International and Area Studies Commons^™

Conspecific Attraction In A Grassland Bird, The Baird’S Sparrow, Marissa A. Ahlering, Douglas H. Johnson, John Faaborg

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Territorial songbirds generally use song to defend territories and attract mates, but conspecific song may also serve as a cue to attract other male songbirds to a breeding site. Although known to occur in some colonial and forest-associated species, only recently have investigators examined conspecific attraction in grassland species. We used a playback experiment to examine the possible role of conspecific attraction for males searching for potentially suitable breeding habitat in a grassland specialist, the Baird’s Sparrow(Ammodramus bairdii). Experimental playback plots and control plots with similar landscape and vegetation characteristics were established at two sites in North Dakota. …

The Many Faces Of Replication, Douglas Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Replication is one of the three cornerstones of inference from experimental studies, the other two being control and randomization. In fact, replication is essential for the benefits of randomization to apply. In addition to ordinary replication, the repetition of treatments within a study, two other levels of replication have been identified. Pseudoreplication, a termed coined by Stuart Hurlbert, generally involves making multiple measurements on experiment units (which is commendable) and treating them as if they reflected independent responses to treatment (which is erroneous). Metareplication is a higher level of replication in which entire studies are repeated. Scientists are too much …

A 3-Decade Dearth Of Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) In A Wolf (Canis Lupus)–Dominated Ecosystem, Michael Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Some 30 y after wolves (Canis lupus) were implicated in decimating wintering white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a 3000-km² area of northeastern Minnesota, wintering deer still have not recolonized the area. From 1976 to 2004, we aerially radio-tracked wolves there during 250 h and recorded 2 deer (in 1985 and 2000) killed or eaten by wolves during February and March. We observed no other deer or deer sign, but regularly observed deer, deer sign and wolf-killed deer in adjacent wolf-pack territories. Although habitat in the study area generally remains poor, some regeneration has taken place, …

Survival Of Adult Female Elk In Yellowstone Following Wolf Restoration, Shaney Evans, L. David Mech, P. J. White, Glen A. Sergeant

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Counts of northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) in northwestern Wyoming and adjacent Montana, USA, have decreased at an average rate of 6–8% per year since wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced in 1995. Population growth rates of elk are typically sensitive to variations in adult female survival; populations that are stable or increasing exhibit high adult female survival. We used survival records for 85 radio-collared adult female elk 1–19 years old to estimate annual survival from March 2000 to February 2004. Weighted average annual survival rates were approximately 0.83 (95% CI=0.77–0.89) for females 1–15 years old and …

Estimated Age Structure Of Wolves In Northeastern Minnesota, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Information about population age structures is useful to understand survival rates, longevity, and population turnover. However, little such information is available about wolf (Canis lupus) populations. Mech (1970) estimated age structures of wolf-population age structure from pup:adult ratios applying various demographic assumptions, but no direct information has been published to test his estimate. Mech et al. (1998) aged 94 live wolves darted in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA, but the estimates of wolf ages were based on educated guesses because no technique was available for aging live wolves. Since then, Gipson et al. (2000) published criteria …

Insect Visitation And Pollen Deposition In An Invaded Prairie Plant Community, Diane L. Larson, Ronald A. Royer, Margaret R. Royer

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Invasive plants with large flowering displays have been shown to compete with native plants for pollinator services, often to the detriment of native plant fitness. In this study, we compare the pollinator communities and pollen deposited on stigmas of native plant species within and away from stands of the invasive alien plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) at a large natural area in North Dakota, USA. Specifically, we ask if infestation influences (1) visitation rates and taxonomic composition of visitors to native flowers, and (2) the amount of conspecific pollen, number of pollen species, and proportion of heterospecific pollen on stigmas …

No. 19: Irregular Migration To South Africa During The First Ten Years Of Democracy, Lyndith Waller

Southern African Migration Programme

Irregular migration poses a considerable problem for South Africa in migration management, population planning, infrastructure development, resource management, governance, social services, economic development and security. A government can only work with what it knows, with a reasonable margin of error. By its nature, irregular migration creates many unknowns. Where entry into South Africa is clandestine or fraudulent, no proper account can be kept of the migrant’s presence, movement, identity, nationality, health status or activities. Without the ability to measure the problem, the ability to address it remains elusive.

For years, figures on the number of irregular migrants present in South …

Ua3/9/2 Poaching In Kenya, Wku President's Office

WKU Administration Documents

Images used taken by Gary Ransdell and used in his presentation Poaching in Kenya - Economic Disaster or Necessity.

The Evolving Animal Rights And Welfare Debate In China: Political And Social Impact Analysis, Peter J. Li

Animal Welfare Collection

In the past few years, a new debate has erupted in mainland China. This debate focuses on animal rights, animal welfare and animal treatment in general. In the not too distant past, such subjects were conveniently rejected as unworthy of serious academic attention. China’s rapid economic changes, increasing societal activism on environmental issues, continuous influx of foreign ideas and a rising societal awareness of the rights for the disadvantaged, including the nonhuman animals, are impacting the agendas of public discussions. Directly triggering this public debate were several highly publicized animal cruelty incidents involving, for example, five bears at Beijing Zoo …

What Is The Millenium Challenge Account And How Do The Commonwealth Of Independent States Rank, Maks Kobonbaev

UMSL Global

No abstract provided.

Berita Volume Xxx, Number 2 (2006), Ronald Provencher

Berita

Table of Contents

Editor’s note...1

Periodicals... 1

Books... 9

Conferences & Calls for Papers...12

Amnesty International...12

Prospectus...12

Research Staff...12

Berita Volume Xxx, Number 4 (2006), Ronald Provencher

Berita

Table of Contents

Editor’s note... 1

Periodicals...1

Books... 9

Website... 11

Call for Papers...11

Call for Manuscripts ….…..11

Positions...….. 11

Opportunities...12

Amnesty International...12

Obituary Notice...12

Prospectus...12

Research Staff...12

Berita Volume Xxx, Number 3 (2006), Ronald Provencher

Berita

Table of Contents

Editor’s note... 1

Periodicals ..…...1

Books... 8

Movies...12

Call for Papers... 12

Position Open...12

Amnesty International...12

Prospectus...12

Research Staff...12

No. 16: South African Immigration Law: A Gender Analysis, Belinda Dodson, Jonathan Crush

Southern African Migration Programme

One of the last pieces of apartheid-era legislation to disappear from the South African statute books was the Aliens Control Act of 1991. Although amended in 1995, this Act was finally consigned to history only in March 2003, when the draft regulations implementing the new Immigration Act (no. 13 of 2002) came into effect (Republic of South Africa 2002 and 2003). While there is much in the new Act to be welcomed, and it certainly represents the advent of a more just and pragmatic immigration regime, many of its provisions give considerable cause for concern on gender grounds. The Act …

No. 43: Migration And Development In Mozambique: Poverty, Inequality And Survival, Fion De Vletter

Southern African Migration Programme

Despite Mozambique’s economic growth rate being one of the highest in Africa over the past few years, much of the growth is linked to the development of highly capital intensive “mega” projects with limited absorption of unskilled workers. The urban informal sector which has hitherto absorbed considerable numbers of the unemployed has become less attractive for the rural labour surpluses as increasing competition makes economic survival more difficult. Such limitations within the domestic economy, recently exacerbated by the current drought in the South, has forced many rural households to seek employment in South Africa. Although external migration to South Africa …

No. 44: Migration, Remittances And Development In Southern Africa, Wade Pendleton, Jonathan Crush, Eugene Campbell, Thuso Green, Hamilton Simelane, Daniel Tevera, Fion De Vletter

Southern African Migration Programme

Remittances by migrants are now a focus of attention of governments and development agencies worldwide. Globally, cash remittances by international migrants now exceed $250 billion per annum, easily outweighing the value of development assistance. Over a third of remittances to developing countries originate in other developing countries. International cash remittances are only part of the story. Remittances in the form of goods and commodities are also extremely important, as are internal remittances from urban to rural areas within countries.

Debate rages on the development impacts of remittances and how these can be maximized. Advocates of migration as a positive force …

No. 17: International Migration And Good Governance In The Southern African Region, Jonathan Crush, Sally Peberdy, Vincent Williams

Southern African Migration Programme

Southern Africa has a long history of intra-regional migration, dating back to the mid-nineteenth century. Migration was probably the single most important factor tying together all of the various colonies and countries of the sub-continent into a single regional labour market during the twentieth century. However, entrenched patterns of migration have undergone major restructuring in the last two decades. Southern Africa is now a region on the move (McDonald 2000). Several broader changes underly this shift towards greater and greater intra-regional mobility.

First, the end of apartheid, a system designed to control movement and exclude outsiders, produced new opportunities for …

Lastarria, Bello Y Sarmiento En 1844: Genocidio, Historiografía Y Proyecto Nacional, Alvaro Kaempfer

Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies Faculty Publications

En la Memoria histórica que presentó a la Universidad de Chile en 1844, José Victorino Lastarria sostuvo que el proceso de independencia nacional había respondido a una voluntad de emancipación nacida con la resistencia indígena al colonialismo hispano. La independencia, aseguró, fue la victoria sobre un orden que "se apoyaba (...) en las costumbres i marchaba con ellas en íntima unidad i perfecta armonía" (122-3). Ese orden era muy diferente a la "manera de vivir profundamente democrática" de las trece colonias británicas, con "costumbres industriales, intereses mercantiles que elaboraban en aquel pueblo desde mucho tiempo atrás un elemento poderoso de …

Community Maturity, Species Saturation And The Variant Diversity–Productivity Relationships In Grasslands, Qinfeng Guo, Terry Shaffer, Thomas Buhl

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity–productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded …

Evidence Of A Decline In Fat Storage By Midcontinental Sandhill Cranes In Nebraska During Spring: A Preliminary Assessment, Gary L. Krapu, David A. Brandt, Deborah A. Buhl, Gary Lingle

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

When an ice storm killed an estimated 2,000 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) in Nebraska on 24 March 1996, we retrieved the fresh carcasses of 118 adults to test for a decline in the condition of spring-staging cranes from that date in 1978 and 1979. We first conducted a principle component analysis on 3 morphological variables (tarsus, exposed culmen, and wing chord [flattened]) and used the first principal component (PC1) as an index of body size. Then, to account for variation in body mass due to size, we regressed body mass on …

Age-Related Body Mass And Reproductive Measurements Of Gray Wolves In Minnesota, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Based on 65 free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus) of known age and 25 of estimated age examined during summers of 1970–2004 in northeastern Minnesota, body mass of both males and females peaked at 5 or 6 years of age, with mean masses of 40.8 kg and 31.2 kg, respectively. Testis size varied as a function of age and month through at least 8 years of age, with length plus width ranging from 1.9 to 7.8 cm. Most females aged 4–9 years bred based on assessment of nipple sizes; those that had not bred had average lower body mass …

No. 20: Migration Of Skills In South Africa: Patterns, Trends And Challenges, Lyndith Waller

Southern African Migration Programme

It is a human inclination to want to position oneself where conditions are best for personal fulfilment, growth and success. People migrate because they perceive their environment as inadequate in terms of what they desire or deserve. The more deserving they consider themselves the more likely they will be to leave a suboptimal environment in search of one in which they will be appreciated – through recognition or pay – and where they can develop their potential, live securely, work towards their goals and enjoy standards with which they align themselves.

Skilled people recognise that they have something to offer; …

No. 18: The Draft Protocol On The Facilitation Of Movement Of Persons In Sadc: Implications For State Parties, Vincent Williams, Lizzie Carr

Southern African Migration Programme

The migration of persons across international boundaries in search of better opportunities or as a result of war, conflict and political instability has risen substantially over the years. The UN Population Division estimates that there are currently 175 million people living outside of their country of origin which is more than twice the number a generation ago (United Nations Population Division 2002). As communications and transport infrastructure become more sophisticated and cheaper, this trend is likely to continue in the foreseeable future.

This movement of persons from their own countries of nationality or citizenship, to another country where they take …

No. 2: The Brain Drain Of Health Professionals From Sub-Saharan Africa To Canada, Ronald Labonte, Corinne Packer, Nathan Klassen, Arminee Kazanjian, Lars Apland, Justina Adalikwu, Jonathan Crush, Tom Mcintosh, Ted Schrecker, Joelle Walker, David Zakus

Southern African Migration Programme

Significant numbers of African-trained health workers migrate every year to developed countries including Canada. They leave severely crippled health systems in a region where life expectancy is only 50 years of age, 16 per cent of children die before their fifth birthday and the HIV/AIDS crisis continues to burgeon. The population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) totals over 660 million, with a ratio of fewer than 13 physicians per 100,000.

SSA has seen a resurgence of various diseases that were thought to be receding, while public health systems remain inadequately staffed. According to one report, the region needs approximately 700,000 physicians …

Buddhist Exploration Of Peace And Justice, Ronald S. Green, Chanju Mun

Philosophy and Religious Studies

Contains five speeches and twenty-three articles presented in the Fifth International Seminar on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace on the theme "Exploration of Ways to Put Buddhist Thought into Social Practice for Peace and Justice." The seminar was held under the joint auspice of Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii and the Korean Buddhist Research Institute of Dongguk University, 1991.

Conflict Resolution Challenges In Sudan And India: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Case Studies, Nivah Odwori

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Creative Intelligentsia And The Rise Of Official Russocentrism Under Stalin, David Brandenberger

History Faculty Publications

In the mid-to-late 1930s, Soviet society witnessed a major ideological about-face as party propaganda and mass culture assumed an increasingly patriotic, Russo-centric orientation. Heroes, imagery, and legends from the Russian national past were deployed to bolster the legitimacy of the Soviet state and provide a complement to the reigning Marxist-Leninist ideology, then in a trend threatening to eclipse the stress on revolutionary class consciousness that had characterized the Soviet experiment for nearly two decades.

This shift away from proletarian internationalism toward Russo-centric etatism has been a source of considerable scholarly controversy. Some have linked this phenomenon to nationalist sympathies within …

Book Review: Prairie Gothic: The Story Of A West Texas Family, Paul H. Carlson

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The upper West Texas area is a huge region of the southern Great Plains. Including the Rolling Plains, the South Plains, the Texas Panhandle, and more, it is, except for Amarillo and Lubbock, mostly an empty country, characterized by cattle raising and wheat and cotton growing. Big operations with extensive fields and large pastures seem to dominate the agricultural economy. Partly as a result, rural populations, except for the big cities, are in decline, railroads are shutting down, county governments are going broke, and school districts are consolidating.

Book Review: The Fred Jones Jr. Museum Of Art At The University Of Oklahoma: Selected Works, Gary Hood

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In an effort to outline the depth of the collections of the University of Oklahoma Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, Selected Works is a genuine mix of many varying styles and media. After gifts of Asian art formed the beginnings of the OU art collection in the 1930s, a significant acquisition was made by founding director Oscar Jacobson in 1948 consisting of 117 American paintings from the "Advancing American Art" exhibition organized by the u.s. Department of State. Many of the works are illustrated. The paintings cover the gamut of American Modernism, including work by Georgia O'Keeffe, Romare Bearden, …

Book Review: Keeping Heart On Pine Ridge: Family Ties, Warrior Culture, Commodity Foods, Rez Dogs, And The Sacred, Harvey Markowitz

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

For most outsiders to South Dakota's Pine Ridge Reservation, the subtitle of Vic Glover's book will probably seem little more than an odd (and slightly blasphemous) melange of disassociated categories. For the Oglala Lakota residents of Pine Ridge, however, these categories are bound together by a cultural and spiritual logic embedded in their daily experiences. It is a testimony to Glover's status as a participant in and keen observer of Pine Ridge life that readers of the forty-four vignettes comprising his collection will come away with a deep appreciation of the strengths, weaknesses, tragedies, and joys that characterize this American …