International Economics Commons^™

The Challenge Of Administration By Regulation: Preliminary Findings Regarding The U.S. Government's Venture Capital Funds, Jonathan G.S. Koppell

Publications from President Jonathan G.S. Koppell

This article assesses the ability of elected officials to control public policy as implemented by public/private hybrid organizations, specifically, government venture capital funds. The study reveals greater control over OPIC investment funds than Enterprise Funds despite the existence of more traditional administrative tools of control for Enterprise Funds. This finding suggests that the regulatory infrastructure for hybrid organizations is more determinative of control than the existence (or lack) of traditional administrative control tools. Thus the challenge of hybrid government centers on the development of regulation as a substitute for administration.

Open Eco Macro Soas, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, Spring). Folder cover for open eco macro at SOAS [Unpublished folder cover].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Table 3.4: Act. and pred. growth rates from McCombie and Thirlwall (1994, p. 251) [Unpublished chart].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, April 27). Handwritten notes for open eco macro: review [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Handwritten notes titled “comparative advantage and HO” [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1993, April 14). Handwritten notes on free trade (Prof. Ernesto Herzberg) and “Mexico: trade, competition, and the XR” [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, …

Absolute Vs Comparative Advantage Xr Theory, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1988). Absolute vs. comparative advantage XR theory [Unpublished handwritten title page]. Manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, December 9). Trade ratio and TOT [Unpublished handwritten notes]. Manuscript.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, December 10). Handwritten notes on trade deficit and savings referencing Blinder, Godley, Robert Lawrence, Paula Stern, Lester Thurow, C. R. D’Amato, George Becker, Ms. Wissell, and Wayne Angell [Unpublished handwritten notes]. Manuscript.

• Liu, P. C., & Burkett, P. (1995). Instability in short-run adjustments to purchasing power parity: Results for selected Latin American countries [Unpublished manuscript].

• Burkett, P. (1997, January …

Xr, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, October 7). Handwritten notes titled “int’l competitiveness: Milberg and Houston” [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, October 14). Handwritten notes titled “aggregate budget constraint (ABC),” discussing overall planned and expected demands [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, October 25). Handwritten notes titled “terms of trade and balance of trade” [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, November 4). Handwritten notes titled “arbitrage, profit rates, and interest rates” [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1999, November 11). Handwritten notes titled “real wage adjustment curves” [Unpublished handwritten notes]. …

Relative Gains Problem And Case Studies Of Economic Cooperation In East Asia, Ping Deng

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Relative gains problem basically means unequal cooperative payoffs disproportionately favoring partners. With the relative gains problem widely accepted as a serious impediment to international cooperation, some scholars have theoretically argued or modeled several conditions that are most likely to foster a state's sensitivity to relative gains and thus substantially affect the prospects for cooperation. But little empirical work has been done to date. The central objective of this dissertation is to test whether those theoretical propositions can be supported by empirical evidence. For this purpose, we have deducted three hypotheses: (1) If a state faces military threat and zero-sum political …

The Fischer Black Hypothesis: Some Time-Series Evidence, Tony Caporale, Barbara Mckiernan

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

We estimate an ARCH-M model to analyze the relationship between the conditional standard deviation of real gross national product (GNP) and its growth rate for the period 1871-1993. We find that variability significantly increases output growth rates. In addition, impulse response functions show that the effect of variability on growth rates is dynamic. These results provide evidence in favor of Black's (1987) business cycle hypothesis.

Explaining Long-Term Exchange Rate Behavior In The United States And Japan, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD., & Antonopoulos, R. (1998, September). Explaining long-term exchange rate behavior in the United States and Japan (Working Paper No. 250). Jerome Levy Economics Institute.

Exchange Rates, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• [Author unknown]. (n.d.). Alternative theory of real exchange rate determination and empirical test for Greece based on Shaikh’s model [Dissertation excerpt].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1998, October 13). Cointegration results, tradable/non-tradable factor mobility, and large financial flows in Asia [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1998, November 12). Notes on trade and capital mobility [Unpublished notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Library.en1: Citation of Frenkel and Johnson (1976) on the monetary approach to the balance of payments [Unpublished typed excerpt].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1989, December 31). Exchange rates in orthodox economics: Dornbusch [Unpublished handwritten …

Xr Project, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1998, July 2). Rxr [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Godley, W. (1998, June 16). Godley’s trade sector equations and a glossary [Fax].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1998, June 12). U.S./OECD: Rxr (PPI), Rxr (export unit value), and Xr [Unpublished graph].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). International long-term interest rates [Unpublished graph].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). International short-term interest rates [Unpublished graph].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Japan long-term interest rate differentials [Unpublished graph].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). U.S. interest rate differentials [Unpublished graph].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1998, May 10). U.S./OECD: Rxr (PPI) and RULC …

Tobin, James, Tony Caporale

Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

James Tobin was born in Champaign, Illinois, in 1918. He received his bachelor's degree in 1939 and his master's degree in 1940, both from Harvard. Following naval service during the years 1942-6, he returned to his graduate studies and received his PhD from Harvard in 1947. In 1950, he joined the economics department at Yale University, and he has largely remained at Yale and has been identified with this institution throughout his career. He twice directed the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, first from 1955 to 1961, and then from 1964 to 1965. He also served for two years, …

Gatt, Dispute Settlement And Cooperation: A Reply, Dan Kovenock, Marie Thursby

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

In our 1992 paper, we analyzed GATT and its dispute settlement procedure (DSP) in the context of a supergame model of international trade featuring both explicit (GATT) and implicit (non-GATT) agreements. Our paper departed from the previous economics literature on GATT enforcement (see, for instance Hungerford (1991) and Ludema (1990)) by incorporating the ``twin engines of international obligation and retaliation'' (Hudec, 1990). International obligation imposed a cost of violating an explicit international agreement, such as GATT, while retaliation could take place either within the rules stipulated by the international agreement or by punishment outside of the agreement. In Section 2 …

Strucutre Of Xr Theory, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1997, July 13). The structure of exchange rate theory: An alternate approach with empirical evidence (Unpublished manuscript). Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.

Trade + Xr, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A. (1995, July 6). Summary of my XR theory (xrsum495.wpd) [Unpublished manuscript].

Pasinetti Correspondence, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1995, December 19). Letter to Luigi Pasinetti regarding absolute versus comparative advantage and relative unit labor costs [Unpublished letter].

• Pasinetti, L. (1995, July 25). Letter to Anwar Shaikh discussing his analysis and the principle of comparative advantage [Unpublished letter].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Letter to Luigi Pasinetti comparing their arguments on international trade, absolute advantage, and the balance of trade [Unpublished letter].

• Pasinetti, L. (1995, February 14). Letter to Anwar Shaikh regarding papers on exchange rates, comparative costs, and free trade [Unpublished letter].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1995, July 11). …

Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell

Economics Faculty Research

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the economic functions and associated welfare implications of the cooperative associations that dominate the wholesale trade in two staple foods. Questionnaire responses lead to several conclusions. Individual traders face incomplete markets, imperfect information, and little government-provided institutional and physical infrastructure. The associations are sophisticated "Coase-like" responses to this market environment: they focus on reducing their members' transaction costs, and hence the marginal private costs of trading. Thus it is likely that these associations enhance efficiency. We conclude with a critique of current government policy with respect to this trade.

Trade Ii, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• A simple Marxian theory of the exchange rate [Typed and handwritten paper]. Shaikh, A. (1986, February). Unpublished manuscript.

• Economics G6903Y: International trade [Syllabus for Columbia University]. Findlay, R. (1973, Spring). Unpublished manuscript.

• Economics 251: International trade II [Reading list]. Shaikh, A. (1974, Spring). Unpublished manuscript.

• Economics G6904X: International trade and finance [Reading list for Columbia University]. Mathieson, D. J. (1971, Fall). Unpublished manuscript.

• Economics 251: International trade II [Reading list]. Shaikh, A. (1979, Spring). Unpublished manuscript.

• Economics 251: International trade II [Course outline and reading list]. Shaikh, A. (1975, Spring). Unpublished …

Finance Capital, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This folder includes:
Handwritten note cards titled:

• England and Portugal
• Kindleberger
• Basic Model: H.O. – Samuelson (Factor Proportions Model) (annotated in red ink)
• Trade and World Price Line Establishment (with diagrams)
• Neoclassical Variable Proportions & Community Production Possibilities (annotated in red ink)
• Internal Equilibrium and Trade (Normal Case) (annotated in red ink)
• Price-Value Deviations
• Note on Unequal Exchange
• Profit and Surplus Value (referencing Grundrisse, Notebook VII, Feb–June 1858)
• Surplus-Value and Profit (underlined in red ink)
• Profit and Surplus Value (referencing Vol. III, p. 36, Ch. I)
• Transformation
• Conditions of Problem
• Sweezy
• Connection, Value & Supply
• Effect of Wage Changes …

Profit, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This folder includes:
Handwritten note cards titled:

• Price and Adjustment Mechanisms
• Capital Movements
• Direct Investment
• Host Country (UDC)
• Patterns of Foreign Investment
• Historical Flows of Capital
• Table VI-1, VI-6e
• Table V-9
• “As Exchange Becomes More Generalized…”
• “Since a Craft is a Learned Activity…”
• Money
• Intrinsic Qualities of a Money Commodity
• Ibn Khaldun
• Trade and Accumulation
• Capital
• Trade: 1850–1933 (Ashworth)
• Keynesian Models
• LDCs in World Production
• Emmanuel: Mechanism of Unequal Exchange
• Alchian & Allen, Exchange & Production Theory in Use
• Consumer Theory
• Basic Concepts of Neoclassical Economics
• Scarcity
• Defense of This Model of Behavior
• Basic Postulates of Consumer Behavior
• Basic Theorems …

Bibliography, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This folder includes:
Handwritten note cards titled:

• Emmanuel, referencing Kyklos and Mainwaring
• England / Senegal, with diagram of M–C–M′ circulation
• Rowthorn, Bob (1980), Capitalism, Conflict and Inflation
• History of Political Economy, Vol. 3 (1971) (title in red ink; front and back)
• Tonak & Capital Formation (1979; yellow card; referencing Liebling and Pergamon Press; front and back)
• Hilferding: Bibliography (with crossed-out text “Money”)
• Otsuki Shoten Publishers (Tokyo, Japan), referencing Marx Lexikon (blue ink)
• Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. (1980) (with note: “Give to: Salvador Delara”)
• Andrew Gamble and Paul Walton, From Alienation to Surplus Value (1976) (blue ink) …

250 Trade 1, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Reading list for Economics 250: International trade I. (1978, Fall). [Reading list]. Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research. (Anwar Shaikh, PhD, author).

• Reading list for Economics 250. (1976, Fall). [Handwritten reading list]. Unpublished manuscript. (Anwar Shaikh, PhD, author and annotator).

• Final examination for Economics 250. (1973, Fall). [Examination]. Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research. (Anwar Shaikh, PhD, author).

• Makeup exam for Economics 250. (1976, March 22). [Examination]. Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research. (Anwar Shaikh, PhD, author).

• Tentative course …

General Equilibrium Theory And International Trade, Jagdish N. Bhagwati

Faculty Scholarship

This volume of Takashi Negishi's excellent essays in the theory of international trade underlines two major phenomena in this field: i) the displacement of the MarshalJian partialequilibriμm tools of analysis (now to be found only in the old-fashioned textbooks) by the general-equilibrium analysis of Mill, Marshan and Edgeworth which culminated in the major work of Meade and others; and ii) the emergence of a creative and ingenious school of Japanese international trade theorists in the last decade (of which Negishi is one of the more eminent members) which has virtually shifted the center of gravity in trade-theoretic research from England …

Surplus Value, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This folder includes:
Handwritten note cards titled:

• Emmanuel – Ricardo (with calculations)
• Emmanuel and Ricardian Analysis
• Capitalists’ Produce and Surplus Value
• Surplus-Value and Capital as Capitalist Categories Only (subtitled Theories of Surplus Value I; on the Physiocrats)

The Neo-Classical Contributions To The Theory Of International Trade, Mohammed Arifeen

Economics Theses & Dissertations

In a dynamic economy some of the most challenging policy problems tend to originate in the realm of international economic relations. In the post World War II period, these problems have been intensified and become more complex. Students of international economics often feel perplexed by numerous divergent and diametric views that well-trained and prudent men frequently offer for the solutions of what appear to be rather simple problems. Lack of understanding of the theoretical framework of international trade is largely responsible for students' puzzlement.

It is the purpose of this thesis to assemble a minimum framework of the theoretical issues …

Differential Tariffs, Negative Value-Added And The Theory Of Effective Protection, Augustine H. H. Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

This article examines the implications for effective protection(EP) theory of allowing variable factor proportions and general equilibrium repercussions. The first claim of EP theory, is that it provides a measure of the maximum proportionate increase in factor rewards permitted by a tariff structure, as compared to a free trade regime. EP rates predict only a particular direction of resource flows whereas general equilibrium analysis, with variable input coefficients, indicates that flows contrary to EP prediction are possible. Two examples are provided, first, where there is a uniform tariff on final goods; and second, where one final sector has a higher …