Economics Commons^™

Synthesis And Partial Characterization Of Chitosan Phosphorylation From Marine Cuttlefish Sepia Aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) And Its Antimicrobial Potentials Against Oral Pathogens, Yathin Reddy Putta, Annathai Pitchai, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: This study investigated the synthesis and partial characterization of phosphorylated chitosan extracted from the cuttlebone of Sepia aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) and evaluated its antimicrobial potential against oral pathogens. Methods: The synthesis of phosphorylated chitosan from Sepia aculeata cuttlebone involved several steps: cleaning, deproteinization, demineralization to extract chitin, deacetylation to produce chitosan, and phosphorylation to introduce phosphate groups. Phosphorylation enhances the properties of chitosan, making it a promising candidate for oral health applications. Phosphorylated chitosan was purified and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm structural changes. This process enhances …

Evaluation Of Mandibular Condyle And Coronoid Process Anomalies Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Rümeysa Şendişçi Gök, Bilay Stevanovic Sancar, Sevcihan Günen Yılmaz

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of condylar and coronoid process anomalies, their types, and their relationship to sex. Method: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were retrospectively analyzed for the presence and types of abnormalities in the condylar and coronoid processes. Statistical analysis of measurement data was performed using SPSS version 22. Medical histories of the individuals were obtained from their digital dental records. Results: CBCT images of 400 individuals were included in the study. Condylar anomalies were observed in 9.5% of cases, while coronoid anomalies were found in 7.5%. All condylar anomalies were more …

Microstructural And Elemental Characterization Of Hydrated Carbonated Hydroxyapatite As Pulp Capping Agent: An In Vitro Study, S.Swathi Priyadharshini, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, J. Ramana Ramya, Anand Sherwood

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Understanding the microstructural and elemental composition of pulp capping materials is crucial for predicting their biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting pulp healing. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the microstructural and elemental properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite as a dental pulp-capping material. Methods: Carbonated hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the precipitation method. MTA and Apacal ART were obtained from commercial sources. The materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens, hydrated in deionized water at 37°C for 14 days, and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: SEM images revealed that MTA exhibited smooth, plate-like crystalline structures surrounded by …

Does Periodontal Treatment During Pregnancy Reduce The Incidence Of Preterm Birth Rates?: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Ashraf Elzer, Raga A. Elzahaf, Hameda Asrafel, Khalid Sassi, Mohamed Jedeh

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: To find out if scaling and root planing for periodontal disease during pregnancy lowers the incidence of preterm births. Methods: This is a meta-analysis study design; searches were conducted in the PubMed database and on Google Scholar between January 2000 and December 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. The studies will be examined to determine the relationship between non-surgical periodontal treatment and preterm birth rates among pregnant women. Results: Only 14 trials were included out of 194 articles identified. The overall result indicated a statistically significant reduction in preterm birth rate when we use the random …

How Can Public Sector Employers Improve The Effectiveness Of Email Recruitment?, Leonard M. Lopoo, George Theoharis, Hannah Patnaik, Robert Bifulco, Ashraf Haque, Christine Ashby

The Lender Center for Social Justice

With the constant deluge of listservs, email advertisements, and phishing scams, many email recipients have become accustomed to deleting emails from unknown sources without ever reading them. Knowing what can increase the likelihood of email engagement may improve the effectiveness of email communications in job recruitment. This brief summarizes findings from a study that reports results from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a mass email campaign to recruit applicants for a training program for K-12 teaching jobs. The authors compared email open rates between emails that contained a letter with university logos signed by a university official versus emails …

Mobilizing Discord On The United States’ Many Borders: Critical Social Science And Geopolitical Complexity, Margath Walker

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Attention to the political landscape connecting the United States, Mexico, and Central America has returned with glaring intensity, highlighting the visibly geostrategic elements of bordering practice. Scholars have focused on how state power materializes at multiple scales while at the same time being attentive to the contestable and mutable nature of myriad agentic forces. This talk operates similarly by considering prospects for a frictional and at times ambiguous spatial politics. I extend the notion of discord as a productive lens through which to consider securitization, mobility, and migration. I use two short examples—the border-industrial complex and migrant caravans—to illustrate my …

Mission And Editorial Policy

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.

Editorial History

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.

Gardens Through The Ages: How Public Gardens Impact The Growth Of Society, Abby J. Cutsinger

ATU Scholars Symposium

Throughout history, gardens held a vital role in the development of civilizations, often serving as spaces for food, reflection, and community. The aim of this study was to explore the progression of gardens parallel to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Additionally, the study aimed to determine whether gardens help fulfill those needs and, in doing so, influence human morality. To examine these possibilities, the researcher conducted a literature review of historical and contemporary accounts of gardening and its effects on physical and psychological well-being, analyzing these findings through the lens of Maslow’s framework. Additionally, crime rate data were compared across several …

Crisis Book Monthly Review, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• An annotated draft chapter titled Revised chapter—Monthly Review, discussing Baran and Sweezy’s Monopoly capital (December 1985).

• An outline titled Part II: The possibilities of a state-generated solution in Sweezy’s theory, including a proposed agenda for a crisis meeting (January 24–26, 1986).

• An outline titled Outline for political section of MR (January 1986).

• Handwritten notes comparing perfect and imperfect competition theories.

• Handwritten notes titled Crisis group: Monopoly capital & Sweezy/Baran (January 15, 1981).

• A document titled An analysis of Monthly Review and Economic Notes for the RRFE by Mary Malloy.

• An annotated document titled URPE Crisis Group—Analysis of …

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Book Outline + Working Drafts, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Annotated working draft section on post-Marx Marxist political economy (pages 4-19)
• Handwritten notes titled New outline (October 26, 1982)
• Handwritten notes titled Prospectus
• Typed page 10 from the first draft chapter section (duplicate)
• Annotated working draft titled Ch 2 B 3 on Rudolf Hilferding's Finance capital (October 5, 1984)
• Annotated working draft titled Ch 2 B. 3 X on post-1873 Marxist political economy (September 1984)
• Annotated working draft titled Hilferding on his Finance capital, crisis theory, imperialism, and politics

Impact Of Community Gardening On Neighborhood Crime Rates: Research Proposal, Abby J. Cutsinger

ATU Scholars Symposium

Gardening has been a part of human existence from the beginning of time, but people have become distanced from gardening as civilization has grown and urbanized. As this distance has grown, so has the disconnect between people and the basic needs which shape their views of themselves and of society. It is possible that, in the drift away from gardening as communities, humans have become less moral.

The purpose of this study is to determine if community gardening lowers violent crime rates.

This relationship will be gauged by answering the following questions:

• Which type of community gardening benefits community relationships …

Eco 309 Eco. Theory Of The Left, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• A syllabus for Economics 309S titled Crisis theories and political programs of the U.S. left (Spring 1982).

• Moody, K. (1979–1980). World economy: The crisis of the 1980s. Changes: Socialist Monthly, 1(11–12), 27–32.

• Moody, K. (1980). Reindustrialization: The fad in your future. Changes: Socialist Monthly, 2(10), 9–17.

• The text of a speech given by Maryon Gray for the Sojourner Truth Organization titled Current debates within STO (December 12, 1981).

• Handwritten notes titled A note on profit-squeeze theories, including notes on Bowles, Gordon, and Weisskopf (December 13, 1982).

• Publication lists titled Literature of the Revolutionary Communist Party, …

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Comments On Ch 5 And Letter By Sasan, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Comments on ch 5: MR (January 13, 1985).

• A letter from Sasan discussing his dissertation chapters (December 5, 1983).

Bearcat Advantage: Year One Evaluation Report, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kevin Hollenbeck, Bridget Timmeney, Kyle Huisman

Reports

No abstract provided.

Analisis Kepemilikan Sertifikat Tanah Terhadap Akses Pinjaman Rumah Tangga, Abdul Azzis Azzis, Chaikal Nuryakin

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

This study aims to examine the impact of land certificate ownership on access to loans from formal financial institutions. Utilizing data from Indonesia in 2018, we employ logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between land certificate ownership and loan access in the country. The examination of land certification in relation to loan access, by distinguishing types of land ownership evidence and loan types, is deemed essential. The findings indicate that the impact of land certification is less effective for low-income households. Beyond ensuring accessible and affordable land certification processes, the government should formulate policies for innovative loan schemes, such …

Marx Harrod Paper, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled New outline wandering around the warranted path (February 16, 1988)

• Handwritten notes titled Tendential regulation vs. equal (July 4, 1988)

• Handwritten notes titled Production period & definition of profit citing Godley and Cripps (1983) and Robinson (1966) (October 25, 1987)

• A letter from Reiner Franke discussing the paper Wandering around the warranted path (November 25, 1987)

• Handwritten notes titled Note on Harrod paper (January 8, 1988)

• Handwritten notes citing Gurley & Shaw (1955)

• Handwritten notes titled Circul cap + output (May 6, 1988)

• Handwritten notes discussing …

Campbell Martha, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes on unit cost-price, profit evaluation, and full-cost theory (September 8, 1983)

• Handwritten notes on maximizing mass of profit (September 9, 1983)

• An outline by Gerardo Castro for Economics 208S titled The consumption function and the multiplier (October 13, 1983)

• Handwritten notes titled Consumption function & multiplier (October 26, 1983)

• Handwritten notes for Eco 209 titled Effects of a rise in demand on profitability (April 26, 1983)

• Handwritten notes titled Marx - Keynes & invest. multiplier including sections on potential supply, demand, equilibrium, and a Marxian view (March 21, 1983) …

Assorted Capital And Finance Notes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Fixed K3: Piece-wise different accum. functn comparing old and new accumulation functions and associated block diagrams (May 28, 1986)

• Computer simulation output for model FIXEDK3 showing a piece-wise investment function graph and data (May 29, 1986)

• Handwritten notes titled Accumulation with variable profit margin

• Handwritten notes titled Borrowing, internal finance, & velocity of circulation (March 18, 1986)

• Handwritten notes titled Credit & Marxian expanding reprod covering basic equations, adjustment paths, determinants of accumulation, reaction functions, and surprise in demand/borrowing (November 20, 1985; November 26, 1985)

• Handwritten notes titled …

Keynes Debt Model, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Per keynesian system discussing stability and finance (April 21, 1986)
• Handwritten notes titled Fully anticipated balanced growth: Keynes
• Handwritten notes titled Fully anticipated request with a yellow sticky note attached
• Handwritten notes titled Fully anticipated request (duplicate)
• Handwritten notes analyzing a balanced path and debt burden
• Handwritten notes titled Interest, money, multiplier rounds & finance (September 23, 1985)
• Handwritten notes titled Summary: keynesian process (September 23, 1985)
• Handwritten notes titled Multiplier effects on demand and debt (September 25, 1985)
• Handwritten notes titled Excess demand for loanable funds (October 6, 1985)
• Handwritten notes titled Eco …

Eco 208, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Points on Keynesian theory

• Handwritten notes titled Simple reprod is consumption by capitalists of that part of total value which is above the amount necessary for maintenance (December 10, 1979)

• Handwritten notes titled Prod/unprod labor, profit share & profit rate (April 1980)

• Handwritten notes titled Production and non-production activities

• Handwritten notes titled Savings and investment (May 1980)

• Handwritten notes with economic calculations including a table tracking variables across time periods

• Handwritten notes titled Paper on eff. DD

• Handwritten notes titled Simple reproduction and effective DD: Summary …

Eco210s Marx + Keynes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes on the cover titled Look up ceiling / floor model
• Handwritten notes on transient flows from simple reproduction
• Handwritten notes titled Eco 210S Marx & Keynes
• Handwritten notes titled Transient & SR & LR patterns of dynamical system (1971, November 19)
• An index card titled Accelerator principle referencing Pasinetti (1974) (1984, August 17)
• A document titled A dynamic approach to effective demand (revised 1991, November 5)
• Notes titled I. Three fundamental aggregate relations
• Notes titled I. Three fundamental aggregate relations comparing Keynesian/Kaleckian and Marxian closures
• A document titled A dynamic approach to effective demand (revised …

Stocks Flows, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Stocks + flows: Circulating capital + output (1988, May 5)
• Handwritten notes deriving an equation for B_t
• Notes titled Notes on turnover, fixed and circulating capital (1977, January 2)

Effective Demand, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled The structure of Keynesian theory of effective demand referencing Morishima (1976) (1979, December)

• Handwritten notes titled Effective DD & Keynesian theory (1982, May 10)

• Handwritten notes titled Effective DD & Keynesian theory (1982, May 14)

• Handwritten notes titled Nell: The post-Keynesian multiplier process (1980, December)

• Handwritten notes titled Notes on effective demand (1981, January 16)

Askimakopoulous Marx Keynes, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• The article Asimakopulos, A. (1983). Kalečki and Keynes on finance, investment and saving. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 7(3-4), 221–233, with handwritten notes (1983, September–December)

• A model file printout titled perlimi (1986, October 24)

• Graphs titled Marxian model with debt threshold showing e=E/P vs. time and e=E/P vs. b=B/P

• Handwritten notes titled Financial ratios (1985, December 20)

• A reading list for Economics 210 (Spring 1986)

• Handwritten notes with a table showing I, C, Ot, S, and borrowing

• Handwritten notes titled Marx / Keynes seminar (1986, October 27)

• Handwritten notes titled I. Basic accounting relations between demand, supply …

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Demand Kalecki Keynes Finance, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled RUN of demand 2 with variable expected growth rate of planned investment (1984, December 10)

• Handwritten notes titled Demand 2: RUNS (1984, December 11)

• Handwritten notes deriving the expected rate of return (1984, December 10)

• Handwritten notes titled CAPITALIST CONS. OUT OF PROFIT NORMAL PROFITS deriving the multiplier

• Handwritten notes outlining types of demand in Keynes (1983, April 6)

• Handwritten notes defining the multiplier (1983, April 5)

• Handwritten notes titled On instability of accum. comparing Harrod's and Luxemburg's problems (1984, September 7)

• Handwritten notes titled BASIC FINANCE EQ. (1985, August 5)

• Handwritten notes titled …

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Are All Sports Betting Losses Created Equal?, Dylan M. Hollick

Business and Economics Honors Papers

This study investigates how the cash out feature in sports betting influences bettor reaction to loss and short-term bet likelihood. The cash out changes the mechanics of a sports betting loss outcome in several ways. By getting some of the bet’s stake back through a cash out loss, the transaction mimics a larger loss-smaller gain joint outcome as opposed to a single loss at the time of the bet’s placement. The cash out also introduces the opportunity for regret or positive counterfactuals depending on the cash outs “correctness”. Using survey data from college students responding to hypothetical betting scenarios, it …

Cover Cropping: How Sustainability & Economics Can Work Hand In Hand (Pt. Ii), Emma Reyes

Business and Economics Honors Papers

Research finds that while the average rate of soil erosion under natural conditions occurs at less than 1.9 Mg per hectare per year, the current rate of erosion for United States agricultural soils occurs at 6.7 Mg per hectare per year (Nearing et al., 2017). This problem is further heightened by the fact that many farmers are concerned about the added expenses that may come from the use of sustainable practices. As a result, this may lead to an increase in the practice of more harmful conventional agricultural techniques if they continue to be considered more economically beneficial in comparison. …

Simulated Recovery: Measuring The Impact Of Structural Adjustment On Economic Development In Latin America, Daniel Espinal

Business and Economics Honors Papers

This paper uses synthetic control analysis to assess the long-term effects of structural adjustment policies on economic development. Focusing on Mexico as a case study, the findings indicate that these policies may have contributed to economic stagnation and widening inequality. By comparing actual outcomes with a synthetic counterfactual, the analysis reveals a notable divergence in performance over time. Reforms intended to stabilize the economy and promote growth—such as austerity, liberalization, and privatization—often led to reduced public investment, weakened institutions, and increased social vulnerability. The results support broader critiques of structural adjustment, suggesting that the costs of such interventions can outweigh …

Decade-Long Deals: The Forces Driving Mlb’S Lengthening Contracts, Benjamin Cuccolo

Business and Economics Honors Papers

This study investigates the economic and institutional factors that influence lengthening contracts in Major League Baseball. Using a dataset of 652 free agent position players that signed for two years or longer from 1991 to 2025, this paper explores how factors such as age, relative player performance, collective bargaining agreements, and risk management strategies affect contract length. Results from the regression model show that younger players that are higher performing are more likely to receive long-term deals. Additionally, those that are extended a qualifying offer also typically sign for longer term deals as suggested by the regression results. A separate …