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Labor Economics Commons

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2007

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Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics

Building The Case: Health Promotion For Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers, Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute Dec 2007

Building The Case: Health Promotion For Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers, Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Employment

A new line of research for the Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC: Rural) focuses on the role of secondary conditions and health promoting lifestyle behaviors in obtaining and maintaining employment for adults with physical disabilities. This line of research started with Ipsen (2006) conducting an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. She found that individuals who reported lower rates of secondary conditions and/or who practiced better lifestyle behaviors had a higher probability of being employed after controlling for demographic characteristics including age, gender, race, education, and disability severity. Past research has shown that …


Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang Dec 2007

Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Much evidence suggests individuals di¤er in their predisposition to cooperate, which is essentially a component of human capital. This paper examines the role of individual cooperative tendencies and their interactions with institutions in generating social trust; it also endogenizes cooperative tendencies using a human capital investment model. Multiple equilibria and ine¢ ciencies exist due to positive externalities. An innovative …nding is that, when institutions are more e¤ective in punishing defecting behaviors, more people invest in cooperative tendencies and hence the endogenous social trust is higher, though the equilibrium cooperative tendencies are lower. This paper provides a plausible explanation for many …


Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang Dec 2007

Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Much evidence suggests individuals differ in their predisposition to cooperate, which is essentially a component of human capital. This paper examines the role of individual cooperative tendencies and their interactions with institutions in generating social trust; it also endogenizes cooperative tendencies using a human-capital investment model. Multiple equilibria and inefficiencies exist due to positive externalities. An innovative finding is that, when institutions are more effective in punishing defecting behaviors, more people invest in cooperative tendencies and hence the endogenous social trust is higher, though the equilibrium cooperative tendencies are lower. This paper provides a plausible explanation for many empirical and …


Immigrants And Their International Money Flows, Susan Pozo Editor Oct 2007

Immigrants And Their International Money Flows, Susan Pozo Editor

Upjohn Press

This book consists of a series of studies on the topic of international migration with an emphasis on workers' remittances. Chapters cover the impact of remittances on economic development and the interplay of immigration policies with human capital acquisition and labor markets in out-migration areas.


A Future Of Good Jobs? America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik, Susan N. Houseman Oct 2007

A Future Of Good Jobs? America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik, Susan N. Houseman

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Wage Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, And Education In Singapore, Kong Weng Ho Oct 2007

Wage Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, And Education In Singapore, Kong Weng Ho

Research Collection School Of Economics

Accompanying Singapore’s phenomenal economic growth over the past four decades has been a rapid increase in educational attainment over the years. In 1960, the mean years of schooling for residents aged 25 and over was 3.14 years; in 2006, it was 9.3 years. This dramatic increase in the supply of skilled labour in all sectors of the economy helped to power Singapore’s high growth rates over the past few decades of economic development, which also saw declining wage inequality and high upward intergenerational mobility in education. However, we need to ask if these trends will continue in the future and …


Employee Screening: Theory And Evidence, Fali Huang, Peter Cappelli Sep 2007

Employee Screening: Theory And Evidence, Fali Huang, Peter Cappelli

Research Collection School Of Economics

Arguably the fundamental problem faced by employers is how to elicit effort from employees. Most models suggest that employers meet this challenge by monitoring employees carefully to prevent shirking. But there is another option that relies on heterogeneity across employees, and that is to screen job candidates to find workers with a stronger work ethic who require less monitoring. This should be especially useful in work systems where monitoring by supervisors is more difficult, such as teamwork systems. We analyze the relationship between screening and monitoring in the context of a principal-agent model and test the theoretical results using a …


Inefficient Worker Turnover, Nicolas L. Jacquet Sep 2007

Inefficient Worker Turnover, Nicolas L. Jacquet

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper considers the efficiency properties of risk-neutral workers’ mobility decisions in an equilibrium model with search frictions, but no search externalities, when the rent accruing to a match is split through bargaining. Matches are ex ante homogeneous and their true productivity is learnt after the match is formed. It is shown that the efficiency of worker turnover depends on contract enforceability, and that in the absence of complete enforceability the equilibrium fails to be efficient. This is because without complete enforceability firms cannot credibly offer workers contracts that will guarantee them the entire future of all potential future matches.


Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang Sep 2007

Building Social Trust: A Human Capital Approach, Fali Huang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Much evidence suggests individuals differ in their predisposition to cooperate, which is essentially a component of human capital. This paper examines the role of individual cooperative tendencies and their interactions with institutions in generating social trust; it also endogenizes cooperative tendencies using a human-capital investment model. Multiple equilibria and inefficiencies exist due to positive externalities. An innovative finding is that, when institutions are more effective in punishing defecting behaviors, more people invest in cooperative tendencies and hence the endogenous social trust is higher, though the equilibrium cooperative tendencies are lower. This paper provides a plausible explanation for many empirical and …


Emerging Industries: Looking Beyond The Usual Suspects: A Report To Wired, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts Sep 2007

Emerging Industries: Looking Beyond The Usual Suspects: A Report To Wired, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.


Economic Dashboard Supplemental Report: Other Social And Economic Indicators, George A. Erickcek Aug 2007

Economic Dashboard Supplemental Report: Other Social And Economic Indicators, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.


Essays In Defense Economics: Veterans' Human Capital Accumulation And Military Procurement Choice, Sebastian Negrusa Aug 2007

Essays In Defense Economics: Veterans' Human Capital Accumulation And Military Procurement Choice, Sebastian Negrusa

All Dissertations

The first chapter estimates the effect of aid on schooling decisions by analyzing the education subsidy provided through the Montgomery GI Bill. The effects are identified by exploiting unanticipated variation in the real value of education benefits between the time an individual joins the military and the time of separation. Using micro-level panel data, we find that military veterans have an elasticity of college attendance with respect to the subsidy that ranges from 0.4 to 0.6. Recruits and veterans are allowed to form expectations under different scenarios about the real future value of the benefits. We find little effect of …


Qualitative Aspects Of Mate Availability And Their Effects On Intra-Household Bargaining Power, Brighita Negrusa Aug 2007

Qualitative Aspects Of Mate Availability And Their Effects On Intra-Household Bargaining Power, Brighita Negrusa

All Dissertations

This dissertation studies the impact of changes in outside marriage market opportunities on intra-household bargaining power. In the first chapter, I analyze the impact of the availability of healthy mates on intra-household bargaining power. I specify a marriage market matching model and test the main prediction that in marriage markets in which both healthy and frail men marry, an increase in the relative scarcity of healthy women enhances wives' bargaining power. This effect is estimated in a collective labor supply framework in which spousal bargaining power and labor supply are inversely related. I use CPS data and Census data on …


Caring For America’S Aging Population: A Profile Of The Direct-Care Workforce, Kristin E. Smith, Reagan A. Baughman Aug 2007

Caring For America’S Aging Population: A Profile Of The Direct-Care Workforce, Kristin E. Smith, Reagan A. Baughman

Sociology

Direct-care workers constitute a low-wage, high-turnover workforce with low levels of health insurance; taking these characteristics into account guides the challenge of how to deal with the growing demand for long-term care by an aging U.S. population.


How Much Should Foreign Talent Be Paid?, Manoj Thulasidas Jul 2007

How Much Should Foreign Talent Be Paid?, Manoj Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Singapore needs foreign talent — and there’s no need to feel bad about it. It is a statistical fact of life. For every top Singaporean in any field — be it science, medicine, finance, sports or whatever — we will find about 500 professionals of equal calibre in China and India. Not because we are 500 times less talented, just that they have 500 times more people.


Immigrants' Remittances, Susan Pozo Jul 2007

Immigrants' Remittances, Susan Pozo

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Principles Of Labor Market Information, James F. Woods, Christopher J. O'Leary Jul 2007

Principles Of Labor Market Information, James F. Woods, Christopher J. O'Leary

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Economic Scan And Workforce Development Profile: Barry, Branch, Calhoun, Kalamazoo, And St. Joseph Counties, Brad R. Watts, George A. Erickcek, Bridget Timmeney, Suprotik Stotz-Ghosh Jun 2007

Economic Scan And Workforce Development Profile: Barry, Branch, Calhoun, Kalamazoo, And St. Joseph Counties, Brad R. Watts, George A. Erickcek, Bridget Timmeney, Suprotik Stotz-Ghosh

Reports

No abstract provided.


Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber Jun 2007

Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In a seminal paper, Gibbons and Katz (1991) develop and empirically test an asymmetric information model of the labor market. The model predicts that wage losses following displacement should be larger for layoffs than for plant closings, which was borne out by data from the Displaced Workers Survey (DWS). In this paper, we take advantage of many more years of DWS data to examine how the difference in wage losses across plant closings and layoffs varies with race and gender. We find that the differences between white males and the other groups are striking and complex. The "lemons effect" of …


Distance To Frontier And The Big Swings Of The Unemployment Rate: What Room Is Left For Monetary Policy?, Hian Teck Hoon, Kong Weng Ho Jun 2007

Distance To Frontier And The Big Swings Of The Unemployment Rate: What Room Is Left For Monetary Policy?, Hian Teck Hoon, Kong Weng Ho

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper builds upon Hoon and Phelps (1992, 1997) to ask how much of the evolution of the unemployment rate over several decades in country can be explained by real factors in an equilibrium model of the natural rate where country's productivity growth depends upon its distance from the world's technological leader. One motivating contemporary example includes the evolution of unemployment rates in Europe as it recovered from the second world war and caught up technologically to the US. Another example that may be less familiar to many people is Singapore (the second fastest growing economy from 1960 to 2000 …


Michigan Socioeconomic Conditions And Trends: West Michigan Compared To East Michigan, Brad R. Watts May 2007

Michigan Socioeconomic Conditions And Trends: West Michigan Compared To East Michigan, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.


Omanization Of Oman's Private Sector: Implementation, Challenges, And Solutions, Mazid Al-Rawas May 2007

Omanization Of Oman's Private Sector: Implementation, Challenges, And Solutions, Mazid Al-Rawas

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was designed to determine the status of the implementation of the Omanization policy, challenges associated with the Omani government in implementing the Omanization policy, and the solutions appropriate to overcome these challenges in the implementation of Omanization. Data for this study was collected through a survey that included 13 Likert-type statements developed by the researcher. The population of this study consisted of 50 human resource managers in private companies; these companies were randomly selected from the list of all companies registered in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry for the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher received a total …


Pay And Performance: Among 100 Best U.S. Companies To Work For, Omair Mahmood Faisal Apr 2007

Pay And Performance: Among 100 Best U.S. Companies To Work For, Omair Mahmood Faisal

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

In the 21st century, world is becoming a global village and with increased competition businesses are always looking for regions with the lowest possible production costs. Appropriate compensation of U.S. employees working for major U.S. corporations is a hotly debated topic in political circles. This research focuses on the top 100 companies designated as “the best companies to work for” by Fortune Magazine for the year 2006. Performance of these companies, as measured by their return on equity, return on assets, revenue growth and earnings growth along with their profit margin is used to determine the impact on them as …


Evidence About The Effectiveness Of Public Training Programs For Incumbent Workers, Kevin Hollenbeck, Sarah M. Klerk Apr 2007

Evidence About The Effectiveness Of Public Training Programs For Incumbent Workers, Kevin Hollenbeck, Sarah M. Klerk

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Outsourcing, Offshoring, And Productivity Measurement In U.S. Manufacturing, Susan N. Houseman Apr 2007

Outsourcing, Offshoring, And Productivity Measurement In U.S. Manufacturing, Susan N. Houseman

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

I discuss reasons why manufacturing productivity statistics should be interpreted with caution in light of the recent growth of domestic and foreign outsourcing and offshoring. First, outsourcing and offshoring are poorly measured in U.S. statistics, and poor measurement may impart a significant bias to manufacturing and, where offshoring is involved, aggregate productivity statistics. Second, companies often outsource or offshore work to take advantage of cheap (relative to their output) labor, and such cost savings are counted as productivity gains, even in multifactor productivity calculations. This fact has potentially important implications for the interpretation of productivity statistics. Whether, for instance, productivity …


Forecasting Demand For Civilian Pilots: A Cost Savings Approach To Managing Air Force Pilot Resources, Justin W. Collup Mar 2007

Forecasting Demand For Civilian Pilots: A Cost Savings Approach To Managing Air Force Pilot Resources, Justin W. Collup

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to create a model that could potentially predict demand for military trained pilots in the airline industry. Specifically, this thesis sought to answer the research question addressing whether or not military trained pilots are currently more in demand or less in demand. The research questions were answered through a comprehensive literature review, collection of data relevant to airline industry growth, and regression analysis. The Aviation Continuation Pay Bonus, offered to all eligible Air Force aviators, has risen from $12,000/year to its current value of $25,000/year. With shrinking budgets, and ever increasing costs of war, …


The Impact Of Human Capital On The Cost Of Air Force Acquisition Programs, Jeffrey C. Feuring Mar 2007

The Impact Of Human Capital On The Cost Of Air Force Acquisition Programs, Jeffrey C. Feuring

Theses and Dissertations

Previous studies have established a link between Human Capital and performance both at the firm and the individual level. These studies have shown that performance can be improved with additional personnel and/or higher education levels. This study attempts to build on this relationship by using the Cobb-Douglas Production function to relate inputs to outputs. The inputs to the function are the number of cost analysts positions, military and civilian, and an education variable for the number of master’s degrees in the field. The measure of output is the average cost overrun of Air Force contracts. A time series regression was …


Process And Net Impact Evaluations Of The Focus: Hope Adult Training Programs And Student Loan Fund, Kevin Hollenbeck Feb 2007

Process And Net Impact Evaluations Of The Focus: Hope Adult Training Programs And Student Loan Fund, Kevin Hollenbeck

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

No abstract provided.


Temporary Help Service Firms' Use Of Employer Tax Credits: Implications For Disadvantaged Workers' Labor Market Outcomes, Sarah Hamersma, Carolyn J. Heinrich Feb 2007

Temporary Help Service Firms' Use Of Employer Tax Credits: Implications For Disadvantaged Workers' Labor Market Outcomes, Sarah Hamersma, Carolyn J. Heinrich

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Temporary help services (THS) firms are increasing their hiring of disadvantaged individuals and claiming more subsidies for doing so. Do these subsidies-the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Welfare-to-Work Tax Credit (WtW)-create incentives that improve employment outcomes for THS workers? We examine the distinct effects of THS employment and WOTC/WtW subsidies using administrative and survey data. Results indicate that WOTC/WtW-certified THS workers have higher earnings than WOTC-eligible but uncertified THS workers. However, these workers have shorter job tenure and lower earnings than WOTC/WtW-certified workers in non-THS industries. Panel estimates suggest that these effects do not persist over time.


What Can Industry Trade Orientation Tell Us About Trade-Related Employment Dynamics?, Roger White Jan 2007

What Can Industry Trade Orientation Tell Us About Trade-Related Employment Dynamics?, Roger White

Economics

We explore whether imports and exports affect industry employment differently based on the industry’s trade orientation. Effects of trade are examined for both production and non-production employment using data for 384 6-digit manufacturing industries, classified by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), and 116 trading partners that span the years 1972 to 2001. Additionally, we consider potential employment effects stemming from shifts in import sources from high- to low-income nations. The findings confirm theory and provide a more detailed portrait of trade-related employment dynamics. As the United States further liberalizes trade, net job loss may be expected in more …