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Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 70
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Recruitment And Retention Of Millennials And Generation Z In The Criminal Justice Field: How Do We Replenish The Ranks?, Chris Vierling
Recruitment And Retention Of Millennials And Generation Z In The Criminal Justice Field: How Do We Replenish The Ranks?, Chris Vierling
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The Criminal Justice field is, and has been, experiencing a drastic decrease in the number of individuals willing to take on this unique calling. This decline can be attributed to several factors, primarily concerns about safety, the current political and social environment, work schedules, and personal life influences. The purpose of this paper and research is to examine the causes of the ongoing hiring crisis in the field of Criminal Justice and propose potential solutions. Through research, several contributing factors have been identified that can help agencies at various levels recruit and retain Criminal Justice candidates. This is an ongoing …
Gender-Responsive Supervision Six Guiding Principles, Barriers, And Benefits Of Implementation, Tessa Matousek
Gender-Responsive Supervision Six Guiding Principles, Barriers, And Benefits Of Implementation, Tessa Matousek
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Over the years, the goals of probation have remained the same: to increase community safety and reduce recidivism; however, as the world changes, the needs of offenders have changed. Evidence-based practices are used in probation to determine risk levels and create targeted case plans. The criminal justice system has seen an increase in female offenders, which has brought up valid questions of evaluation tools and supervision practices. The quest to provide the most effective services to all offenders brings innovation, research, and change. Gender-responsive supervision is the answer to how to best serve female offenders. Change is a natural evolution, …
Understanding And Minimizing School Shootings, Taylor Hammond
Understanding And Minimizing School Shootings, Taylor Hammond
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The unfortunate trend of school shootings is on the rise within the United States. The purpose of this paper is to describe a leadership communication plan for a school shooting situation, along with identifying the three phases of a crisis: pre-crisis, crisis response, and post-crisis. It also describes the role a probation officer plays within this topic and the importance of this person in a juvenile’s life. An unforeseen issue with school shootings is how it relates to social media. Social media can be used to bully, harass, and contact others unsolicited. It can also be used for a student …
Dna Analysis: The Answer For Unsolved Cases?, Sarah Hetchler
Dna Analysis: The Answer For Unsolved Cases?, Sarah Hetchler
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
DNA analysis has become a crucial part of solving cases. It has developed significantly since its creation in the mid-1980s. The longing for answers within unsolved cases is historically lengthy, leaving traces of distrust and injustice. Criminologists offer a potential solution to the mess created by connecting DNA analysis to protect victims and communities. DNA evidence and analysis can assist in solving cases and provide answers for exonerees. Like public genealogy websites, law enforcement agencies must acknowledge new methods to solve issues. Not only could law enforcement agencies solve and arrest suspects through DNA analysis, but DNA could also provide …
Restrictive Pursuit Policies And Rising Violent Crime, Ryan Kelly
Restrictive Pursuit Policies And Rising Violent Crime, Ryan Kelly
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Consequences can be a driving factor for why citizens follow laws in the United States. Financial and physical freedom is valued. Citizen’s behavior may change if police officers threaten to take these things away for breaking laws. Policymakers today are working to restrict when law enforcement officers can chase criminals for breaking the law. Suppose the ability of law enforcement to hold criminals accountable is restricted. Would this not lead a reasonable person to believe that criminals may think they are free to commit crimes? This paper will cover current trends in violent crime in both the United States and …
Where Do We Go From Here? Reconsidering Crowd Management And Control In The Wake Of The George Floyd Era Of Protests., Nicholas Steiger
Where Do We Go From Here? Reconsidering Crowd Management And Control In The Wake Of The George Floyd Era Of Protests., Nicholas Steiger
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
This research evaluated police response to protests and considered crowd management and control in the wake of the George Floyd era of protests. The research reviewed the history of crowd management and control and evaluated new methods to increase police legitimacy. It proposed the adoption of the Elaborated Social Identity Model of crowd control and provided agencies with additional recommendations that may increase ethical decision-making. It proposed that forming multi-jurisdictional mobile field force teams for crowd management and control will increase the professionalism of the police and help ensure the rights and safety of those participating in First Amendment activities. …
Incorporating A Peer Support Program In A Criminal Justice Department, Joshua Gerving, Joshua J. Gerving
Incorporating A Peer Support Program In A Criminal Justice Department, Joshua Gerving, Joshua J. Gerving
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
This research aims to provide police agencies with a step-by-step guide for developing a Peer Support Program. It will address how to design the program, overcome complex changes in an agency, create a crisis communication strategy, and budget for the new specialty department. This research will address ethical and moral dilemmas a peer support member may face as they perform their duties. Furthermore, the author will present a code of conduct that will serve as the foundation of the program. The researcher will also explain how training, ethical accountability, and stewardship are crucial in making an ethical program for first …
Title: The Truth Behind A Guardian Ad Litem, Klarissa Stovall
Title: The Truth Behind A Guardian Ad Litem, Klarissa Stovall
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The role of a guardian ad litem is at the forefront when acknowledging the significance of the role in its entirety when considering the safety and wellbeing of a child who is a victim of abuse or neglect. Also focusing on the supportive topics including adequate training, effective communication, and safety is equally important when discussing the role of a guardian ad litem. Furthermore, being able to acknowledge the role of a guardian ad litem is extremely helpful when remembering how vital they are to the future of a child, specifically when involved in child protective services or family law. …
Understanding Wellness In Law Enforcement: A Crisis, Phil Baebenroth
Understanding Wellness In Law Enforcement: A Crisis, Phil Baebenroth
Doctorate in Education
This study investigates the perceptions of current licensed peace officers in Minnesota regarding reforming their profession. From 2017 to 2020, more police officers in the United States died by suicide than officers killed by gunfire, assaults, crashes, or accidents in the line of duty (Officer Down Memorial Page, 2023 & Blue H.E.L.P, 2023). These statistics present a wellness crisis in the policing profession that deserves immediate attention. There have been worldwide calls for changes in policing from people outside of law enforcement, but few incorporate the practical insights of police officers and even fewer are concerned with officer wellness aspects. …
Crime Leads To Time And Time Back To Crime: The Effect Of Employment On Recidivism, Connor Weiss
Crime Leads To Time And Time Back To Crime: The Effect Of Employment On Recidivism, Connor Weiss
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
This paper opens with a general history of prison systems and the recurring issue of overpopulation in prisons, which leads to the main topic of recidivism rates amongst former offender populations who find themselves with work opportunities. A summary of this issue as a whole is brought up with possible solutions to address the issues, as well as the problems that can and would arise with the proposed implementation of a streamlined prison-based career exploration and job training program. Continuing through the paper, the focus shifts to the ethics of the topic. Ethics play a significant role when looking at …
Law Enforcement's Assistance To The Mental Health Community, Megan Thompson
Law Enforcement's Assistance To The Mental Health Community, Megan Thompson
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Mental health calls are an overwhelmingly consistent part of the law enforcement profession. With the lack of resources for the mental health community, law enforcement officers are becoming the contingency strategy. Relationships between the law enforcement and mental health communities are becoming imperative for every community. While developing these relationships, law enforcement officers can begin to develop response teams to handle mental health calls for service. Bringing on board clinical and non-clinical professionals from the mental health community can provide different intervention and therapy programs. Basic ethical principles, accepted in culture, include but are not limited to respect, honesty, and …
Paramilitary Model And Civilian Employee’S Impression Of Law Enforcement, Deanna Vue
Paramilitary Model And Civilian Employee’S Impression Of Law Enforcement, Deanna Vue
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Law enforcement agencies have long been facing a leadership crisis. Much of law enforcement organizational structure and leadership have been focused solely on police officers. Law enforcement leaders forget these traditional models and rigid structure also affect civilian personnel. The chain of command serves to streamline communication, not to facilitate unchecked behavior. However, many law enforcement leaders continue to rely on the chain of command for everything from mentoring, to coaching, to evaluation. Civilians may feel they are treated unequally and suffer from an unbalanced psychological injury. Some may consider it blasphemous to change the traditional organizational structure of law …
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Early Retirements In Law Enforcement, Alecia Ainslie
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Early Retirements In Law Enforcement, Alecia Ainslie
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The American Psychiatric Association defines post-traumatic stress disorder as a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, or rape or who have been threatened with death, sexual violence, or serious injury (Torres, 2020). Why are law enforcement officers retiring at an alarming rate due to post-traumatic stress disorder? “Law enforcement professionals anticipate and accept the unique dangers and pressures of their chosen profession. However, people under stress find it harder than people not experiencing stress to connect with others and …
Law Enforcement’S Use Of Social Media: It Is More Then Just A Post, Brad Litke
Law Enforcement’S Use Of Social Media: It Is More Then Just A Post, Brad Litke
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Social media has become a preferred way to communicate for many and can be a look into the user’s personal life. However, law enforcement also knows this. Law enforcement’s use of social media for investigations has been proven to be effective in monitoring gatherings and helping to solve crimes. While legal, law enforcement also has an ethical responsibility to the community and have strong policies in place to prevent misuse of this tool. This is not the only use of social media by law enforcement. Social media is also used to interact with the community. Reviewing the good and bad …
Culture Of Wellness Toward Resiliency, Shelby Stemig
Culture Of Wellness Toward Resiliency, Shelby Stemig
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Stress and burnout are increasingly prevalent amongst law enforcement officers and civilian staff due to job demands and job-related traumas. A culture of wellness planning is how administrations can build resiliency against stress and burnout. A wellness plan should emphasize organizational responsibility, officer responsibility, formal and informal leadership, and external collaborations. Agencies can also utilize the same cognitive behavioral therapies that supervised release agents find beneficial for clients. There are great similarities between the utilization of cognitive behavioral interventions, evidence-based models, and thought behavioral links between supervised release clients and law enforcement staff members. Often, cognitive behavioral therapies are used …
Formation Of A Mental Health Co-Responder Unit, Tom Smith
Formation Of A Mental Health Co-Responder Unit, Tom Smith
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The current models of treating mentally ill people with police contact are not working and have never worked. Mentally ill people, or those in crisis, often slip through gaps in the criminal justice and hospital systems. It is time for criminal justice and medical treatment systems to work together to help those with mental illnesses. Properly implemented programs and policies will allow officers to respond better to people experiencing a crisis. These programs, and ethically implemented policies, will enable officers to better serve people by getting them the necessary services while limiting the potential for using force, jail, and hospitalization. …
Considerations For Marijuana Legalization, Joe Ainslie
Considerations For Marijuana Legalization, Joe Ainslie
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Marijuana legalization began approximately 29 years ago but legalization has only gained momentum in recent years. Most states in the US have enacted laws allowing for medical marijuana or recreational marijuana use. These laws have all been enacted with the past 20 years and highlighted the complicated issue of legalization of once heavily controlled substances. Minnesota is now beginning the process of legalizing recreational use of marijuana and introduced legislation. Legalization has brought with it public health and safety concerns as well as ethical dilemmas. The specific concerns about an increase in driving while intoxicated/impaired (DWI), crashes, heightened criminality, and …
Persons In Crisis: Law Enforcement's Response To Mental Health Calls, Sean Farnham
Persons In Crisis: Law Enforcement's Response To Mental Health Calls, Sean Farnham
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
This research paper provided insight and the history surrounding the mental health epidemic in the United States, the burden that is placed upon the law enforcement profession and offered strategies to address to the problem. The paper offered suggestions on how the various strategies can be implemented within a law enforcement organization, considering funding, personnel, and policy and procedure. The paper offered research surrounding several response methods for law enforcement to utilize when responding to calls involving mental health factors, the ethics concerns surrounding the response methods, and offered suggestions on how organizations can begin to implement new response methods …
Women Incarceration And Attitudes Towards Restraints Used During A Child’S Birth, Wade Chit
Women Incarceration And Attitudes Towards Restraints Used During A Child’S Birth, Wade Chit
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The complexities of women's incarceration are misunderstood and often not spoken of, and as a criminal justice worker myself, it is very interesting to me to learn more about crimes, especially finding out more about crimes among female offenders’ because most of the time, we hear about crimes and the majority of the offenders are males. Therefore, I believe that it is important to find out more about crimes on the women's side and see what it is like and how they differ from the men. Unlike male offenders, female offenders have a different background in committing crimes. For instance, …
Native Americans And The Criminal Justice System, Kenneth Foster
Native Americans And The Criminal Justice System, Kenneth Foster
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
How does Native American culture affect policing and victim services? There are many contributors, including awareness and past traumas such as historical oppression and forced removal from homelands. Even though the people responsible for those actions are not around today, mistrust is still prevalent in the community. Ethical considerations must be incorporated into practice to bridge the gap with the shortcomings in the Native American community, such as trust, policing, and victim services. This is done by implementing utilitarianism, deontology, and administrative oversight. The inception of the Tribal Police is unique, as it started in 1800 and grew into modern-day …
Is A Rainbow Pink Or Blue? Creating Jail Policies For Transgender Inmates, Hunter Schultz
Is A Rainbow Pink Or Blue? Creating Jail Policies For Transgender Inmates, Hunter Schultz
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The United States prison system functions on a binary of male and female inmates. Transgender, non-binary, gender non-conforming, and intersex individuals challenge the limits of these systems and their policies. This paper addresses how to create policy for transgender individuals and what the policies should include. The best practice for creating policies involves basing them in solid ethics. Looking at different ethical theories will help solve ethical dilemmas involving housing, searching, and other policies for transgender and gender non-conforming inmates. To ensure that policies coincide with the law, an examination of case law provides the legal background for these policies. …
Combating Recidivism, Lamichael Shead
Combating Recidivism, Lamichael Shead
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
There is no single solution to the problem of recidivism amongst citizens with sex offense convictions, but it is safe to assume if more focus and awareness was put on the issue, then multiple solutions would start to align with bringing attention to the issue. Ideas such as incorporating new specialty units within police departments that address the rehabilitation of citizens with prior sex offenses or having officers and those within the criminal justice system take a long look in the mirror and evaluate themselves to see what they can personally do better to combat the issue, is a great …
Mental Health In Prison, Shatera Brown
Mental Health In Prison, Shatera Brown
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Disparities in healthcare include but are not limited to race, religion, socioeconomic status, mental health, and geographic location to just name a few. Persons with mental health concerns are at the top of this list. With no accommodating solutions other medications that are not upkept, this percentage of people result in indefinite incarceration in our jail/prison systems.
Parental Incarceration And The Costly Effects On Their Children, Briana Rae Zocher
Parental Incarceration And The Costly Effects On Their Children, Briana Rae Zocher
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The purpose of this project is to bring awareness to the silent victims associated with parental incarceration – their children. Throughout this project, the focus will be aimed towards promoting the education of the effects of parental incarceration and the impact it has on their children in a variety of compacities and how those settings influence incarceration amongst children of incarcerated parents. In addition, this paper will discuss parental incarceration in three different lens views: administrative, ethical, and legal. First, the administrative lens pertaining to leadership and evolution to successful leadership, especially the critical component of crisis communication strategy. Second, …
Ex-Felon - The Un-Spoken And Un-Counted, Jeanetta Lindo
Ex-Felon - The Un-Spoken And Un-Counted, Jeanetta Lindo
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Felon disenfranchisement in Florida. This article needs to be updated. In the U.S. state of Florida, people convicted of a felony lose their right to vote during their incarceration. Before January 8, 2019, felons effectively lost their right to vote for life, as it could only be restored by the governor's action, which rarely occurred.
The Scope Of The Death Penalty, Austin Bullock
The Scope Of The Death Penalty, Austin Bullock
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The problem I will explore in my paper is the death penalty’s role in the criminal justice system and the feasibility of it as a solution versus the current alternative of lifetime prison sentences. I will also address subtopics that fuel the death penalty versus life imprisonment debate including the effectiveness on recidivism and ethical considerations.
Implementing A Personal Wellness Program For Law Enforcement, Lee Schroeder
Implementing A Personal Wellness Program For Law Enforcement, Lee Schroeder
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Law enforcement is trained to handle any and every situation they may encounter when patrolling the streets. From civil cases, domestic, de-escalation, going hands-on with subjects, to having individuals at gunpoint. Law enforcement is in an occupation that can go from 0-100mph in a matter of seconds. With all the training that can make the outcomes more desirable, one aspect has been on the afterburner that is almost as important as other training. With the staggering statistic regarding law enforcement officers committing suicide, it would make sense that law enforcement should be given more training on coping abilities and even …
De-Escalation: A Necessity For The Survival Of Law Enforcement, James Ross
De-Escalation: A Necessity For The Survival Of Law Enforcement, James Ross
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
The topic of de-escalation has gained a great deal of attention in recent years due to a high number of high-profile tragic events that involved great bodily harm or the use of deadly force. De-escalation tactics are nonphysical skills used to prevent a potentially dangerous situation from escalating into a physical confrontation. There is no shortage of news stories highlighting the conflict between law enforcement officers, law enforcement agencies, and the general public. Many times, conflict can be eliminated or reduced by breaking down barriers that may exist between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Many agencies have …
First Responder Mental Health, Ryan Malcolm
First Responder Mental Health, Ryan Malcolm
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Over the past several years, there has been a drastic change in the training and response for police officers responding to mental health related calls. Recently, there is also a growing focus on responding to the mental health of police officers. Reported police officer suicides are increasing at a drastic rate, with jumping from 172 in 2018 to 228 in 2019. While this does not necessarily mean the rates of officer suicides are rising, the number of reported suicides is and attention is growing. Due to the inherit traumatic nature of the job, police officers are more susceptible to Post …
Tasers And Use Of Force: Hitting A Moving Target, Michael A. Keeley
Tasers And Use Of Force: Hitting A Moving Target, Michael A. Keeley
Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership
Law enforcement officers experience dynamic and sometimes dangerous encounters while performing their duties. To combat this, society gives them the authority to use reasonable force to accomplish their lawful objectives and law enforcement agencies provide them the tools and the training to effectively manage the incident. The use of force by law enforcement officers is guided by factors locally, state-wide, and nationally through policy, statute, and regulation. Law enforcement administrations have an impact on the use of force by an organization’s members through formal means such as policy, and informal means such as organizational culture. Administrative views are guided by …