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ปัญหาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศ: มองผ่านภาวะผู้นำทหารในการยุติการสู้รบบ้านร่มเกล้า-บ่อแตน, พยัญชน์ เอี่ยมศิลป์

Journal of Social Sciences

บทความชิ้นนี้ค้นคว้าเกี่ยวกับการเจรจาโดยผู้นำลาวระดับสูงกับ จปร.7 ซึ่งในกรณีนี้มี พลเอก  ชวลิต ยงใจยุทธ ทำหน้าที่ประสานความสัมพันธ์กับเจ้าสุภานุวงศ์ สู่ข้อตกลงหยุดยิง เมื่อวันที่ 19 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2531 การศึกษาพบว่าปัญหาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศระหว่างไทย-ลาว ในกรณีศึกษานี้มีที่มาจากปัญหาดังนี้ 1. ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศไทยกับประเทศลาวและการเมืองภายในไทยและลาว 2. เศรษฐกิจชายแดนที่มีการทำสัมปทานไม้โดยบริษัทไทย 3. สนธิสัญญาไม่เสมอภาค ซึ่งต้องร่วมกันแก้ไข 4.  สงครามเย็นเริ่มส่อเค้าว่าจะสิ้นสุด ซึ่งจะส่งผลให้มีการเปลี่ยนขั้วการเมืองระหว่างประเทศตามมา 5. ยุทธศาสตร์ทางทหารต่อ อดีต ผ.ก.ค. “หมู่บ้านจัดตั้งฯ” 6. ตัวแสดง “สงครามสามหมู่บ้าน” เข้ามามีบทบาทซ้ำใน “บ้านร่มเกล้า” 7. ผลการสืบสิทธิ์ ตีความสนธิสัญญาไทย-ฝรั่งเศส ค.ศ. 1907 การตีความแผนที่ตามสนธิสัญญาสยาม-ฝรั่งเศส ค.ศ. 1907 ที่แตกต่างกับปัจจุบัน

อิสลามการเมืองในมาเลเซีย, สามารถ ทองเฝือ

Journal of Social Sciences

บทความวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาพัฒนาการของอิสลามการเมืองในมาเลเซียและศึกษาถึงผลกระทบจากการใช้อิสลามการเมืองในประเทศมาเลเซียต่อการกำหนดทิศทางการวางรากฐานทางการเมืองโดยยึดแนวทางอิสลาม โดยได้ทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลบนสมมติฐานที่ว่าศาสนาอิสลามและแนวคิดอิสลามนั้นมีอิทธิพลต่อพัฒนาการด้านการเมืองในมาเลเซียหลังได้รับเอกราชอย่างไร ปัจจัยภายนอกอย่างสภาวการณ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงของโลกมุสลิมจากภูมิภาคอื่น ๆ นั้นส่งผลต่อการเป็นอิสลามการเมืองในมาเลเซียอย่างไร ตลอดจนมีการนำอิสลามมาบูรณาการปรับใช้อย่างไรในบริบททางการเมืองและเหตุการณ์ในแต่ละยุคสมัย ผลการวิจัยพบว่ามาเลเซียได้นำเอาอิสลามเข้ามามีส่วนกำหนดอนาคตของประเทศและอัตลักษณ์ของชาติ เพื่อสร้างพลังทางการเมืองที่เข้มแข็ง ทั้งนี้มาเลเซียยังได้ใช้สถานะความเป็นรัฐมุสลิมที่ใช้กฎหมายชารีอะห์และความเป็นหนึ่งเดียวของประชาชาติมุสลิมในการเมืองระหว่างประเทศ เพื่อช่วยเหลือและแก้ไขปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นต่อโลกมุสลิมจนได้รับความไว้เนื้อเชื่อใจจากนานาประเทศและถือเป็นการสร้างเกียรติแก่ประเทศชาติ ถือเป็นความสำเร็จของมาเลเซียที่ได้นำเอาอิสลามมาใช้ในทางการเมืองการปกครองนับตั้งแต่ได้รับเอกราช

Node : หน่วยประสานเครือข่ายงานด้านการพัฒนาสังคมในมุมมองทฤษฎีเครือข่าย-ผู้กระทำการ, สมพงษ์ จิตระดับ, นวพร สุนันท์ลิกานนท์

Journal of Social Sciences

บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่ออรรถาธิบายความเป็นมาของ node หน่วยประสานเครือข่ายงานด้านการพัฒนาสังคมในประเทศไทยและอภิปรายใน 3 ประเด็น คือ 1. บทบาทและรูปแบบการทำงาน 2. องค์ประกอบด้านคุณลักษณะของ node ประกอบด้วยคุณลักษณะด้านความรู้ ทักษะ และเจตคติต่อการทำงานพัฒนาสังคม และ 3. ความสัมพันธ์ของ node กับงานพัฒนาสังคมตามทฤษฎีเครือข่าย-ผู้กระทำการ ผลการถอดบทเรียนการทำงานของหน่วยปฏิบัติการวิจัยเพื่อการพัฒนาด้านเด็กและเยาวชน พบว่า 1. node มีบทบาทเป็นผู้สร้างการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสังคมโดยมีรูปแบบการทำงานแบบประสานความร่วมมือกับองค์กรทางสังคม 2. node ต้องมีคุณลักษณะด้านความรู้ที่หลากหลายทั้งกว้างและลึกเชิงประเด็น มีทักษะการสื่อสารเพื่อสร้างพื้นที่การมีส่วนร่วม และมีอุดมการณ์ในการทำงานเพื่อส่งเสริมสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติภาพ และ 3. ความสัมพันธ์สัมพัทธ์ตามแนวคิดทฤษฎีเครือข่าย-ผู้กระทำการที่ node สร้างผ่านการทำงานพัฒนาสังคมทำให้เกิดปฏิสัมพันธ์ข้ามองค์กรและสานเครือข่ายงานด้านการพัฒนาสังคมให้ขยายออกไปในแนวระนาบจนเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ยั่งยืนในระดับปัจเจกชน พื้นที่ ตลอดจนโครงสร้างทางสังคม

Life Without Parole Sentencing In North Carolina, Brandon L. Garrett, Travis M. Seale-Carlisle, Karima Modjadidi, Kristen M. Renberg

Faculty Scholarship

What explains the puzzle of life without parole (LWOP) sentencing in the United States? In the past two decades, LWOP sentences have reached record highs, with over 50,000 prisoners serving LWOP. Yet during this same period, homicide rates have steadily declined. The U.S. Supreme Court has limited the use of juvenile LWOP in Eighth Amendment rulings. Further, death sentences have steeply declined, reaching record lows. Although research has examined drivers of incarceration patterns for certain sentences, there has been little research on LWOP imposition. To shed light on what might explain the sudden rise of LWOP, we examine characteristics of …

Murders In The German Sex Trade: 1920 To 2017, Manuela Schon, Anna Hoheide

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This research report is the result of collecting and evaluating data on cases of homicides and attempted homicides in the German sex trade from 1920-2017. The findings show violence against prostituted women and the attitudes of the sex buyers who commit most of the violent acts against the women. The report discusses the media coverage of murder cases, complication of cases, and a critique of methods of criminal evaluation by the police. From 1920 to 2017, 272 victims of murder and attempted murder were identified. Liberalization of prostitution occurred in 2002. From then until 2017, there is a decrease in …

Should Private Prisons In The U.S. Be Abolished, Nancy Anzalone

Theses & Dissertations

Private prisons were established as a possible solution to alleviate the serious overcrowding issue affecting prisons during the 1980’s. This thesis supports the reasoning behind why private prisons should be abolished as they did not deliver on the claims made in support of their existence but rather, reveals the multitude of negative repercussions when the financial interests of a few large and powerful private corporations override the basic safety and security of our prison system. The studies contained in this thesis attempt to reveal that the data meant to support private prisons is not only inadequate, but often, inaccurately depicted …

(Un)Qualified Immunity: An Analysis On Qualified Immunity And Civilian Sentiments, Guy Hodge Ii

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Recent events involving the deaths of unarmed, African American citizens have brought forth an increased attention to the application of qualified immunity to law enforcement. This study aims to gain a civilian perspective on qualified immunity. Qualified immunity, as defined by the Supreme Court case Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982), grants government officials performing discretionary functions immunity from civil suits unless the plaintiff shows that the official violated “clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” Through a national-level survey, this study captures an overall favorability of qualified immunity as well as …

Systemic, Racial Justice-Informed Solutions To Shift "Care" From The Criminal Legal System To The Mental Health Care System, Sarah Vinson, Andrea L. Dennis

Scholarly Works

The current configuration and function of U.S. societal structures drives the overrepresentation of people with serious mental illness in the criminal legal system. Although the causes are multifactorial, the mental health system poorly serves those at highest risk of criminal legal system involvement. The growth of the mental health evidence base regarding the social determinants of mental health has ushered in greater understanding of their central role in the promotion and maintenance of mental illness and health. These academic strides, however, have failed to translate into widespread care and payment policy changes. Additionally, as is the case in the criminal …

The Characteristics And Effectiveness Of Treatment For Young Sex Offenders In Australia And New Zealand: A Systematic Review, James Finney

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Sexual offending by young people presents a serious and devastating issue effecting victims, families, and wider society. This has led investigative efforts to understand the efficacy of treatment programs to cease or at minimum reduce sexual recidivism. Evaluations examining treatment efficacy have predominately been conducted in the United States and Canada, with limited research focused exclusively on young sex offenders in Australia and New Zealand. To address the paucity of information, a systematic review of young sex offender treatment research in Australia and New Zealand was conducted. The systematic review employed a comprehensive search strategy and rigorous vetting procedure, which …

Exploring The Relationship Between Anger, Aggression, And Perpetrator Substance Use In The Commission Of Sexual Offenses, Dominique Rivera

Student Theses

This study examined the potential association between perpetrator substance use, anger, and aggressive behavior in the commission of sexual crimes. The sample included 246 adult males convicted of rape (n = 54) or child molestation (n = 192). Descriptive statistics revealed that 64.6% of the individuals in this sample (n = 159) were intoxicated at the time of the offense. Results showed that perpetrators who used substances at the time of the offense were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior toward the victim (e.g., weapon use, verbal abuse) than those who did not. Offenders with higher pervasive anger scores were …

Seeking Clemency: A Profile On Jacob Rouse, Jocelyn A. Contreras, Sarah Gabrielli

Capstones

Jacob Rouse was 18 years old when he drove the getaway car that would define the rest of his life. He sat in his blue Ford Taurus, waiting to drive his three friends away from the scene of a robbery in Rochester, New York. Jacob was parked about a block away when one of his accomplices shot and killed 22-year-old Herschel Scriven, a local youth pastor and church organist.

He is now seeking clemency.

Seeing And Responding: How Students Perceive School Personnel To Fail To Respond To Bullying, Ethan M. Higgins, Benjamin W. Fisher, Maury Nation

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Although research has shown that students and school personnel believe that adults respond to bullying at different rates, it is unclear why these differences occur. Using open-ended survey responses from 189 students, this study investigates why students perceive that school personnel fail to respond to bullying. Students articulated a variety of reasons for school personnel’s lack of response, including ways in which they could fail to see, notice, or respond to the bullying. In turn, students used their agency to understand and counteract school personnel’s lack of response. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed."

Disparity In Context: Judges’ Perspectives On Disparities In A Sentencing Guideline System, Justin M. Smith

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Unwarranted disparity in sentencing continues to be a problem in criminal courts. Sentencing, a final step in the multi-stage process of criminal justice, is seen as such an important component of ensuring consistency that legislative policy has created guidelines to control judicial decision-making. Nonetheless, research shows that disparity under sentencing guidelines persists due to influences external to the law - referred to as substantive rationality. Sentencing research overwhelmingly utilizes quantitative analysis of official court data to produce its conclusions about the influences of disparity. The current study builds upon past research by using qualitative analysis of interviews with 20 judges …

Social Exchange And The Formation Of Prison Visitation Communities, Adam Trahan, Douglas Evans

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Family members and significant others of incarcerated individuals suffer when their loved ones are incarcerated. The loss of a parent, sibling, child, spouse, or partner to incarceration can be painful. If they wish to stay physically connected to an incarcerated individual, visitation is their only recourse. Visiting a prison can be costly in terms of the amount of time it takes to travel to the facility, the total expenses incurred during travel, and the socio-emotional effects of limited contact. On top of these costs, visitation can be an intricate process to navigate due to the multitude of facility rules and …

Perceptions Of Rehabilitative Change Among Incarcerated Persons Enrolled In A Prison-Equine Program (Pep), Joyce A. Arditti, Amy A. Morgan, Sara Spiers, Virginia Buechner-Maxwell, Vicky Shivy

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Guided by a grounded theory methodology, the authors propose a theory of rehabilitation for incarcerated persons within a prison equine program (PEP). Interviews with ten incarcerated men yielded a grounded theory of rehabilitative change centered around the importance of relationships with program staff and horses, and the uniqueness of the barn-equine environment in promoting safe attachments and positive views of self. Special emphasis is placed on the development of secure reparative attachments between men and their horses grounded in acceptance and mutual empathy, as well as the development of redemptive identities whereby participants viewed themselves as having purpose and value …

Wildlife Trade And Covid-19: Towards A Criminology Of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover, Piers Beirne Phd

Department of Criminology

The general remit of this paper is the role of wildlife trade in pathogen spillover. Its underlying assumption is that, so far from being the exclusive domain of the life sciences, the study of pathogen spillover will be greatly enhanced by multi-perspectival approaches, including One Health and those employed here, namely, non-speciesist green criminology and critical animal studies. The paper moves from discussions of zoonosis, anthroponosis and wildlife trade to the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The paper recommends the abolition of all wildlife trade and the reclamation of wildlife habitat and broaches discussion of the extension of legal …

Effects Of Eye Imagery On Criminal Justice And Forensic Students Cheating In Online Testing, Kortni Larue

Theses

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a well-established subsection of environmental criminology in which aspects of the environment are altered in order to prevent crimes before they happen. This is primarily accomplished in two ways: physical and psychological. CPTED strategies often utilize both in order to prevent crime, but there is a lack of primarily psychologically based research in circulation. This includes the manipulation of the biopsychological response to gaze detection in order to increase prosocial behavior. Additionally, there is a lack of studies indicating if CPTED strategies are effective in a classroom setting and even less concerning online …

Impact Of Endangered Animal Protection Rights, Policies, And Practices On Zoonotic Disease Spread, Daniella Fedak-Lengel

Honors Projects

Building on field research in Costa Rica and Belize, this honors project analyzes environmental and endangered animal protection policies, rights, and practices in Central America and the Caribbean, and assesses the impact of veterinary science and biological research and practice, particularly conservation biology, on animal welfare concerns. Informed by the recent surge in awareness regarding zoonoses and zoonotic disease transmission, prevention and control, resulting from the current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the project assesses the need for new and innovative types of collaboration, particularly involving conservation biologists, environmental scientists, public health experts, law and policy makers, and global trade and …

Criminal Justice Updates - December 2020, Haley B. Shultz

Criminal Justice Updates

The Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania's courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.

Contents:

• Updates from PA Governor's Office (no updates this month)
• Updates from the PA Legislature (no updates this month)
• Updates from the Courts
• U.S. Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
• PA Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
• PA Superior Court: Criminal Law & Procedure

[Preprint] University Of Missouri-St. Louis Comprehensive Safe Schools Initiative (Umsl Cssi), Finn-Aage Esbensen, Stephanie Wiley, Timothy Mccuddy, Elaine Doherty, Lee Slocum, Terrance Taylor, Kyle Thomas, Matt Vogel

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Works

This resource has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. This resource is being made publically available through the Office of Justice Programs’ National Criminal Justice Reference Service.

Juveniles In The Interrogation Room: Defense Attorneys As A Protective Factor, Caitlin N. August, Kelsey S. Henderson

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

Juveniles are more susceptible in the interrogation room than adults, due to a host of vulnerabilities that put them at risk. Scholars have suggested that requiring the presence of a defense attorney during interrogations can protect juveniles from making an unintelligent waiver; variations of this type of policy have been mandated in some states across the United States (e.g., Illinois and California). The current study takes an exploratory, qualitative approach to examine how defense attorneys may act as a protective factor in the interrogation room. We interviewed 19 juvenile defenders using a semi-structured interview method; questions focused on experiences in …

Judicial Voting In U.S. District Courts Located In The Second And Fifth Circuits In First Amendment Retaliation Cases Involving Law Enforcement Officers, Selena Renee Aguirre

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

This study examined the influence of party affiliation, as measured by the party of the appointing president; legal precedent; judicial circuit (Second or Fifth); race; gender; and prior prosecutorial experience on voting by U.S. District Court judges in First Amendment retaliation cases brought law enforcement officials against their employers. Applying binary logistic regression analyses to a data set comprised of 163 judicial votes with pro-plaintiff and pro-defendant voting serving as the dependent measure, the results indicated that only judges’ party affiliation had a significant effect on voting (Wald= 4.469, 1 df., p= .035) president. There was a .437 decrease in …

An Examination Of School Characteristics, Shooter Characteristics, And Incidental Characteristics Of School Mass Shootings, Amber Elizabeth O'Dell

Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses - Archive

School Mass Shootings (SMS) continue to be an ongoing issue for k-12 schools, technical/vocational schools, and on college campuses in the United States. Recent studies have shown that these crimes are increasing in both frequency and lethality. However, SMS are still considered to be statistically rare events making them difficult to study quantitatively. Many extant studies use an exclusive definition of SMS where an incident must have four or more deaths to be categorized as this type of crime. The present study utilizes an inclusive definition of 2 or more deaths, where every four injuries count as a death in …

Current Sex Offender Laws: Are They Doing More Harm Than Good?, Gail Onderak

Counselor Education Capstones

Public sentiment toward sex offenders is that of hatred, contempt, and fear. These attitudes have led to the creation of sex offender legislation that is exceptionally restrictive and punitive. While best practices and current treatment models call for minimization of risk and maximization of personal fulfillment in order to reduce recidivism, sex offender laws pose as obstacles to these goals. A review of the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) principles and the Good Lives Model (GLM) treatment approach highlights the contrast between intended outcomes of these methods and the challenges that sex offender notification and registration (SORN) and residency restrictions present when trying …

Michigan Sex Offender Registry: Implications And Effects, Heather Damuth

Honors Projects

This paper discusses the Michigan Sex Offender Registry Act (SORA) and the ways that it affects offenders, the public, and society. It also discusses the conveniences and the challenges in relation to the SORA including discussions about public safety, and offender rights. The impacts on offenders, victims, and the general public are also discussed. The research was done through the Grand Valley State University Library, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Michigan Legislation. Sources were examined and combined to form an integrative research paper about the sex offender registry in Michigan.

Vocational And Life Skills Monthly Data Update: December 2020, Uno Nebraska Center For Justice Research, Katelynn Towne

Reports

Grantees use an online data management system to submit data on participants served under their Vocational and Life Skills programming. This data is due monthly and reflects all services provided during the previous month to participants. Evaluators at the Nebraska Center for Justice Research work with grantees directly to manage data entry errors on an ongoing basis during update calls and site visits.

The current data derives from an active database, from which data is being entered and updated daily. Data values, including previously submitted information, may fluctuate depending on the duration of lag between service delivery and data entry. …

Vocational And Life Skills Quarterly Report: Grant Cycle 4 Quarter 2 October-December 2020, Uno Nebraska Center For Justice Research, Katelynn Towne, Michael Campagna

Reports

This report presents quarterly data and evaluation updates for the Vocational and Life Skills Program (VLS) through Quarter Two of Grant Cycle Four. VLS was created by Nebraska Legislative Bill 907 in 2014 with the purpose of reducing recidivism and increasing meaningful employment for individuals convicted of a crime in Nebraska. The report contains 1) descriptions of the eight funded organizations across the state, 2) a snapshot of participation, 3) demographics of the participants, and 4) participation breakdowns and descriptions of the skills participants are gaining through VLS programming.

The VLS initiative is evaluated by the Nebraska Center for Justice …

"If Consent Is Bought, It Is Not Freely Chosen": Compromised Consent In Prostituted Sex In Ireland, Ivana Bacik

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This article offers feminist arguments for the reconsideration of consent as a legal concept, informed by insights gained through the work of the #MeToo movement and other feminist campaigns. It suggests that consent may be seen as legally compromised in certain contexts of structured gender inequality, such as domestic violence, workplace sexual harassment, and prostitution. The legal understanding of consent in such contexts is antithetical to the conception of consent as “freely and voluntarily” given within a mutual sexual relationship. This understanding of consent underpins the recent introduction of the Nordic model approach into Irish law through the Criminal Law …

Do Sequential Lineups Impair Underlying Discriminability?, Matthew Kaesler, John C. Dunn, Keith Ransom, Carolyn Semmler

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, The Author(s). Debate regarding the best way to test and measure eyewitness memory has dominated the eyewitness literature for more than 30 years. We argue that resolution of this debate requires the development and application of appropriate measurement models. In this study we developed models of simultaneous and sequential lineup presentations and used these to compare these procedures in terms of underlying discriminability and response bias, thereby testing a key prediction of diagnostic feature detection theory, that underlying discriminability should be greater for simultaneous than for stopping-rule sequential lineups. We fit the models to the corpus of studies …

Evolution Of Confession Law, Madison Macpherson

Senior Honors Theses

Many studies have been conducted to examine how false confessions occur, and what their impacts are. Throughout its history, America has instituted standards for interrogation procedures that are aligned with research findings and that build off constitutional principles. These are designed to protect individual rights while still accomplishing the goals of the judicial system. This paper discusses false confessions, interrogation laws, and how these impact a suspect, as well as the other influences acting upon suspects including plea bargaining and psychological processes. A compilation of research findings and case law culminates in the conclusion that changes must be made to …