Economics Commons^™

Part 6: The Youth Of Hampton Roads: Pride Or Problem, Regional Studies Institute, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

By several measures, our region’s youth are not doing so well. Particularly problematic are the high percentages of youth who live in poverty and babies born to very young mothers. It is easy to track the societal problems that result.

World Bank, Adrienne Stohr

Human Rights & Human Welfare

The mission of the World Bank is to aid developing countries stabilize their economies through financial and technical assistance. The five dominant themes that emerge in a review of the World Bank literature are: health, gender, environment, globalization, and global governance. Each of these themes is broadly related to issues that consistently influence the larger issue of how the World Bank incorporates, rejects, or impacts human rights.

Grading In Games Of Status: Marking Exams And Setting Wages, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We introduce grading into games of status. Each player chooses effort, producing a stochastic output or score. Utilities depend on the ranking of all the scores. By clustering scores into grades, the ranking is coarsened, and the incentives to work are changed. We first apply games of status to grading exams. Our main conclusion is that if students care primarily about their status (relative rank) in class, they are often best motivated to work not by revealing their exact numerical exam scores (100,99,…,1), but instead by clumping them into coarse categories ( A,B,C ). When student abilities are disparate, the …

Grading In Games Of Status: Marking Exams And Setting Wages, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We introduce grading into games of status. Each player chooses effort, producing a stochastic output or score. Utilities depend on the ranking of all the scores. By clustering scores into grades, the ranking is coarsened, and the incentives to work are changed. We first apply games of status to grading exams. Our main conclusion is that if students care primarily about their status (relative rank) in class, they are often best motivated to work not by revealing their exact numerical exam scores (100,99,…,1), but instead by clumping them into coarse categories ( A,B,C ). When student abilities are disparate, the …

2005-4 What Can Be Learned About Peer Effects Using College Roommates? Evidence From New Survey Data And Students From Disadvantaged Backgrounds, Todd R. Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of A Specific After-School Academic Intervention Program On The Success Of At Risk Students, Thomas A. Smith

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Education, Technological Progress And Economic Growth, Winston T. H. Koh, Hing-Man Leung

Research Collection School Of Economics

An important role of education – and the resultant accumulation of human capital – for a less-developed economy is to facilitate technology diffusion in order for it to catch up with developed economies. This paper presents a model linking education, the accumulation of physical capital and technological progress. In the model, investment in education and the accumulation of physical capital are complementary, and intertwine with the technology progress through related effects on technology diffusion and the expansion of the technology frontier. The allocation of effort to education, the optimal savings rate and the technology gap are endogenously determined in the …

Grading Exams: 100, 99, ..., 1 Or A, B, C? Incentives In Games Of Status, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We show that if students care primarily about their status (relative rank) in class, they are best motivated to work not by revealing their exact numerical exam scores (100,99,…,1), but instead by clumping them in broad categories (A,B,C). If their abilities are disparate, the optimal grading scheme awards fewer A’s than there are alpha-quality students, creating small elites. If their abilities are common knowledge, then it is better to grade them on an absolute scale (100 to 90 is an A, etc.) rather than on a curve (top 15% is an A, etc.). We develop criteria for optimal grading schemes …

Part 2: How Do We Compare? Hampton Roads Versus Other Regions, Regional Studies Institute, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Per capita income in Hampton Roads has been rising and, after we factor in the cost of living, now is about 6 percent above the national average. This is a startling reversal from the late 1990s when the region was well below the national average. Housing prices here continue to be lower than the national average, as is our overall cost of living. Our air is cleaner than the national average and we rate high in terms of cultural amenities, but founder with regard to several measures of educational attainment.

Dynamics Of The Australian Youth Labour Market : The 1975 Cohort, 1996-2000, Gary Marks, Kylie Hillman, Adrian Beavis

LSAY Research Reports

Over the last three decades, the transition from full-time education to full-time work has been characterised as problematic for a significant proportion of young adults. It is often argued that a high proportion of young people continually move between unemployment, part-time work, low status full-time work and withdrawal from the labour force. Young people are viewed as ‘significant losers’ from changes in the labour force that have occurred over recent decades (Spierings, 1999).

This report focuses on labour market dynamics between the ages of 20 and 25 for a cohort of young people born in 1975. The early 20s is …

El Paso's Digital Divide: A Multivariate Analysis Of Computer Ownership And Internet Access From Home In El Paso County, Mathew Mcelroy, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

2003-7 The Long-Term Effects Of Graduating From High School During A Recession: Bad Luck Or Forced Opportunity?, Audra J. Bowlus, Haoming Liu

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Education, Technological Progress And Economic Growth, Winston T. H. Koh, Hing-Man Leung

Research Collection School Of Economics

An important role of education – and the resultant accumulation of human capital – for a less-developed economy is to facilitate technology diffusion in order for it to catch up with developed economies. This paper presents a model linking education, the accumulation of physical capital and technological progress. In the model, investment in education and the accumulation of physical capital are complementary, and intertwine with the technology progress through related effects on technology diffusion and the expansion of the technology frontier. The allocation of effort to education, the optimal savings rate and the technology gap are endogenously determined in the …

Priming The Pump: Research As A Catalyst For Economic Growth, Jeffery T. Collins, Craig T. Schulman

Publications and Presentations

This analysis is designed to answer several important questions regarding the impact of research dollars invested in the state of Arkansas. We begin by discussing the state of the state in terms of income measures and measures of educational attainment levels. Throughout this analysis, the state of Arkansas is compared to the U.S., to a group of peer states , and, initially, to the state of Mississippi.

Next, we examine the linkage between income and education. We also examine higher education in the state in terms of spending, access and research dollars. From this general description we examine the present …

2002-4 Intergenerational Persistence Of Earnings: The Role Of Early And College Education, Diego Restuccia, Carlos Urrutia

Economic Policy Research Institute. EPRI Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Effective Best Practices For School Boards: Linking Local Governance With Student Academic Success, Christine Thurlow Brenner, Gary L. Sullivan, Elizabeth Dalton

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Private Universities In Kenya, Amadu Jacky Kaba

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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What Determines Public Education Expenditures In A Transition Economy?, Inna Verbina, Abdur Chowdhury

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

Recent studies suggest that the allocation of expenditures in education matters for growth. Public education spending in many transition economies, however, is often inefficient and inequitable with education outlays misallocated across sectors. This highlights the need for an assessment of the nature of education expenditures in these countries. This paper attempts to fill the gap in the literature by estimating the determinants of education expenditures in the Russian Federation. Results from panel data analysis show that revenue and the student-population ratio have a positive impact on education expenditures while the effect of population density is negative. Three regional variables also …

Educational Trends And Income In El Paso: A Longitudinal Perspective, Christine Thurlow Brenner

IPED Technical Reports

Education is clearly linked to income as numerous studies have shown. In El Paso, this link underscores what can only be called a crisis. As the region’s education level has declined over the past few decades, income has followed in a parallel fashion. This study strongly points out this linkage over the past 50 years, suggesting that a number of issues related to the education pipeline need to be addressed broadly across the community.

Scale Economies In Public Education: Evidence From School Level Data, Ryan C. Bosworth

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The structure of school finance regimes in the United States has been a subject of much political and legal debate over the past three decades. Court rulings have required many states to restructure school financing methods in order to pursue some concept of equality. Achieving equality of spending is, of course, a simple matter. Developing a funding mechanism that provides for equality of educational opportunity. however, is difficult since such a system, by definition, must allow for cost differences across schools and districts.

Economic Education And Government Reform In The Republic Of Georgia, Craig Macphee

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

The author describes public education through the media and training for government officials and for journalists undertaken as part of economic reform efforts in the Republic of Georgia of the former Soviet Union. The article concludes with a discussion of the necessary conditions for success of these broad-based educational efforts.

Does Democracy Engender Equality?, John E. Roemer

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Many suppose that democracy is an ethos which includes, inter alia, a degree of economic equality among citizens. In contrast, we conceive of democracy as ruthless political competition between groups of citizens, organized into parties. We inquire whether such competition, which we assume to be concerned with distributive matters, will engender economic equality in the long run. The society consists of an infinite sequence of generations, each comprised of adults and their children. Adults care about household consumption, and the future wages of their children, which are determined by educational policy. A given generation is characterized by the distribution of …

The Effect Of Educational And Residential Characteristics On The Private Return To Education, Dwight Adamson, James Swenson

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

This paper attempts to investigate the individual wage rate of return to college education. Over the last twenty years, the return to college education has increased dramatically. We propose to investigate how the return to college differs across educational and residential characteristics. We first consider differential returns to an associate, bachelor, advanced, and professional degrees and what characteristics of an individual's college education influence the rate of return to different degrees. Secondly, we focus on the variation in the return to college education in different areas of residence by comparing the return to education across regions and metropolitan and nonmetropolitan …

Part 9: The State Of The Workforce, Regional Studies Institute, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

(First paragraph) Is the workforce as good (or as bad) as they say?

Public Environmental Information In The Texas-Mexico Border: Analysis, Issues And Directions For The Future, Dennis L. Soden, Janet S. Conary

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Us School Breakfast Program: Short- And Long-Term Academic Effects, Chris Rohlfs

Honors Papers

This paper evaluates short- and long-term academic effects of the US School Breakfast Program (SBP). The paper divides into four sections: an introduction (page 4), a literature review (page 11), a statistical model (page 31), and an empirical model (page 38). In the first section, we cover general facts and details about the SBP. In the second section, we first review literature relevant to the SBP (supply, demand, and short-term effects studies). Next, we explore studies of the long-term effects of schooling and of school quality. Many of the techniques and information from these studies relate to our discussion of …

The User Fee Approach To Hunting And Fishing Finance: The “Teaming With Wildlife” Proposal, R. Max Peterson

Outdoor Recreation: Promise and Peril in the New West (Summer Conference, June 8-10)

18 pages (includes color illustrations).

Contains footnotes.

Essays On Scale Economies And Efficiency In Public Education, Kalyan Chakraborty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Efficiency in public education is a significant issue in the United States. Nationwide, real expenditure per student increased 8% per year between 1960 and 1993, but output as measured by standardized test scores has not increased and in some cases (i.e., the verbal SAT [Scholastic Achievement Test] score) has declined. One explanation is that resources are not being utilized efficiently either in the technical or allocative sense. Also, the issue is important because substantial savings are possible by consolidation of schools and/or districts.

This dissertation explores efficiency by measuring technical efficiency at the school district level from four perspectives. The …

Do Pacific Islanders In The United States Hold “Good” Jobs?, Dennis A. Ahlburg

Pacific Studies

In the 1980s, the quality of the jobs held by Pacific Islander householders generally improved, while job quality declined for the average American householder. The factors that improved the economic position of a Pacific Islander household--education, work experience, and good English language skills-- were the same as those that improved the position of other households in the United States. Over the decade, Pacific Islander householders generally acquired more of these productive attributes, which helped them to find employment, get access to better jobs, and increase their earnings.

Latinos Need Not Apply: The Effects Of Industrial Change And Workplace Discrimination On Latino Employment, Edwin Meléndez, Françoise Carré, Evangelina Holvino

New England Journal of Public Policy

The objective of the research described here is to assess how recent changes in the organization of industry and discrimination in the workplace affect the employment of Latinos. One of the most important developments in labor markets during the past two decades is the erosion of internal labor markets. Employers are responding to intensified competitive conditions that developed during the 1980s: increased international competition in domestic markets and deregulation in telecommunications, banking, insurance, and other industries. The development of information technologies and the diffusion of secondary and postsecondary education have enabled organizations to cut labor costs. In particular, firms are …