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Full-Text Articles in Legal Studies

Pesach N. Rubenstein Cheats The Hangman: A Case Study Of Punishment And The Death Penalty At Brooklyn’S Raymond Street Jail, Philip M. Stinson Jan 2010

Pesach N. Rubenstein Cheats The Hangman: A Case Study Of Punishment And The Death Penalty At Brooklyn’S Raymond Street Jail, Philip M. Stinson

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

This paper tells the story of Pesach Rubenstein and how he cheated the hangman in 1876. Rubenstein was charged, tried, and convicted in Kings County, New York, for the 1875 murder of his 19 year-old cousin, Sarah Alexander. The Rubenstein case is noteworthy in that it received unprecedented media attention in the 1870s, involved the use of rudimentary forensic evidence at the trial, and divided the community on issues of religion, ethnicity, immigration (the victim and defendant were recent Jewish immigrants from Poland), and imposition of the death penalty. Using a case study approach to analyze the trial transcript, newspaper …

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Practitioner Perceptions Of Juvenile Transfer In Pennsylvania, David Myers, Daniel Lee, Dennis Giever, Jay Gilliam Jan 2010

Practitioner Perceptions Of Juvenile Transfer In Pennsylvania, David Myers, Daniel Lee, Dennis Giever, Jay Gilliam

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Consistent with virtually all other states in the nation, in the mid-1990s legislation was enacted in Pennsylvania to address increasing concerns about serious and violent juvenile offending. This legislation included provisions for facilitating the transfer of violent juvenile offenders to adult criminal court. The current study examines contemporary practitioner perceptions of juvenile transfer to adult court, with regard to the number of juveniles transferred, the effectiveness of this practice, and the appropriate minimum age for transfer to occur. Utilizing statewide survey data, comparisons are made between juvenile court judges, probation officers, prosecutors, and public defenders, and other predictors are assessed. …

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Ua12/8 Wku Police - Campus Security Report, 2008, Wku Police Jan 2010

Ua12/8 Wku Police - Campus Security Report, 2008, Wku Police

WKU Administration Documents

This report is designed to provide students, potential students, parents, facility and staff with crime statistics and information on university services and crime prevention programs. These programs are designed to help inform our campus communities about safety practices that will help you reduce the risk of being a crime victim. I feel hat these lessons can give people information that they can carry with them beyond college and will help keep them safe for the rest of their lives.

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The Torture Of Alleged Terrorists Necessary For Public Safety Or A Criminal Act?, Michaela Clark Jan 2010

The Torture Of Alleged Terrorists Necessary For Public Safety Or A Criminal Act?, Michaela Clark

Undergraduate Review

Torture is defined in a variety of ways by many different sources. According to the World Medical Association’s (WMA) Declaration of Tokyo, torture is defined as, “the deliberate, systematic, or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more people acting alone or on the orders of any authority, to force another person to yield information, to make a confession, or for any other reason.” The Declaration of Tokyo was passed in 1975 and updated many times, most recently in 2006. This is a landmark document that has been used as a model for other medical statutes. The …

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The Myth Of The Female Sex Offender, Chelsea Horrocks Jan 2010

The Myth Of The Female Sex Offender, Chelsea Horrocks

Undergraduate Review

More than 300,000 women and nearly 100,000 men were forcibly raped in 1995 (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2006). The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey, the last nationwide survey on rape, which had 8,000 male and 8,000 female participants, found that one of every six women and one of every thirty-three men is raped at some point in their lifetime. Thirty-two percent of the women and sixteen percent of the men were injured during their rape. In another nationwide telephone survey, twenty-two percent of 3,000 adults reported being sexually abused (Vandiver, 2002).

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A Review Of Rape Statistics, Theories, And Policy, Gary Lowell Jan 2010

A Review Of Rape Statistics, Theories, And Policy, Gary Lowell

Undergraduate Review

Rape is defined in the laws of Massachusetts as “[s]exual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse by a person with another person who is compelled to submit by force and against his will or by threat of bodily injury” (Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 277, § 39, 2009). Although traditional definitions of rape have been that only a female can be raped and only a male can rape, “courts have held that the rape statutes in their jurisdictions are gender-neutral and apply equally to perpetrators of either sex” (Lynton, 1995). Still, since male on female rape is more prevalent (see Gonzales, …

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A Moral Investigation Of Torture In The Post 9.11 World, Joe Moloney Jan 2010

A Moral Investigation Of Torture In The Post 9.11 World, Joe Moloney

Undergraduate Review

The field of philosophy is unique, as it allows one to logically examine issues in all disciplines, from science to politics to art. One further important discipline that philosophy examines is criminal justice. In this respect, one approach philosophy can take when examining criminal justice is to assess each issue by questioning its morality—that is, whether an action within the issue is right or wrong based upon a system of ethics. This approach concerns the subfield of philosophy known as ethics, a subfield that includes questions concerning what is morally good and morally bad. When one is faced with an …

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Ua12/8 Wku Police - Campus Security Report, 2009, Wku Police Jan 2010

Ua12/8 Wku Police - Campus Security Report, 2009, Wku Police

WKU Administration Documents

This report is designed to provide students, potential students, parents, facility and staff with crime statistics and information on university services and crime prevention programs. These programs are designed to help inform our campus communities about safety practices that will help you reduce the risk of being a crime victim. I feel that these lessons can give people information that they can carry with them beyond college and will help keep them safe for the rest of their lives.

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Determining The Presence Of An Ignitable Liquid Residue In Fire Debris Samples Utilizing Target Factor Analysis, Kelly Mchugh Jan 2010

Determining The Presence Of An Ignitable Liquid Residue In Fire Debris Samples Utilizing Target Factor Analysis, Kelly Mchugh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Current fire debris analysis procedure involves using the chromatographic patterns of total ion chromatograms, extracted ion chromatograms, and target compound analysis to identify an ignitable liquid according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1618 standard method. Classifying the ignitable liquid is accomplished by a visual comparison of chromatographic data obtained from any extracted ignitable liquid residue in the debris to the chromatograms of ignitable liquids in a database, i.e. by visual pattern recognition. Pattern recognition proves time consuming and introduces potential for human error. One particularly difficult aspect of fire debris analysis is recognizing an ignitable …

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Black Writing Ink Analysis By Direct Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy, Christopher M. Moody Jan 2010

Black Writing Ink Analysis By Direct Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy, Christopher M. Moody

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An optimized method of extraction, an instrumental analysis method and data analysis was proposed for black writing inks based on direct infusion electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The sampling and analysis method is both minimally destructive and able to assess differences in inks from a reference collection of thirty ballpoint, gel, and rollerball inks. The methanol extracts of ink on paper samples were analyzed with three direct infusion (ESI-MS) methods. Each method varied scan voltage negative and positive, ESI fragmentor applied voltage (+120V, +0V, and -120V), and mobile phase additive. Direct infusion ESI-MS analysis, followed by pair-wise comparisons of the observed ion …

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Bad Moon On The Rise? Lunar Cycles And Incidents Of Crime, Joseph A. Schafer, Sean P. Varano, John P. Jarvis, Jeffrey M. Cancino Jan 2010

Bad Moon On The Rise? Lunar Cycles And Incidents Of Crime, Joseph A. Schafer, Sean P. Varano, John P. Jarvis, Jeffrey M. Cancino

Justice Studies Faculty Publications

Popular cultures in Western societies have long espoused the notion that phases of the moon influence human behavior. In particular, there is a common belief the full moon increases incidents of aberrant, deviant, and criminal behavior. Using police, astronomical, and weather data from a major southwestern American city, this study assessed whether lunar cycles related with rates of reported crime. The findings fail to support popular lore, which has suggested that lunar phase influenced the volume of crime reported to the police. Future research directions examining qualitative rather than quantitative aspects of this problem may yield further inform the understanding …

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A Tale Of Three Cities: Crime And Displacement After Hurricane Katrina, Sean P. Varano, Joseph A. Schafer, Jeffrey M. Cancino, Scott H. Decker, Jack R. Greene Jan 2010

A Tale Of Three Cities: Crime And Displacement After Hurricane Katrina, Sean P. Varano, Joseph A. Schafer, Jeffrey M. Cancino, Scott H. Decker, Jack R. Greene

Justice Studies Faculty Publications

When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans in August 2005, it greatly disrupted both the physical and social structures of that community. One consequence of the hurricane was the displacement of large numbers of New Orleans residents to other cities, including Houston, San Antonio, and Phoenix. There has been media speculation that such a grand-scale population displacement led to increased crime in communities that were recipient of large numbers of displaced New Orleans residents. This study was a case study of three cities with somewhat different experiences with Katrina's diaspora. Time series analysis was used to examine the pre- and post-Katrina …

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Guantanamo Bay Just Preventative Detention Of Terrorist Or A Fundamental Violation Of Due Process?, Michelle Cubellis Jan 2010

Guantanamo Bay Just Preventative Detention Of Terrorist Or A Fundamental Violation Of Due Process?, Michelle Cubellis

Undergraduate Review

In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, in October of 2001, the Bush Administration launched the “War on Terror,” an attempt to eliminate all terrorist threats to the United States. As part of this war, the Bush Administration began detaining individuals it believed were linked to terrorism. Instead of capturing these individuals giving them a trial to determine whether they were guilty or innocent, and either sentencing them or releasing them, the Bush Administration detained these individuals at Guantanamo. They were held without due process and without access to federal courts. The Bush Administration repeatedly claimed that is was …

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The Relationship Between Race And Suicide Ideation In Delinquent Females In The Texas Juvenile Justice System, Scott H. Belshaw, John Rodriquez Jan 2010

The Relationship Between Race And Suicide Ideation In Delinquent Females In The Texas Juvenile Justice System, Scott H. Belshaw, John Rodriquez

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) reported that suicide is the second leading cause of death among people between the ages of 14 to 25 in the United States. This research examined the effect race has on suicidal ideation among a cohort of delinquent girls in Texas. This study examined 2004 data provided by the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission on referrals to the juvenile justice system in Texas (N = 6850). Other variables such as age, family structure, and sexual abuse were also examined to determine the strength and effect that sexual abuse has on a juvenile becoming suicidal. …

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Analysis Of Gender Responsiveness And Cultural Responsiveness, Barbara Carson, Kimberly Greer Jan 2010

Analysis Of Gender Responsiveness And Cultural Responsiveness, Barbara Carson, Kimberly Greer

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

The theories of gender responsive programming in corrections have focused on the importance of relationships, gender roles, and structural barriers for women (Bloom, Owen, & Covington, 2003). They also included a strong recommendation for cultural responsiveness in recognizing cultural differences among female offenders and providing culturally relevant services (Bloom et al., 2003). However, there was little theoretical or empirical guidance on how to respond when the goals of gender responsive programming conflicted with the culture of female offenders. Findings from a program evaluation of a small, gang intervention program working with Hmong American girls, suggested that in such conflicts, cultural …

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Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi Jan 2010

Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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The Mediated Body As The Site For Contested Agencies: Ms-13 As A Case Study, Heather Pruss Jan 2010

The Mediated Body As The Site For Contested Agencies: Ms-13 As A Case Study, Heather Pruss

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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The Symbolic Capital Of Capital Punishment: A Scholarly Reflection, Jennifer Grimes Jan 2010

The Symbolic Capital Of Capital Punishment: A Scholarly Reflection, Jennifer Grimes

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Epidemiological Criminology (Epicrim): Definition And Application, Mark M. Lanie Jan 2010

Epidemiological Criminology (Epicrim): Definition And Application, Mark M. Lanie

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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The Emergence Of Habitual Criminals In 19th Century Britain: Implications For Criminology, George Pavlich Jan 2010

The Emergence Of Habitual Criminals In 19th Century Britain: Implications For Criminology, George Pavlich

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Surveying History At The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, Richard Ashby Wilson, Ahmad Wais Wardak, Andrew Corin Jan 2010

Surveying History At The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, Richard Ashby Wilson, Ahmad Wais Wardak, Andrew Corin

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

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Multijurisdictional Adr Practice: Lessons For Litigators, Kristen M. Blankley, Emily E. Root, John Minter Jan 2010

Multijurisdictional Adr Practice: Lessons For Litigators, Kristen M. Blankley, Emily E. Root, John Minter

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

As everything else in life has become more global, so has the practice of law. Lawyers commonly have clients and conduct work in states other than the ones in which they reside and are licensed. Transactional lawyers commonly work for clients in different states or put together deals that close in states other than the ones in which they are licensed. Litigators, too, often have clients in other states, participate in court proceedings in other states, and engage in both formal and informal discovery in other states. The work of the litigator poses even more questions if that litigator is …

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Salvia Divinorum: Patterns Of Use, Christie Bowles Jan 2010

Salvia Divinorum: Patterns Of Use, Christie Bowles

Undergraduate Review

This study focuses on 13 salvia divinorum users, specifically seeking to understand the social, situational, and individual factors influencing their decision to use. Through semi-structured, in depth interviews, patterns such as the methods of use, settings of use, other frequently used drugs, and persistence or desistance of use are explored. Currently, there is limited research on salvia or the people who use this drug, and without this substantial research, the most effective way to address salvia use will remain unknown.

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Generating System Requirements For A Mobile Digital Evidence Collection System: A Preliminary Step Towards Enhancing The Forensic Collection Of Digital Devices, Ibrahim Baggili Jan 2010

Generating System Requirements For A Mobile Digital Evidence Collection System: A Preliminary Step Towards Enhancing The Forensic Collection Of Digital Devices, Ibrahim Baggili

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Collecting digital devices in a forensically sound manner is becoming more critical since 80% of all cases have some sort of digital evidence involved in them (Rogers, 2006, p. 1) .The process of documenting and tagging digital devices is cumbersome and involves details that might not apply to other types of evidence, since each evidence item has unique physical characteristics (Hesitis & Wilbon, 2005, p. 17). The process becomes less manageable when a large number of digital devices are seized. This paper examines the information and issues investigators should be aware of when collecting digital devices at crime scenes. Furthermore, …

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The Applicability Of Agnew’S General Theory Of Crime And Delinquency To Recent Juvenile Gang Membership In Houston, Marika Dawkins, Camille Gibson Jan 2010

The Applicability Of Agnew’S General Theory Of Crime And Delinquency To Recent Juvenile Gang Membership In Houston, Marika Dawkins, Camille Gibson

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

This qualitative descriptive study used Agnew's general strain theory of crime and delinquency as lens through which to interpret the recent developments of juvenile gangs and gang-related activities in Houston, Texas. Agnew strain theory's main prepositions describe: 1) an inability to achieve goals that are valued positively, 2) an absence of positive goals, and 3) a presence of negativity or crime. These were assessed in terms of applicability to joining gangs in Houston. Data were collected by unstructured interviews of city employees who respond to Houston's gangs (e.g., Mayor' Anti-Gang Office staff and Houston Police Department officers), area observations, and …

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Same Bang, Less Buck: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of South Carolina’S Youth Courts, Holly Miller, J Mitchell Miller Jan 2010

Same Bang, Less Buck: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of South Carolina’S Youth Courts, Holly Miller, J Mitchell Miller

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

While youth courts experience tremendous growth nationwide, their utility is largely unproven, particularly in state-level contexts. This study conducted a cost-benefit analysis of South Carolina's youth courts. The study found that while youth courts and family courts produced comparable recidivism rates, youth courts were substantially less expensive for comparable adjudications. The relative efficiency of youth courts, however, was neither monolithic nor guaranteed. Individual youth courts displayed considerable variation and some youth courts were not as efficient as their traditional family court counterparts. Inefficient youth courts had low caseloads, typically resulting from inefficient or immature referral systems and a reliance on …

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Africentrism And Africentric Rituals: Their Role In Jamaican Male Motivation To Pursue Higher Education, Totlyn A. Oliver Jan 2010

Africentrism And Africentric Rituals: Their Role In Jamaican Male Motivation To Pursue Higher Education, Totlyn A. Oliver

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

This academic research presents the case for Africentrism and its attendant rituals for the African Diaspora to aid in the motivation and inspiration factor in the male's choice to pursue higher education in Jamaica. The paper discussed Africentric rites of passage against the background of pre-emancipation and post-emancipation education in Jamaica. It also analyzed the current educational system for male nationals along with the implications for applying Africentrism to theories and practice of education for male stu-dents. The major concern precipitating this study was the low levels of male enrolment in institutions of higher learning, as the female population far …

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The View Behind Rubber Bars: An Analysis And Examination Of Faith And Non-Faith Jail Reentry Programs In Central Florida, Gautam Nayer Jan 2010

The View Behind Rubber Bars: An Analysis And Examination Of Faith And Non-Faith Jail Reentry Programs In Central Florida, Gautam Nayer

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

This paper examined the usefulness of jail reentry programs as an alternative towards increased jail and prison costs. Policy issues for returning inmates could and often did include future employment prospects, housing and public safety. Prisoner reentry programs generally fell into two broad categories; faith and non-faith based. Generally, non-faith programs were conducted in jail or prison while the individual was incarcerated for an extended period of time.Non-faith type programs involved classes on anger management, G.E.D. attainment, college credits, or alcohol or drug abuse therapy. Faith based programs were generally Christian based, although they usually did not discriminate against other …

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Incarcerated Adults Sentenced In Adult Criminal Court While Juveniles: Knowledge, Understanding, And Perceptions Of Their Sentences, Karen Miner-Romanoff Jan 2010

Incarcerated Adults Sentenced In Adult Criminal Court While Juveniles: Knowledge, Understanding, And Perceptions Of Their Sentences, Karen Miner-Romanoff

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An estimated 200,000 juveniles are tried as adults yearly and receive punitive sentences intended to deter juvenile crime and increase public safety. Few qualitative studies on juveniles sentenced as adults and contradictory results indicate a need for further research. This study used a qualitative, phenomenological interpretive design, with the conceptual frameworks of general and specific deterrence and rational choice theories. In-depth interviews took place with 12 incarcerated adults serving sentences (24--540 months) for juvenile crimes. The research questions explored their knowledge of transfer laws and adult sentencing and perceptions of deterrence from future criminal activity. Coding of transcripts and audio …

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No Adult Left Behind: An Examination Of The Perception Of Parolees Toward The Ged And Its Possible Impact On Recidivism, Elisa Louise Bircher Jan 2010

No Adult Left Behind: An Examination Of The Perception Of Parolees Toward The Ged And Its Possible Impact On Recidivism, Elisa Louise Bircher

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of offenders toward a general education degree. The data is compiled using a 27-question survey of offenders currently on parole and reporting to the Fort Worth II District Parole Office in Fort Worth, Texas. The research found that there are statistically significant differences between offenders who are on parole for the first time and those who have been on parole more than once. In general, offenders who have been on parole more than once perceive that acquiring a general education degree while they are incarcerated is more important than those …

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