Leadership Studies Commons^™

A Different Perspective: Examining Obstacles Faced By Black Clergywomen Through The Lenses Of Critical Race Feminism, Christine R. Rudolph

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

The influence of Black women leaders in this country and throughout the world in corporate, political, educational, and religious settings has existed for years (Allen & Lewis, 2016). The most recent election of both Joe Biden and Kamala Harris is a testament to that as their wins have been largely attributed to the leadership, efforts, and mobilization of Black women. Yet, Black women’s leadership challenges and experiences have remained largely ignored as studies of leadership have typically centered on whites and males. (Allen & Lewis, 2016). Further, despite their contributions, Black women have remained underrepresented in most key leadership positions …

Cultivating Authentic Leaders: Toward Conceptual Coherence And Sustainable Practice, Yoshie Tomozumi Nakamura, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Lori Pyle, Steven E. Grande

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

The purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to better understand the contested construct of authentic leadership and its cultivation and practice. The other is to offer a conceptual framework for practicing sustainable authentic leadership. Based on a review of authentic leadership literature with a focus on its sustainability, we introduce a conceptual framework through a lens of an ecological model to capture the dynamics of individual and systems perspectives. Practicing sustainable authentic leadership is not a simple act; rather authentic leaders need to embrace paradoxes to navigate today’s complex systems and to find new ways to create positive …

Sustaining Ireland, Body And Soul: A Woman Leader's Story Of The Cooperative Movement, Elizabeth Summerfield

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This article tells the story of the Cooperative Movement in Ireland during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the perspective of one of its woman leaders. It does so in order to distil lessons for the contemporary thought leadership of sustainability from a period before the term was coined. It does so with the warrant of Albert Einstein:

The distinction between the past, the present and the future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.

Its evidence base is historical literature, but its argument and analysis draw on recent research in leadership studies, neuroscience and theology.

Anishinaabe Values And Servant Leadership: A Two-Eyed Seeing Approach, Tori Mcmillan

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This meta-synthesis explores the connections between the Mishomis Teachings (also known as the Seven Grandfather Teachings within the Anishinaabe culture) and the principles of Servant Leadership. Through a systematic literature review of methodology and the theoretical frameworks of Two-Eyed Seeing and Ethical Space, The Mishomis Teachings and their connections to Servant Leadership are researched to answer: How is a Two-Eyed Seeing approach to Servant Leadership informed by Anishinaabe Values? The literature reveals significant connections between the Mishomis Teachings and Servant Leadership that provide an Indigenized perspective on values-based leadership practices. The implications of this study highlight a growing need …

Acting On The Pivot Point, Susan Vroman, Tiffany Danko

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

When facing opportunities, effective leaders trod a path that effectively incorporates ethical and empathetic leadership considerations and characteristics to drive change. The actions and impacts of two very different women facing challenges as change moments each tie back to Kouzes and Posner’s traits of exemplary leaders such as model the way and inspire a shared vision (Kouzes & Posner, 2017). Rear Admiral Meredith Austin, United States Coast Guard (retired), and Patricia (Trish) Foster, Executive Director Emeritus of Bentley University’s Center for Women in Business have led transformative changes. Admiral Austin was crucial in coordinating the early-pandemic smooth return of the …

Kailua Canoe Club: A Values-Based Holistic Approach To Leadership, Peggy Peattie, Cristina Padilla, Maile Villablanca

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This qualitative case study of Kailua Canoe Club (KCC) on the island of O’ahu investigated the nature of leadership in a Hawaiian outrigger paddling community. Conversations with paddlers, coaches, and board members revealed a values-based holistic approach to leadership (Best, 2011). Those values were scribed into the club’s mission statement 50 years ago with the intention of establishing KCC as a space to connect with kupuna (respected elder) wisdom, develop paddling skills, and to honor the canoe, the ocean, and each other. A component of leadership kuleana (responsibility) is constant reflection on those values, and the mentoring of the younger …

Ubuntu Leadership – An Explication Of An Afrocentric Leadership Style, Eugene Laloo

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

The development of leadership theories has mostly followed a Western perspective, with non-Western leadership theories often excluded from recorded chronologies of leadership. Ubuntu leadership, a leadership style promoted following South Africa’s first democratic election, is one such leadership theory. While Ubuntu has been an ethnographic philosophy and a long-established part of African cultures, the philosophy gained prominence following eminent South African leaders’ call to bring Ubuntu principles into the national reconstruction and development plan of post-apartheid South Africa. While Ubuntu leadership has since been extensively studied, this leadership theory is still relatively unknown beyond Africa. This paper explains Ubuntu leadership …

Ethical Pluralism: The Decision-Making System Of A Complex World, Clinton P. Unger

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Today's leaders are faced with many different ethical decisions that are further highlighted by social media and a rapid news cycle. It has been established that there is no universal ethical code, nor is there one unified global culture. Leaders must continually educate themselves and their employees in proper leadership techniques, education, decision-making, and cultural understanding. Pluralism is engrained in ethics, where there are different interpretations of the same information, different ways to analyze the situation and different ethical frameworks. Pluralism can lead to different outputs and decisions across the same situation, but pluralism is not a blight on ethics …

Subtle Leadership: When Referent Power Is Subtly Powerful, Luz E. Quiñones-González

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

The following research presents the construct of “subtle leadership” in a conceptual discussion as a new way of perceiving and studying leaders of the twenty-first century. Its core objective points toward the conceptualization of “subtle leadership,” sharing a basic definition to provoke discussion and emerging theoretical framework in order to better understand the current organizational reality. Some leadership styles such as servant leadership, shared leadership, and authentic leadership are discussed to compare and contrast them with “subtle leadership,” emphasizing that leadership is viewed as a process and not only as styles or personal traits. Subtle leadership is primarily based on …

Implicit Theories Of Leadership And Followership: A Qualitative Exploration Of Research Gaps And Directions For Future Research, Shirin Karbalaei Ali

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify research gaps and provide an integrative and comprehensive review related to implicit leadership theory (ILTs) and implicit followership theory (IFTs) in the last five years.

Design/ methodology/ approach: Using a qualitative systematic review and the content analysis method, we analyzed, summarized, and categorized articles’ recommendations to provide a comprehensive perspective of research gaps and directions for future studies.

Findings: Through analyzing 45 articles published in 2016-2021, firstly, we clarified the distinction between empirical and theoretical articles. In addition, the results of ILTs and IFTs research gaps were reported in four main …

Reflecting On Crucibles: Clarifying Values In Authentic Leaders, Louise Kelly, Eissa Hashemi

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This qualitative study explores the role of crucibles, life-triggering moments, parents’ life mottos and definitions of success, and holding values in the lives of authentic leaders. This research used the life-story approach to explore the experience of such concepts on authentic leaders. Self-identified leaders with more than five years of experience in a leadership position or in a role of managing and developing others were invited to this research. Qualified authentic leaders (between 65 to 80 in ALQ) were invited to a qualitative interview utilizing the life story approach to explore significant forming factors of their leadership qualities. An inductive …

Personal Development Planning And Vertical Leadership Development In A Vuca World, Kevin Coopersmith

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

To explore how personal development can be utilized as a tool for leaders to adapt to our VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous) world, a qualitative study was conducted on the narrative experiences of eight leaders who had successfully completed personal development plans. The emerging field of vertical leadership development, recognized as a unique developmental approach towards overcoming complexity and uncertainty, was connected to the key themes of personal development planning. Vertical leadership development and personal development planning were united across five conceptual themes: development and application of skills, self-awareness, self-efficacy, self-exploration, and continuous improvement. The experiences of the participants …

Prudence, Ethics And Anticipation In Visionary Leaders, Yanick Farmer

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

In ethics, prudence is an essential skill in making informed decisions. Although several studies in various fields have dealt with the notion, few empirical studies have addressed one of its inextricable aspects: anticipation. To gain a better understanding of the notion, this study questioned fifteen leaders whose peers consider to be “visionary” in their respective fields. The results of this qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews describe the fundamental aspects of anticipation according to three categories: reasoning and trend analysis, implementation and strategy, and personality and values.

Becoming A Thai National Female Leader On A Successful Path: A Case Study Of Major General Lady Asanee Saovapap, Pimpan Silpasuwan, Branom Rodcumdee, Anchalee Rerksngarm, Monthira Udchumpisai, Sumlee Saleekul, Sulee Tongvichean, Woraporn Poopongpan, Phawida Putthikhan

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This study aimed to examine women's life history and work on a successful Thai national leader. Method: An autobiographical research was designed. The data was derived from the self-history and related people; in all, 29 key informants were divided into 5 groups for individual interviews, using a different set of questions during 2019-2020. The empirical data's trustworthiness was thoroughly checked for reliability, and content analysis was used combined with life story work.

Result: She was born before World War II. When her family broke up, she ran away to study in a nursing school during the ensuing political turbulence. Good …

Optimistic Leadership For The 21st Century And Beyond, Vincent P. Techo

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper proposes a future-driven leadership theory—the optimistic leadership theory—suitable for leading global organizations in the 21^st century and beyond. The author argues that a new leadership approach is needed for these organizations due to the complexities that come with globalization, including the high need for knowledge and experience, distance decay, and cultural amalgamation. Five leadership approaches (Visionary Leadership, Differentiated Leadership, Servant Leadership, Flexible Leadership, and Reflective Leadership) are identified as the components of optimistic leadership. Following a review of the rare literature on these five leadership approaches, they are found to constitute the best determinants of successful future-driven …

Conclusion: Female Leaders Using Coercive Power Motivate Subordinates, Mary Kovach

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This manuscript advances prior research (Blau, 1964; Elangovan & Xie, 1999; French & Raven, 1959; Goodstadt & Hjelle, 1973; Hegtvedt, 1988; Randolph & Kemery, 2011; Zigarmi, Peyton Roberts, & Randolph, 2015) and capitalizes on supervisory skills using power dynamics within the workplace, by investigating employee effort resulting from gender dissimilar supervisor-employee dyads and employee locus of control. To offer a more focused approach, this is an evaluation specifically on reward and coercive power derived from French and Raven’s (1959) five power bases. This manuscript proposes that the motivation levels of employees change, based on their locus of control and gender. …

Organizational Intentions Versus Leadership Impact: The Flexible Work Experience, Susan R. Vroman

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Working mothers with dependent aged children currently represent a significant portion of the workforce. In order to attract and retain this valuable demographic, employers are introducing and maintaining flexible work arrangements (FWA) to enable employees to manage their work and life commitments. However, having an FWA program and effectively supporting it are not synonymous, and this bears impact on employees. This article highlights opportunities and implications for FWA management based on findings from a recent New England healthcare organization case study which illustrates how working mothers experience enacted flexible work arrangement policies. This article identifies methods for organizations and managers …

Development Of A Broader Conceptualization And Measurement Scale Of Ethical Leadership (Bels), Fahad Shakeel, Peter Mathieu Kruyen, Sandra Van Thiel

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This study presents a broader construct of ethical leadership as an alternative to existing understanding of the term. The study divides the existing literature into classical and contemporary thoughts. The study brings forth limitations of the existing classical conceptualization based on several shortcomings. Synthesis and development of existing studies lead to a broader narrative that essentially addresses the limitations posed in this study. This broader viewpoint is based on the categorization of ethical theories by Van Wart (2014). A new definition of ethical leadership is presented and a survey scale of ethical leadership based on this conceptualization is developed. This …

Ethical Leadership And Prohibitive Voice – The Role Of Leadership And Organisational Identification, Mari Svendsen, Ingvild Seljeseth, Kjell Ove Ernes

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This article extends previous research on ethical leadership and voice behavior, by investigating the relationship between ethical leadership and prohibitive voice. Prohibitive voice is defined as speaking up with concerns or worries regarding factors that may harm organisational functioning. The article reports on a cross- sectional study of Norwegian employees, investigating the relationship between ethical leadership, leadership identification, organisational identification and prohibitive voice. In the article leadership identification is understood as a process where the employee incorporates the leader’s values and goals into his or her self- concept. Organisational identification on the other hand is when the employee starts seeing …

What Do We Really Mean By Good Leadership?, Tom Karp

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

The article discusses the concept of good leadership. According to classical philosophy, good leadership requires voluntary followership towards good goals. It is argued that leaders in any case are rarely able to independently practice good leadership because of all the barriers and restrictions, such as environmental, organizational and personal obstacles. People are fallible; so are leaders. Also, many people and leaders themselves have too high expectations of what leadership can achieve. The answer to the question of what constitutes good leadership is that leadership should be “good enough”, without leaders lowering the requirements of how they treat other people or …

Transformative Leadership And The Unapologetic Leader, Jocelyn Chapman

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

My poem, I Want an Unapologetic Leader, indicates a few of the qualities that I associate with transformative leaders–namely, open-mindedness, emotional intelligence, and integrity. Perhaps a transformative leader doesn’t need to like art, but some enthusiasm for confusion is necessary. In this age of increasing complexity and uncertainty, a leader must be flexible, ask questions, seek diverse viewpoints, and take risks to respond creatively in changeable circumstances (Montuori, 2010; Giulioni and Hendel-Giller, 2018). The ending of the poem explains the title, but it also speaks to an exceptional quality found in transformative leaders–the courage to change one’s mind.

Implementing The Leader Development That Counts, Ryan J. Orsini

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Effective leader development is too often the first casualty of high demands placed on leaders, from corporate America to the U.S. military. A comparison of these entities’ common leader development programs and workforce feedback reveals insufficient strategies and competing priorities. Organizations succumbing to these obstacles unknowingly find themselves trapped in adverse cycles of leadership development, perpetuating undernourished talent and mediocre performance. This problem will not fix itself. Organizations must refocus efforts to understand and implement a leader driven, interpersonally focused, and culturally ingrained brand of leader development to maximize available talent in crafting their envisioned organization.

An Examination Of Leadership Theories In Business And Sport Achievement Contexts, Mary Kovach

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This manuscript examines the impact of transformational leadership in multiple contexts, specifically business and competitive sport. An overview of eight major leadership theories discussed date from the 1940s to the present date. These leadership theories include the trait theories, behavioral theories, the path-goal theory, the leader-member exchange theory, authentic leadership, servant leadership, situational leadership, and transformational leadership. Within these contexts, nine studies highlighted the value of transformational leadership. The review contains a variety of large-scale, multi-site, individual studies as well as meta-analyses on a global scale that are all related to transformational leadership. These studies demonstrate how transformational leadership transcends …

Trust In Transformational Leadership: Do Followers’ Perceptions Of Leader Femininity, Masculinity, And Androgyny Matter?, Ghulam Mustafa, Babar Nazir

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper takes an authenticity perspective to examine whether followers’ perceptions of a leader’s feminine, masculine, or androgynous characteristics influence the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ perceived trust in the leader. The research was quantitative in approach. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from employees from different public and private sector organizations in Pakistan. The findings show that the relationship between transformational leadership and trust is weaker when followers perceive leaders to be high on masculine and androgynous attributes. Leaders’ femininity was found to have a positive effect in the relationship of transformational leadership with trust …

Prosocial Behaviors: Their Motivations And Impacts On Organizational Culture, Jennifer C. Vieweg

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

According to the International Corrupt Perceptions Index 2017, more than six billion people are living countries that are plagued by corruption (International Corrupt Perceptions Index, 2017). In an altruistic model of leadership, leaders act with the express intent of helping other people (Johnson, 2015). Within this model, good works manifest themselves as prosocial behaviors or “voluntary behavior(s) intended to benefit another and consisting of actions that benefit others or society” (Schminke, Arnaud, & Taylor, 2014, p. 730). These prosocial behaviors can create collaborative and inspirational environments (Axelsson & Axelsson, 2009), facilitate collectivism (Clarkson, 2014), and contribute to the long-term sustainability …

Leadership Styles And Effectiveness Among Sub-Saharan African Employees, Samuel Fadare

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This study sought to determine whether a significant relationship exists between dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles and leadership effectiveness within sub-Saharan Africa. Dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles were moderated by dimensions of organizational commitment among Nigerian employees to produce effective leadership. The study confirmed that no significant relationship existed between dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership styles and effective leadership among Nigerian employees when moderated by dimensions of organizational commitment. Gender was also found to be the only control variable that had a significant relationship when predicting organizational commitment as well as effective leadership among Nigerian …

Trouble's Clarion Call For Leaders: Jo Ann Robinson And The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rita White Carver

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Turbulent times are part of the human experience. They provide what Useem calls the "leadership moment" when one is given the opportunity to define who one is (1998). For Jo Ann Robinson, that leadership moment came personally in 1949, and publicly in 1955 when she transformed her trauma into a pro-social action of change (Williams and Allen, 2015). This article is a historical narrative inquiry into the life of Robinson who launched the Montgomery boycott and helped start the civil rights movement. The article tells the rest of the story beyond Parks and King, and explores the question: How did …

Authentic Leadership And Leadership Ethics: Proposing A New Perspective, Don Bosco Onyalla

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Authentic leadership is considered a new field of leadership research. Its formative status makes it possible to attract unique commentary and re-examination. Based on a comparison between authentic leadership and leadership ethics and focusing on the theoretical perspective of authentic leadership, this essay argues for a new perspective of authentic leadership. Consistencies resulting from the comparison serve to reinforce this essay’s central argument, namely, that just as ethics is central to all forms leadership, the main perspectives and components of authentic leadership as well as factors that influence it are also central to the various leadership approaches. In other words, …

Leadership Ethos And Culturally Oriented Strategic Management: A Conceptual Framework And Research Propositions, Ken Kalala Ndalamba

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper identifies the importance of Leadership Ethos (LE) as a backbone for Culturally Oriented Strategic Management (COSM). The paper begins by presenting the concept of LE, it then briefly discusses vision and values, two amongst the attributes of LE. This is followed by discussion of the relationship between LE and COSM. The discussion arrives at four testable propositions. The paper offers four action steps for the practice of LE aiming at establishing COSM before concluding with a summary of its contributions, calling for scholars and practitioners to invest in exploring the understanding and practice of LE. This is an …