S Toxic Dependence On Extractive Industries, Andrew Kennedy
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Brought forth by common rhetoric, Appalachia is often viewed as the closest space to that of an empyrean domain. Separated from the sleepless city, its allure rests in its created identity of a quiet, green escape from the city, which offers serenity on all fronts. Although Appalachia can fulfill this profile, such an ascension ignores the burning yellow grass below. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the destruction of Appalachia through the lens of extractive industries and the region’s designation as a sacrifice zone. Through the application of rural critical criminology, this paper holds that …
Welcome From The Editors: Criminal Justice Systems Helping Communities: Provision Of Resources And Experience For Positive Change, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
Welcome From The Editors: Criminal Justice Systems Helping Communities: Provision Of Resources And Experience For Positive Change, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Reducing Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect: An Analysis Of Three Potential Solutions, Lauren C. Heil
Reducing Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect: An Analysis Of Three Potential Solutions, Lauren C. Heil
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Child abuse and neglect are prevalent problems, affecting an estimated one million children worldwide each year. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyze three potential solutions to reduce the rates of child abuse and neglect. The three programs that were suggested were: improving overall access to healthcare, therapy and counseling, and other support services for children and families who need them, implementing more Nurse-Family Partnerships across the United States for first time mothers with visits from a registered nurse, and increasing parent’s access to economic resources and improving families overall financial security. These programs were researched extensively, …
The Controlled Substances Act: A Menagerie Of Arbitrary Regulation And Failure Of Purpose, Dylan Andrus
The Controlled Substances Act: A Menagerie Of Arbitrary Regulation And Failure Of Purpose, Dylan Andrus
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the primary regulatory and criminal legislation surrounding drugs in the United States. Passed in the 1970s, the CSA established the drug classification scheduling system we use today. Despite being over 50 years old today, the CSA has not achieved its goal of eliminating or even significantly reducing drug use and offenses. This paper conducts an analysis of the CSA's legislative intent versus its actual results through reviews of measures such as incarceration rates, inconsistent regulation, and disproportionate racial effects to argue that the Controlled Substances Act has failed in its mission while causing significant …
Bridging The Gap Between Substance Use Treatment Barriers In Rural Areas, Dakota Baker
Bridging The Gap Between Substance Use Treatment Barriers In Rural Areas, Dakota Baker
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The purpose of this paper is to examine the continued concern about substance abuse/misuse and limited access to treatment in rural areas. Rural areas lack the adequate treatment needed to combat substance use disorder (SUD), mainly due to the lack of sufficient providers trained to identify, treat, and support those dealing with SUD. Additional barriers such as the high cost of treatment, stigma surrounding substance use disorders, geographical barriers, and the criminalization of substance abuse are other barriers that will be discussed in this paper (Griffin & Botvin, 2010; Hargons et al., 2023; Khazaee-Pool et al., 2024; National Center for …
Design And Implementation Of In-Prison Restorative Justice Programs: Insights On Leadership Challenges, Jonathan Paul Branch
Design And Implementation Of In-Prison Restorative Justice Programs: Insights On Leadership Challenges, Jonathan Paul Branch
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The purpose of this case study is to provide direct insight into effective strategies for designing and implementing an in-prison restorative justice program. Mass incarceration remains a deeply entrenched characteristic of the U.S. criminal justice system, and prisons pose unique challenges to restorative practices, which literature on the subject often describe in general terms. By focusing on one organization successfully implementing in-prison restorative justice, the study aims at specifically illustrating how the prison system impedes attempts at providing restorative services and what practitioners might do to circumvent or otherwise mitigate those challenges. The study is guided by the following primary …
Needed Policies And Programs For Criminal Justice And Social Services – Challenges And Changes, Cassandra B. Whyte, Ed.D., Stephen T. Young, Ph.D.
Needed Policies And Programs For Criminal Justice And Social Services – Challenges And Changes, Cassandra B. Whyte, Ed.D., Stephen T. Young, Ph.D.
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Reducing Juvenile Recidivism: An Analysis Of Programs, Caitlyn M. Lewis
Reducing Juvenile Recidivism: An Analysis Of Programs, Caitlyn M. Lewis
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the best programmatic-related approach to reduce juvenile recidivism in the United States. Three main programs will be analyzed in this paper. Those programs are multisystemic therapy and wraparound approach, mentoring programs, and reentry and aftercare programs. These programs have proven to be highly successful via empirical research. By looking at and analyzing peer-reviewed research, the findings concluded that reentry and aftercare programs are the most successful. These conclusions were reached by evaluating each program type by three different criteria: research support, accessibility, and administrative ease. While reentry and aftercare programs …
The Militarization Of Policing In The United States, Grace Simpson
The Militarization Of Policing In The United States, Grace Simpson
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The increased use of police violence and the threat thereof has become a widely publicized issue. Particularly, the use of violence against minorities, especially Black individuals, is becoming more widely criticized by the public, scholars, and activists. This identification of policing violence relates to the militarization of policing, wherein the adoption of military equipment and tactics have contributed to increased violent targeting of minority communities. Policing agencies have increasingly turned these military weapons against civilians to maintain social control. Namely, militarism in policing has historical roots in violent racialized policing targeting Black communities. The current analysis critically examines the development …
Perceptions Of Police: Justice-Impacted And Non-Impacted Opinions, Taylor Williamson
Perceptions Of Police: Justice-Impacted And Non-Impacted Opinions, Taylor Williamson
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The purpose of this paper is to examine what affects individual’s perceptions of the police through a review of the literature. Because the police work directly with their community, opinions that their communities hold of the police can affect their ability to perform their job effectively. Particular focus is given to justice-impacted persons. A justice-impacted person is an individual who is at risk for incarceration, has been incarcerated, or has had family members incarcerated. It is advantageous to survey justice-impacted persons regarding their perceptions of the police because they have had direct contact with the police. This contrasts with general …
Digital Accessibility And Missing Information: An Examination Of Intimate Partner Violence Shelter Websites, Leslie-Dawn Quick, Ph.D., Radscheda R. Nobles, Ph.D.
Digital Accessibility And Missing Information: An Examination Of Intimate Partner Violence Shelter Websites, Leslie-Dawn Quick, Ph.D., Radscheda R. Nobles, Ph.D.
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
This paper is an examination of intimate partner violence shelter websites identified by the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) across six states to include North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Ohio. A sample of 217 websites were identified through the NCADV and analyzed with focus on what information they contained. There is significant variability between website content. Most shelter websites provide crisis hotline information, operating information or that they operate 24/7, but basic information like the cost of the shelter or if transportation is provided is not always available. This paper makes recommendations to shelters to provide …
Policing Impacts On Racial And Regional Oppression In Appalachia, Grace Simpson
Policing Impacts On Racial And Regional Oppression In Appalachia, Grace Simpson
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Appalachians continue to face the lasting effects of generations of state violence. Residents are often met with economic, environmental, physical, and mental hardships that are specific to these regions. Namely, the intersection of race with these region-specific hardships creates unique issues for Black Appalachians. Black Appalachians have a distinct history connecting the cultural nuances of the Appalachian region with the overall history of racial inequality in the USA. The following highlights Black Appalachian experiences by exploring the relationship between state violence, policing, and race in the region. Utilizing qualitative interviews with Black individuals in Appalachians, results gain a more detailed …
Welcome From The Editors, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
Welcome From The Editors, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
What Are The Causes And Remedies Of Wrongful Convictions?, Audree Alick
What Are The Causes And Remedies Of Wrongful Convictions?, Audree Alick
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Wrongful convictions, also known as miscarriages of justice, are very common in the criminal justice system today. With the first known wrongful conviction in 1872, to the most recent in 2023, researchers have similarly identified three causes of wrongful convictions: false confessions, eyewitness errors, and investigative misconduct. Wrongful convictions can cause many physical and mental effects on post-exonerees and currently incarcerated individuals, including but not limited to, clinical anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Analyses of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) have proven instrumental in cases of wrongful convictions. Each exoneree should have access to the DNA database to test against the DNA evidence …
Samuel Little: A Brief Summary And Analysis Of America’S Most Prolific Serial Killer, Hannah M. Stephens
Samuel Little: A Brief Summary And Analysis Of America’S Most Prolific Serial Killer, Hannah M. Stephens
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Serial murderers have long been a topic of fascination for both the public and law enforcement. In recent years, more analyses of serial murders have proven valuable to the development of criminal profiles used to apprehend these offenders. Though these analyses involving large samples are extremely valuable to law enforcement, it can be become easy to discount the value of case studies. Many times, case analyses can provide a practical application of developed profiles. In this essay, a case study of Samuel Little, one of the most prominent—yet surprisingly unknown—serial killers, will be discussed in brief. First, this essay will …
Moving In The Shadows: The Reasons Why Men Purchase Commercial Sexual Services And The Connection To Strain Theory, Kelley Barry
Moving In The Shadows: The Reasons Why Men Purchase Commercial Sexual Services And The Connection To Strain Theory, Kelley Barry
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Prostitution has been a feature of human civilization since its establishment. Yet, existing research typically encompasses the perspective of the seller, leaving the context of an entire faction somewhat undiscovered. In working to better understand this population, this paper emphasizes the perspective of male buyers and their reasons for purchasing sexual services. To further examine the role that men assume in this type of exchange, their input is compared against the central tenets of Agnew’s (1992) strain theory.
A Scrutiny Of Mental Illness In Criminality And The Assessment Of Viable Alternatives, Kelley Barry
A Scrutiny Of Mental Illness In Criminality And The Assessment Of Viable Alternatives, Kelley Barry
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Because of the compelling role it plays as an enigma, mental illness has been featured in innumerable theaters of human history and our present-day society. There is perhaps no greater place for this dynamic than our criminal justice system. This analysis provides a thorough examination of how our modern approach to the management of mental illness evolved in accordance to the ways in which it began. The controversy over incarceration rates of the mentally ill are astronomical, in that nearly half of inmates in the United States are suffering with a mental illness of sorts (National Alliance for the Mentally …
Substance Use In Rural Areas: A Narrative Concerning The Care, Treatment, And Stigma Of Rural Substance Users, Katie J. Nutter
Substance Use In Rural Areas: A Narrative Concerning The Care, Treatment, And Stigma Of Rural Substance Users, Katie J. Nutter
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Fatal drug overdoses have affected both urban and rural communities in recent years but is more pronounced in rural areas. In this narrative, a commentary regarding the increased maternal morbidity and mortality rates for rural women, the lack of access to appropriate medical and substance abuse treatment, and societal and intragroup stigma will be addressed, as these issues are plaguing rural substance users and their recovery. The narrative will include an in-depth discussion regarding the practices and policies being implemented in reducing rural fatal overdoses, including the implementation and underutilization of medication assisted treatment and harm reduction techniques, as well …
The War On Drugs, Moral Panics, And The Groundhog Day Effect: Confronting The Stereotypes That Perpetuate The Cycle Of Disparity, Tasha Withrow
The War On Drugs, Moral Panics, And The Groundhog Day Effect: Confronting The Stereotypes That Perpetuate The Cycle Of Disparity, Tasha Withrow
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
There has been a specter haunting America for over 400 years. That specter is an insidious and destructive beast that has found its way into every crevice and layer of all American institutions. Racism, racial stereotypes, racial stigma, biases, and White supremacy has infiltrated every power structure since the foundation of America and has created a system of social control that has perpetually oppressed, marginalized, and disenfranchised generations of people of color. One of the most catastrophic by-products generated from America’s historic racist ideology has been that of the over-criminalization of people of color for drug crimes justified by discriminatory …
Reviewing Aspects Of The Criminal Legal System: A Focus On Rural Health, Substance Use, And Systemic Bias, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
Reviewing Aspects Of The Criminal Legal System: A Focus On Rural Health, Substance Use, And Systemic Bias, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
This volume of the Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice offers articles that the reader may find informative and interesting. The topics are timely, and the content may spur thoughtful insights and ideas about useful applications and models of counseling, education, and mental health programming as well as further important conversations about the intersections of race, gender, class, and the legal system. The articles in this volume present two relevant themes with regards to needed reforms. First, the articles encourage readers to identify the need for further reform to both criminal legal and social programming to assist persons with mental and …
Victims Of Crime, Kellie A. Parkin
Victims Of Crime, Kellie A. Parkin
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
An exploratory analysis of victims of crime, their rights in the criminal justice system, and the shortcomings of resources. The first section will highlight important milestones throughout the victim rights movement in history. After analyzing the research, it is clear the United States was behind in offering these rights to victims. The paper goes on to identify the lack of uniformity and lack of resources victims must endure. Lastly, the paper will offer a common counterargument to one very important right victim’s frequently practice, that is the right to be heard.
Improving Policing: Criticisms And Supports, Hannah M. Stephens
Improving Policing: Criticisms And Supports, Hannah M. Stephens
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
In today's society, there are many critical factors surrounding the profession of law enforcement. In the midst of allegations such as corruption, racism, and use of force, policing has lost its favor in the eyes of the public. By taking a closer look at these issues and the various ways of correcting their problems, perhaps true policing can once again be a source of effectiveness and pride in our criminal justice system. Traditional policing holds many values that have been lost. If our justice system and the public's trust in it is to be restored, education, various approaches to crime, …
Diversity In Criminal Justice Education, Cody Salvatore
Diversity In Criminal Justice Education, Cody Salvatore
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The absence of a proper understanding of diversity feeds into an already poor relationship between the criminal justice system and marginalized communities who often harbor fear and resentment towards the criminal justice system. This can be linked to the overall lack of diversity courses within criminal justice curriculums, as the absence of these courses leads to a lessened quality of education for criminal justice professionals and distrust from marginalized communities. The LGBT community exemplifies this, and its history and current relationship with the criminal justice system are presented in this study. While criminal justice education is successful in its endeavors …
Nigeria's Plight: The Causes, Crimes, And Casualties Of Boko Haram, Brandi Dunfee
Nigeria's Plight: The Causes, Crimes, And Casualties Of Boko Haram, Brandi Dunfee
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
This paper provides a brief history of Boko Haram including one of the group’s infamous attacks, the Nigerian government’s response to the insurgency, and whether the group has succeeded in promoting their ideals. The group has a long history of condemning Western education and encouraging an Islamic state. Since Boko Haram has been active, they have displaced thousands of Nigerians from their homes, in some cases even kidnapping them. A large kidnapping of schoolgirls from a university is one of their most notorious terrorist acts. Their motives for the kidnappings were to enforce Islam nationwide and to free their members …
Examining The Quality Of Representation By Public Defenders Compared To Private Attorneys, Brianna M. Ovalle
Examining The Quality Of Representation By Public Defenders Compared To Private Attorneys, Brianna M. Ovalle
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
The overwhelming majority of federal and state defendants are indigent, meaning counsel must be obtained on behalf of them. If public defenders were not made available for these types of defendants, the defendants could not afford representation on their own. Because limited options are available for indigent defendants, public defenders are often appointed to represent them. Due to the nature of public defenders, critics question public defender credibility and the quality of representation they offer. Studies have attempted to examine this very topic, and while the majority have found no differences between public defenders and private attorneys in terms of …
Examining Cyberstalking Victimization Using Routine Activities And Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theories: A Critical Literature Review, Katie J. Nutter
Examining Cyberstalking Victimization Using Routine Activities And Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theories: A Critical Literature Review, Katie J. Nutter
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
Lifestyle and routine activities models are often used in criminological research to examine crime victimization. Routine activities and lifestyle-routine activities theories both propose crime occurs when there is a physical convergence of time and space between a motivated offender and a suitable target, with the absence of a capable guardian. However, crimes committed in cyberspace are without the proposed physical interaction. Due to the emergence of the Internet, stalking victimization has been rapidly occurring in the realm of cyberspace, which is a disorganized environment for crime to occur. In this critical literature review, a review of pertinent research will be …
Editors' Welcome, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
Editors' Welcome, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Editor's Welcome, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
Editor's Welcome, Cassandra B. Whyte Dr., Stephen Young
The Mid-Southern Journal of Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.