Economic Theory Commons^™

Opportunity Cost, Inattention And The Bidder's Curse, David J. Freeman, Erik O. Kimbrough, J. Philipp Reiss

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Auction winners sometimes suffer a “bidder’s curse”, paying more for an item at auction than the fixed price charged for an identical item by other sellers. This seemingly irrational behavior is puzzling because the information necessary to avoid overpaying would appear to be readily available to bidders, yet they seem to ignore it. To understand this behavior, we consider the bidders’ decisions whether to acquire information about the fixed price before bidding, in the presence of opportunity costs. Our theory introduces costly information acquisition into an auction model, with a fixed price aftermarket selling an identical good. When information about …

The Impact Of Taxes And Wasteful Government Spending On Giving, Roman Sheremeta, Neslihan Uler

ESI Working Papers

We examine how taxes impact charitable giving and how this relationship is affected by the degree of wasteful government spending. In our model, individuals make donations to charities knowing that the government collects a flat-rate tax on income (net of charitable donations) and redistributes part of the tax revenue. The rest of the tax revenue is wasted. The model predicts that a higher tax rate increases charitable donations. Surprisingly, the model shows that a higher degree of waste decreases donations (when the elasticity of marginal utility with respect to consumption is high enough). We test the model’s predictions using a …

The Economics Of Babysitting A Robot, Aleksandr Alekseev

ESI Working Papers

I study the welfare effect of automation on workers in a setting where technology is complementary but imperfect. Using a modified task-based framework, I argue that imperfect complementary automation can impose non-pecuniary costs on workers via a behavioral channel. The theoretical model suggests that a critical factor determining the welfare effect of imperfect complementary automation is the automatability of the production process. I confirm the model's predictions in an experiment that elicits subjects' revealed preference for automation. Increasing automatability leads to a significant increase in the demand for automation. I explore additional drivers of the demand for automation using machine …

Immune Function During Pregnancy Varies Between Ecologically Distinct Populations, Carmen Hové, Benjamin C. Trumble, Amy S. Anderson, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven, Aaron Blackwell

ESI Publications

Background and objectives

Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA.

Methodology

Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and …

Public Leaderboard Feedback In Sampling Competition: An Experimental Investigation, Stanton Hudja, Brian Roberson, Yaroslav Rosokha

ESI Working Papers

We investigate the role of performance feedback, in the form of a public leaderboard, in a sequential-sampling contest with costly observations. The player whose sequential random sample contains the observation with the highest value wins the contest and obtains a prize with a fixed value. We find that there exist parameter configurations such that in the subgame perfect equilibrium of contests with a fixed ending date (i.e., finite horizon), providing public performance feedback results in fewer expected observations and a lower expected value of the winning observation. We conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the theoretical predictions, and find …

Forecasting Skills In Experimental Markets: Illusion Or Reality?, Brice Corgnet, Cary Deck, Mark Desantis, David Porter

ESI Working Papers

Using experimental asset markets, we study the situation of a financial analyst who is trying to infer the fundamental value of an asset by observing the market’s history. We find that such capacity requires both standard cognitive skills (IQ) as well as social and emotional skills. However, forecasters with high emotional skills tend to perform worse when market mispricing is high as they tend to give too much emphasis to the noisy signals from market data. By contrast, forecasters with high social skills perform especially well in markets with high levels of mispricing in which their skills could help them …

Trust, Reciprocity, And Social History: New Pathways Of Learning When Max U (Own Reward) Fails Decisively, Vernon L. Smith

ESI Working Papers

"This evaluation begins with the BDM protocol—itself a methodological contribution—and the experimental findings. The question of the replicability and robustness of these unexpected results is addressed next in a summary of two subsequent experimental papers. We follow with a discussion of two attempts to explain qua understand the BDM findings; both, however, have methological deficiencies—Reciprocity and Social Preference explanations. Finally, we offer a brief on Adam Smith’s (1759; 1853; hereafter in the text, Sentiments) model of human sociability, based on strictly self-interested actors, that culminates in propositions that (1) account for trust game choices, and (2) predict action in new …

Waktu Tunggu Pemulangan Pasien Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Swasta X Di Tangerang Selatan, Supriadi Supriadi, Prezhy Putri

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This study aims to obtain an overview of the waiting time of inpatients discharge from 3 groups of patients and the factors causing the long waiting time. The 3 groups of patients are private payment patients, BPJS Kesehatan patients and private health insurance patients.This research is a descriptive study with data of 150 patients, divided into 50 patients for each group. All patient data were observed for discharge waiting time process in the inpatient administration unit. To complete the information on factors causing the lengthy waiting time for patient discharge, interviews were conducted with inpatient administration officers.The observation show, it …

Identifikasi Kelengkapan Pengisian Metadata Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan Rsia Bunda Aliyah Depok, Nur Fadilah Dewi, Niko Grataridarga, Rahmi Setiawati, Qonita Naila Syahidah

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

Background: Medical records / patient medical records are an important part in helping the implementation of health services to patients in the hospital. Based on Permenkes No. regulation 269 / Menkes / Per / III / 2008, a medical record is a file that contains records and documents about the patient's identity, examination, treatment measures and other services that have been provided to the patient. The research objective is to identify the completeness of filling medical records in the outpatient unit of RSIA Bunda Aliyah, in the context of efforts to improve health services in hospitals, medical records can also …

Efektivitas Ecompass Sebagai Electronic Document Management System (Edms) Dalam Mendukung Performa Unit Kerja Di Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan, Wahyu Nofiantoro, Anisya Dewi Kusmardianto

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

LPS is an independent institution established under the Law of Republic of Indonesia number 24 year 2004 on the Deposit Guarantee Board, which aims to ensure the savings of the banking customer in Indonesia. In doing its job, LPS implements a system named eCompass as Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) that has features to manage organizational documents but only a small part of working units in the LPS that have utilized the system, the purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of eCompass information system to the archive unit that has used eCompass system in LPS. The Weaver …

Kelemahan Penggunaan E-Filling Pada Pengisian Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi Dengan Periode Penghasilan Kurang Dari 12 Bulan, Titin F. Nur, Febry Valentinus

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This study aims to determine one of the weaknesses of the e-filing applications in reporting Annual Personal Tax Return with a case of earning less than 12 months. This study uses qualitative methods and data collection techniques used are literature studies, interviews and field studies. The selection of respondents with the following criteria : an individual taxpayer, has income from one employer in Jakarta with income period less than 12 months. Data analysis is carried out by reducing data, calculating, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study are using e-Filing application for reporting normal tax return is …

Analisis Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Pt Asuransi Purna Artanugraha, Mochammad Ulin Nuha, Sayyida Afifa, Karin Amelia Safitri

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

In order for the company to progress in achieving profitability, it implements the Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Principle. PT Asuransi Purna Artanugraha is conducting a compliance test by assessing each division so that problems do not arise or fraud that is not in accordance with company rules. Good Corporate governance, if good, it will get a good company value PT ASURANSI Purna Artanugraha will increase. The author will look for differences in the value of Good Corporate Governance of Full Artanugraha Insurance Companies in 2017 and 2018 in order to know the effectiveness of their application in the two years. …

Analisis Asosiasi Merek Iphone Pada Mahasiswa Vokasi Ui Di Masa Pandemi, Arius Krypton

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This article highlights the integrated marketing communication strategy used by Iphone as a premium smartphone brand facing the competition with other brand during the pandemic.This research will discuss how Iphone is associated by its customer. The theory used on this research is consumer based research by Heding, Knudtzen and Mogens. In depth interviews took place to several Iphone users Vokasi UI college students as a data collecting method. All informants associated the Iphone brand not only for its high price but also from its product quality, shape, features, user experience and symbolic meaning are the result of this research. Consumer …

Peran Dan Fungsi Divisi Sekretariat Pada Pt Xyz, Radityo Kusumo Santoso, Nur Fadilah Dewi, Salsa Aliffia

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This Final Project Task aims to provide information related to the Application of the Role and Function of the Secretariat Division in Supporting Division Performance at PT Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero). In carrying out this task, the secretariat division requires a performance appraisal to support the performance of the division. Therefore in the assessment, a questionnaire is needed to produce an answer from the respondent where the results are use for a data test in a validity test data using SPSS V.26 software, the next step is reliability test that aims to determine the extent to which the measurement result …

Implementasi Sapta Pesona Sebagai Upaya Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Prima Pada Wisatawan Di Desa Wisata Pentingsari, Rahmi Setiawati, Pandu Siwi Tri Aji

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

The application of Sapta Pesona is one of the efforts in providing excellent services to tourists, especially for tourism villages, so that the participation of the community consisting of tourism consicious groups, hoemestay owners and the government is needed. This Study aims to describe the application of Sapta Pesona in Pentingsari Village in Providing excellent service. The Concept used is excellent service, village tourism and community based tourism. The research method used was qualitative with interview, observation and literature study date collection Techniques. The result of the Tourism Village, Because the tourism village has special characteristics that can be used …

Strategic Problems With Risky Prospects, Alessandro Sontuoso, Cristina Bicchieri, Alexander Funcke, Einav Hart

ESI Working Papers

We study “hypothetical reasoning” in games where the impact of risky prospects (chance moves with commonly-known conditional probabilities) is compounded by strategic uncertainty. We embed such games in an environment that permits us to verify if risk-taking behavior is affected by information that reduces the extent of strategic uncertainty. We then test some implications of expected utility theory, while making minimal assumptions about individuals’ (risk or ambiguity) attitudes. Results indicate an effect of the information on behavior: this effect is triggered in some cases by a belief-revision about others’ actions, and in other cases by a reversal in risk …

Working Paper No. 49, On Joseph Schumpeter And Economic Development, Serene Mistkawi

Working Papers in Economics

In his writings Joseph Schumpeter stresses the important role played by the entrepreneur, serving as the agent bringing about change and contributing dynamic activities to an economy. Also, Schumpeter views capitalism as an evolving system, with his entrepreneur contributing to this evolution. Schumpeter also stresses the importance of innovation for enabling an entrepreneur to earn and accumulate profits. Related to innovation, Schumpeter’s entrepreneur can help bring about a “creative destruction.” This is thought to take place as outmoded businesses fail and their productive assets are bought up and creatively reorganized and brought back into production. In this manner, Schumpeter’s entrepreneur …

Working Paper No. 44, The Evolution Of The Landlord, Jaye Balentine

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that the meaning of the term ‘the landlord’ has evolved over the course of history. In this sense, this inquiry contributes not only to the disciplines of History and Politics, but also to the field of the History of Economic Thought and the subfield of Evolutionary-Institutional Economics, carrying on the tradition established by Thorstein Veblen. A pervasive and dominant institution during the feudal era, the landlord has since evolved considerably, shifting away from the position of a predominantly political institution into a more economically oriented, capitalist institution. As a figure and agent operating within societies, …

Rationing Social Contact During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Transmission Risk And Social Benefits Of Us Locations, Seth G. Benzell, Avinash Collis, Christos Nicolaides

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and …

Willingness To Pay Of Urban Households For The Conservation Of Natural Resources And Cultural Heritage In A Neighboring Rural Area: A Cvm Study, Rosalina Palanca-Tan

Economics Department Faculty Publications

Koronadal households benefit from Lake Sebu’s natural resources (lakes, waterfalls, rivers and springs, forest land, agricultural land) and cultural heritage (arts and handicrafts such as T’nalak weaving, brass casting, beadwork, and wood carving; music and dances; festivals; and beliefs and traditions of the T’boli indigenous tribe) in terms of recreation, good image and sense of pride, tourism income generation, the supply of high-quality tilapia, agricultural products supply, potential hydroelectric power source, biodiversity, and climate change mitigation. These benefits are integrated into a single estimate using the contingent valuation method. In the study, a sample of 524 Koronadal households was asked …

The Ethics Of Capitalism: An Introduction, Daniel Halliday, John Thrasher

Philosophy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"The textbook covers longstanding problems that are as old as the discussion of capitalism itself, such as wage inequality, global trade, and the connection between paid labor and human flourishing. It also addresses new challenges, such as climate change, the welfare state, and competitive consumption, and provides topical global case studies. Additionally, it includes study questions at the end of each chapter and an author-created companion website to help guide classroom discussion."

Efficiency, Quality Of Forecasts And Radner Equilibria, Shurojit Chatterji, Atsushi Kajii

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study a simple two period economy with no uncertainty and complete markets where agents trade based on forecasts about the second period spot price. We propose as our solution concept a set of forecasts with the following properties: there exist (heterogenous) forecasts contained in this set that lead to efficient allocations, the set contains only those forecasts that correspond to some efficient equilibrium, and Önally that the forecasts assign positive probability to the actual market clearing spot price. We call such a set of prices an efficient equilibrium with ambiguity, and interpret it as a generalization of Radner equilibrium …

Inequality In Foraging And Farming Societies: An Experimental Approach, Antonio J. Morales, Ismael Rodriguez-Lara

ESI Working Papers

We propose two games that resemble the conditions of human societies before and after the Neolithic agricultural revolution to test the hypothesis that the modes of production affected the level of inequality. We replicate the findings that foraging societies organized themselves around social division of labour and were more egalitarian than farming societies. We also find evidence that i) the transition from foraging to farming societies was heterogeneous, with groups that quickly adopted the agricultural practice and others that never experienced it, and ii) inequality in farming societies increases as agriculture settles. Our experimental data further suggest that the transition …

Religion In Economic History: A Survey, Sascha O. Becker, Jared Rubin, Ludger Woessmann

ESI Working Papers

This chapter surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and on the period up to WWII. Works on Judaism address Jewish occupational specialization, human capital, emancipation, and the causes and consequences of Jewish persecution. One set of papers on Christianity studies the role of the Catholic Church in European economic history since the medieval period. Taking advantage of newly digitized data and advanced econometric techniques, the voluminous literature on the Protestant Reformation studies its …

Trade Facilitation And Tariff Evasion, Cosimo Beverelli, Rohit Ticku

ESI Working Papers

This paper investigates the extent to which trade facilitation measures included in the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement affect tariff evasion. In a dataset covering 121 countries and the whole set of HS6 product categories in 2012, 2015, and 2017, the paper shows that trade facilitation measures that improve legal certainty for traders moderate tariff evasion. Holding tariff rate constant at its mean, one standard deviation improvement in trade facilitation measures related to legal certainty reduces tariff evasion, as measured by missing imports in trade statistics, by almost 12%. In a counterfactual with full trade liberalization, countries with higher scores on …

Trust And Trustworthiness After Negative Random Shocks, Hernán Bejarano, Joris Gillet, Ismael Rodriguez-Lara

ESI Working Papers

We investigate experimentally the effect of a negative endowment shock in a trust game to assess whether different causes of inequality have different effects on trust and trustworthiness. In our trust game there may be inequality in favor of the second mover and this may (or may not) be the result of a negative random shock (i.e., the outcome of a die roll) that decreases the endowment of the first-mover. Our findings suggest that inequality leads to differences in behavior. First-movers send more of their endowment and second-movers return more when there is inequality. However, we do not find support …

The Effect Of Piracy Website Blocking On Consumer Behavior, Brett Danaher, Jonathan Hersh, Michael D. Smith, Rahul Telang

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

In this study, we ask what drives the success or failure of various supply-side anti-piracy enforcement actions such as piracy website blocking. We do this in the context of three court-ordered events affecting consumers in the United Kingdom: We first study Internet Service Providers’ blocking of 53 video piracy sites in 2014 and of 19 piracy sites in 2013, and we then study the blocking of a single dominant site, “The Pirate Bay,” in 2012.

We show that blocking 53 sites in 2014 caused treated users to decrease piracy and to increase their usage of legal subscription sites between 7% …

Sanctuary Cities And Their Respective Effect On Crime Rates, Adam R. Schutt

Undergraduate Economic Review

According to the U.S. Center for Immigration Studies (2017), cities or counties in twenty-four states declare themselves as a place of “sanctuary” for illegal immigrants. This study addresses the following question: Do sanctuary cities experience higher crime rates than those cities that are not? Using publicly available data, this regression analysis investigates the relationship between crime rates in selected cities and independent variables which the research literature or the media has linked to criminal activity. Results of this research reveal that sanctuary cities do not experience higher violent or property crime rates than those cities that are not sanctuary cities.

Shocks To Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply In The Midst Of Covid-19, Anna M. Gellerman

Publications and Research

COVID-19 sent shockwaves throughout the economy, changing the amounts of goods and services distributed and altering the demand. This article discusses the negative demand shock and adverse supply shock that the U.S. economy faced in 2020, and the policies that the government implemented to reverse these effects.

Development Of A New Us Currency For The Post-Pandemic Remote Culture, F. Matthew Mihelic

Faculty Publications

The contemporary dollar currency was already under significant pressure prior to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the economic pressures resulting from the national and world “lockdown” have very significantly exacerbated the vulnerabilities of those Federal Reserve Notes. The ostensible nationalization of the Federal Reserve by the United States federal government in April 2020 is a harbinger of a need to restructure the US currency. Today’s developing remote culture necessitates a new form of electronic currency. Herein is a conceptual blueprint for the development of such a restructured US currency that would function in the post-pandemic remote culture.