Income Distribution Commons^™

The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 3, Spring 2009

Gettysburg Economic Review

No abstract provided.

Can Non-State Certification Systems Bolster State-Centered Efforts To Promote Sustainable Development Through The Clean Development Mechanism, Jonathan G.S. Koppell, Kelly Levin, Benjamin Cashore

Publications from President Jonathan G.S. Koppell

Increasing economic globalization has coincided with the emergence and escalating influence of non-state actors and organizations in domestic and international policymaking, from shaping policy agendas to promoting private authority. The latter phenomenon has arisen, at least in part, from a critique of states' failures to adopt effective and enduring environmental policies. Rather than contest "command and control" institutions, non-state strategies embrace market approaches built around incentives and price mechanisms. Several forms of non-state authority have emerged, including corporate social responsibility, provision of information through labeling, and self-reporting.

Why Brazil Has Not Grown: A Comparative Analysis Of Brazilian, Indian, And Chinese Economic Management, Fernando Ferrari-Filho, Anthony Petros Spanakos

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper does not aim to dispute that Brazil would benefit from reforms in any or all of these areas. Rather, the paper offers a skeptical perspective on reform menus and proposes an alternative explanation for the faster growth of Brazil’s peers India and China2. The paper begins by introducing (section 1) the idea of the BRICs countries, to establish the basis for comparisons of most similar cases. It then surveys the results of a generation of Washington Consensus era growth (section 2). Although there is a considerable amount of divergence over what causes growth, it seems that something approaching …

The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 2, Spring 2008

Gettysburg Economic Review

No abstract provided.

A Current Microeconometric Assessment Of The Racial Wage Gap In The United States, David H. Krisch

Gettysburg Economic Review

Minority groups in the United States promoted affirmative action legislation in the 1960s during the civil rights movement to help ease the inequalities suffered in their economic history. Many labor economists have sought since this time to study the effects of race, gender, and the effect of income – how it has changed and if the gap has closed. Existing literature uses many different econometric models to show how the effects of race, gender, age, occupation, educational attainment, and geographic location on an individual comparative basis. This paper will examine the effects of all of these variables jointly using an …

The Effects Of Intermarriage On The Earnings Of Female Immigrants In The United States, Milena V. Nikolova

Gettysburg Economic Review

This paper investigates the effects of intermarriage on the earnings of female immigrants in the United States. The main empirical question asked is whether immigrant females married to US-born spouses have higher earnings than those of immigrant females married to other immigrants. Using 1970 and 1870 samples of IPUMS data, I estimate an earnings equation through OLS. I also correct for the labor force selection bias using the Heckman procedure. I finally take into account the endogeneity of intermarriage and apply a twostage least squares (2SLS) estimation procedure. I find that there is a positive marriage premium among immigrant females …

The Effects Of Maternal Welfare Receipt On Children’S Development, Nikolay O. Doskov

Gettysburg Economic Review

Over the past 25 years, welfare and other public policies for families living below the poverty line have developed a primary objective of promoting parents’ self-sufficiency. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), passed in 1996, was a milestone in this effort, limiting the number of years that families can receive federal cash welfare assistance and requiring most of them to participate in work-related activities to be eligible for such assistance. This new emphasis on work was one of the main reasons for the dramatic decline in welfare dependency during the late 1990s. The new legislation, however, also …

The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 1, Spring 2006

Gettysburg Economic Review

No abstract provided.

Public Expenditure On Education And Income Inequality In Malaysia, Chu Kok Wee

Student Works (2000-2009)

The effects of education expenditure and education inequality on income inequality have been the focus of attention of many researchers and policymakers. In Malaysia, the evaluation of the effect of educational funding on economic inequality is an important and difficult task. It is important because education probably has some major impact on economic inequality; certainly Malaysian and the government have consistently assumed that it does. But it is also difficult because education's effects on society are multiple and complex; and scholars have been unable to agree, despite extensive study and discussion in recent years, about which effects are most important. …

Social Wage Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Soc. wage: Discussing social spending, the concept of the welfare state, and transfers between classes [Handwritten notes for Economics 205]. Shaikh, A. (1992, March 17). Unpublished manuscript.

• On the “social wage”: Discussing post-war capitalism, expansion of the state role, and transfer payments to labor, including a table on sources of workers’ consumption from 1947–1977 and critiques of Bowles and Gintis [Paper]. Shaikh, A. (1984, May). Unpublished manuscript.

• My data, social wage: Comparing labor taxes and social consumption for 1952, 1961, and 1970 [Table]. Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Unpublished manuscript.

• The estimation procedure of net …

Social Wage, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Anwar Shaikh. (1984, May). On the “social wage” (Unpublished manuscript). Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.

Nigeria's Economic Outlook, B. U. Ekong

Bullion

The immediate post-war era brought into the Nigerian economy some of the most significant structural transformations ever imagined. From a position of dominant dependence on agriculture, the Nigerian economy swang over to that of dominant dependence on crude petroleum production for foreign exchange earnings, for government revenues and as the main source of incomes for investment, trade and general economic development. The article therefore reviews the post war policies covering 1973 to 1977. The paper further discusses Nigeria's economic outlook while focusing on fiscal outlook, exchange control measures, petroleum export, private sector investment, income policy, monetary and fiscal policy measures.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1965, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

CBN Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for 1965 discussed the economic performance of Nigeria with emphasis on inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate stability, banking sector performance, monetary policy, financial stability, fiscal policy, and regulatory updates. Two major developments dominated the world economic scene in 1965. One was the overall slowdown of economic expansion in most industrialized countries. The other was the overall contraction in the growth rate of world trade and in the flow of international capital. Due to the problem of balance of payment disequilibrium, the industrialized countries intensified economic measures to achieve internal stability and equilibrium …