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LABOR MARKET ISSUES

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Full-Text Articles in Economics

Human Resource Economics And Public Policy: Essays In Honor Of Vernon M. Briggs Jr., Charles J. Whalen Editor Nov 2009

Human Resource Economics And Public Policy: Essays In Honor Of Vernon M. Briggs Jr., Charles J. Whalen Editor

Upjohn Press

This book pays tribute to Vernon Briggs and his enduring mark on the study of human resources. The chapters, by his students and colleagues, explore and extend Briggs’s work on employment, education and training, immigration, and local labor markets. His unwavering emphasis on institutional reality, public policy, and economic dynamics animates the entire collection.


Employment And Training Policy In The United States During The Economic Crisis, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts Nov 2009

Employment And Training Policy In The United States During The Economic Crisis, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.


Employment And Training Policy In The United States During The Economic Crisis, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts Nov 2009

Employment And Training Policy In The United States During The Economic Crisis, Christopher J. O'Leary, Randall W. Eberts

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper examines labor market conditions and public employment policies in the United States during what some are calling the Great Recession. We document the dramatic labor market changes that rapidly unfolded when the rate of gross domestic product growth turned negative, from the end of 2007 through early 2009. The paper reviews the resulting stress on labor market support programs and the broad federal response. That response came through modifications to existing programs and the introduction of new mechanisms to help Americans cope with job loss and protracted unemployment. The particular focus is on federally supported public programs for …


Sustainable Prosperity In The New Economy?: Business Organization And High-Tech Employment In The United States, William Lazonick Sep 2009

Sustainable Prosperity In The New Economy?: Business Organization And High-Tech Employment In The United States, William Lazonick

Upjohn Press

Lazonick explores the origins of the new era of employment insecurity and income inequality, and considers what governments, businesses, and individuals can do about it. He also asks whether the United States can refashion its high-tech business model to generate stable and equitable economic growth.


What Do We Know About Contracting Out In The United States? Evidence From Household And Establishment Surveys, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka Sep 2009

What Do We Know About Contracting Out In The United States? Evidence From Household And Establishment Surveys, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

A variety of evidence points to significant growth in domestic contracting out over the last two decades, yet the phenomenon is not well documented. In this paper, we pull together data from various sources to shed light on the extent of and trends in domestic outsourcing, the occupations in which it has grown, and the industries engaging in outsourcing for the employment services sector, which has been a particularly important area of domestic outsourcing. In addition, we examine evidence of contracting out of selected occupations to other sectors. We point to many gaps in our knowledge on trends in domestic …


Strategies For Improving Economic Mobility Of Workers: Bridging Research And Practice, Maude Toussaint-Comeau Editor, Bruce D. Meyer Editor Aug 2009

Strategies For Improving Economic Mobility Of Workers: Bridging Research And Practice, Maude Toussaint-Comeau Editor, Bruce D. Meyer Editor

Upjohn Press

The contributors to this book provide a provocative assessment of the effectiveness of various policies and practices designed to help disadvantaged segments of our population overcome the obstacles in their path to upward economic mobility.


U.S. Training And Re-Training Programs In The Economic Crisis, Randall W. Eberts Aug 2009

U.S. Training And Re-Training Programs In The Economic Crisis, Randall W. Eberts

Periodical Articles

No abstract provided.


Health Insurance Tax Credits And Health Insurance Coverage Of Low-Income Single Mothers, Merve Cebi, Stephen A. Woodbury Apr 2009

Health Insurance Tax Credits And Health Insurance Coverage Of Low-Income Single Mothers, Merve Cebi, Stephen A. Woodbury

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Women, Work, And Welfare Reform, Kristin S. Seefeldt Apr 2009

Women, Work, And Welfare Reform, Kristin S. Seefeldt

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


The Obama's Administration Likely Changes In U.S. Employment Policy, Randall W. Eberts Jan 2009

The Obama's Administration Likely Changes In U.S. Employment Policy, Randall W. Eberts

Periodical Articles

No abstract provided.


Time Use Of Mothers In The United States: Recent Evidence From The American Time Use Survey, Rachel Connelly, Jean Kimmel Jan 2009

Time Use Of Mothers In The United States: Recent Evidence From The American Time Use Survey, Rachel Connelly, Jean Kimmel

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


The U.S. Economic Crisis And A Revised New Jobs Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik Oct 2008

The U.S. Economic Crisis And A Revised New Jobs Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

An efficacious economic stimulus to help the U.S. economy recover from its current recession is the revival of the New Jobs Tax Credit. Unlike the original credit utilized by the federal government in 1977– 1978, the new version should be a refundable credit but at a lower current dollar value. My 2001 book, Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor Demand Policies Help? proposed a permanent version f the New Jobs Tax Credit that would be automatically triggered when the unemployment rate is high. My estimates, updated to 2008, suggest that such a revised credit might increase aggregate U.S. employment by …


Strategies For Improving Economic Mobility Of Workers, Maude Toussaint-Comeau Oct 2008

Strategies For Improving Economic Mobility Of Workers, Maude Toussaint-Comeau

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Older And Out Of Work: Jobs And Social Insurance For A Changing Economy, Randall W. Eberts Editor, Richard A. Hobbie Editor Aug 2008

Older And Out Of Work: Jobs And Social Insurance For A Changing Economy, Randall W. Eberts Editor, Richard A. Hobbie Editor

Upjohn Press

The chapters in this volume, originally presented at a conference organized by the National Academy of Social Insurance, come from a group of policy experts who advance our understanding of the labor market experiences of older workers while pointing out that current workforce programs often leave this growing population underserved.


How Do We Spend Our Time?: Evidence From The American Time Use Study, Jean Kimmel Editor Aug 2008

How Do We Spend Our Time?: Evidence From The American Time Use Study, Jean Kimmel Editor

Upjohn Press

This book offers contributions from a number of noted economists who use the American Time Use Survey to reveal findings that have numerous implications for the U.S. labor market. The authors examine topics such as child care, housework, household production and consumption, and shift work. In each case, the focus is on the value of time and how time spent on one activity instead of another represents value gained for the first activity and value lost for the second.


Building Equitable Communities: A New Role For City Hall, Kiran Cunningham, Hannah J. Mckinney Jul 2008

Building Equitable Communities: A New Role For City Hall, Kiran Cunningham, Hannah J. Mckinney

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


A Future Of Good Jobs?: America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik Editor, Susan N. Houseman Editor Mar 2008

A Future Of Good Jobs?: America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik Editor, Susan N. Houseman Editor

Upjohn Press

Can the U.S. economy generate healthy growth of “good” jobs—jobs that will ensure a steady improvement in the standard of living for the middle class and that will offer a way out of poverty for low-income Americans? In this book, leading policy analysts examine the challenges facing current U.S. labor market policy and propose concrete steps to make American workers and employers more competitive in a global economy.


Working After Welfare: How Women Balance Jobs And Family In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Kristin S. Seefeldt Jan 2008

Working After Welfare: How Women Balance Jobs And Family In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Kristin S. Seefeldt

Upjohn Press

This book, tapping into the quantitative and qualitative evidence gathered in the Women’s Employment Study (WES), offers insights into the lives of women in an urban Michigan county who left welfare for work and the role their family decisions play in their labor market decisions.


A Future Of Good Jobs? America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik, Susan N. Houseman Oct 2007

A Future Of Good Jobs? America's Challenge In The Global Economy, Timothy J. Bartik, Susan N. Houseman

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber Jun 2007

Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In a seminal paper, Gibbons and Katz (1991) develop and empirically test an asymmetric information model of the labor market. The model predicts that wage losses following displacement should be larger for layoffs than for plant closings, which was borne out by data from the Displaced Workers Survey (DWS). In this paper, we take advantage of many more years of DWS data to examine how the difference in wage losses across plant closings and layoffs varies with race and gender. We find that the differences between white males and the other groups are striking and complex. The "lemons effect" of …


Temporary Help Service Firms' Use Of Employer Tax Credits: Implications For Disadvantaged Workers' Labor Market Outcomes, Sarah Hamersma, Carolyn J. Heinrich Feb 2007

Temporary Help Service Firms' Use Of Employer Tax Credits: Implications For Disadvantaged Workers' Labor Market Outcomes, Sarah Hamersma, Carolyn J. Heinrich

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Temporary help services (THS) firms are increasing their hiring of disadvantaged individuals and claiming more subsidies for doing so. Do these subsidies-the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Welfare-to-Work Tax Credit (WtW)-create incentives that improve employment outcomes for THS workers? We examine the distinct effects of THS employment and WOTC/WtW subsidies using administrative and survey data. Results indicate that WOTC/WtW-certified THS workers have higher earnings than WOTC-eligible but uncertified THS workers. However, these workers have shorter job tenure and lower earnings than WOTC/WtW-certified workers in non-THS industries. Panel estimates suggest that these effects do not persist over time.


Outsourcing To Staffing Services: How Manufacturers' Use Of Staffing Agencies Affects Employment And Productivity Measurement, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka Jan 2007

Outsourcing To Staffing Services: How Manufacturers' Use Of Staffing Agencies Affects Employment And Productivity Measurement, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Manufacturers' Outsourcing To Employment Services, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka Dec 2006

Manufacturers' Outsourcing To Employment Services, Matthew Dey, Susan N. Houseman, Anne E. Polivka

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We estimate the effects of manufacturers' use of employment services—comprised primarily of temporary help and professional employer organizations—on measured employment and labor productivity in manufacturing between 1989 and 2004. A major contribution of the paper is the construction of panel data on employment by occupation and industry from the Occupational Employment Statistics program. We use these data to document the dramatic rise of production and other manual occupations within the employment services sector and, in conjunction with information from the Contingent Worker Supplements, to estimate the number of employment services workers assigned to manufacturing over the period. Although measured employment …


The Shadow Workforce: Perspectives On Contingent Work In The United States, Japan, And Europe, Sandra E. Gleason Editor Nov 2006

The Shadow Workforce: Perspectives On Contingent Work In The United States, Japan, And Europe, Sandra E. Gleason Editor

Upjohn Press

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of nonstandard employment and its impact on employees, businesses, unions, and public policy. It not only reveals how nonstandard employment operates in the United States, Japan, and Europe, it also highlights the important similarities and differences in the labor market issues faced in those areas.


Local Market Scale And The Pattern Of Job Changes Among Young Men, Christopher H. Wheeler Nov 2006

Local Market Scale And The Pattern Of Job Changes Among Young Men, Christopher H. Wheeler

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In finding a career, workers tend to make numerous job changes, with the majority of 'complex' changes (i.e., those involving changes of industry) occurring relatively early in their working lives. This pattern suggests that workers tend to experiment with different types of work before settling on the one they like best. Of course, since the extent of economic diversity differs substantially across local labor markets in the U.S. (e.g., counties and cities), this career search process may exhibit important differences depending on the size of a worker’s local market. This paper explores this issue using a sample of young male …


Social Security And The Stock Market: How The Pursuit Of Market Magic Shapes The System, Alicia Haydock Munnell, Steven A. Sass Oct 2006

Social Security And The Stock Market: How The Pursuit Of Market Magic Shapes The System, Alicia Haydock Munnell, Steven A. Sass

Upjohn Press

Munnell and Sass explore whether equities could help solve the woes facing the U.S. retirement income system in general, and the Social Security shortfall in particular. They examine the experiences of three nations that added equities to the investment mix of their retirement systems—the U.K., Australia, and Canada. As these experiences show, while equities promise higher returns than government bonds, how they are implemented—as add-ons, carve-outs, or as trust fund supplements—matters greatly.


Retiree Health Benefits And Retirement, James Marton, Stephen A. Woodbury Oct 2006

Retiree Health Benefits And Retirement, James Marton, Stephen A. Woodbury

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Justice On The Job: Perspectives On The Erosion Of Collective Bargaining In The United States, Richard N. Block Editor, Sheldon Friedman Editor, Michelle Kaminski Editor, Andy Levin Editor Aug 2006

Justice On The Job: Perspectives On The Erosion Of Collective Bargaining In The United States, Richard N. Block Editor, Sheldon Friedman Editor, Michelle Kaminski Editor, Andy Levin Editor

Upjohn Press

This volume presents an influential group of researchers who examine the current state of workers’ freedom to form unions and bargain collectively. All of the researchers present empirical evidence to support their innovative ideas for advancing workers' rights.


Unemployment Insurance And Reemployment Among Older Workers, Christopher J. O'Leary, U.S. Dept. Of Labor, Employment And Training Administration Jul 2006

Unemployment Insurance And Reemployment Among Older Workers, Christopher J. O'Leary, U.S. Dept. Of Labor, Employment And Training Administration

External Papers and Reports

This paper examines the adjustment to involuntary unemployment of older and prime age unemployment insurance (UI) claimants including patterns of reemployment, earnings, and employment stability following job loss. The paper compares the experience of older workers aged 50 years and over with prime age workers aged 30 to 49 following a claim for UI benefits during the major labor market contraction in 2001. The data examined includes records maintained for program administration. The data on UI claimants includes those eligible for UI, those ineligible for UI, and those who exhausted UI. The study examines differences across older and prime age …


Retiree Health Benefits And Retirement, James Marton, Stephen A. Woodbury Jul 2006

Retiree Health Benefits And Retirement, James Marton, Stephen A. Woodbury

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Employer-provided health benefit coverage for workers who retire before age 65 has fallen over the last decade. We examine a cohort of male workers from the Health and Retirement Survey to examine questions about the dynamics of retiree health benefits and the relationship between retiree health benefits and retirement behavior, which is important for the debate over increasing health coverage for older Americans without reducing work incentives. On dynamics, we find that between 1992 and 1996, 24 percent of full-time workers who had retiree health benefits lost their coverage, while 15 percent of full-time workers who lacked coverage gained it. …