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2025

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Articles 61 - 90 of 1664

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Textbook Treatment Of The Constant Growth Valuation Model: An Assessment Of Congruence With Reality Dec 2025

Textbook Treatment Of The Constant Growth Valuation Model: An Assessment Of Congruence With Reality

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

It would be difficult for any informed financial market observer to overlook the fact that market prices often exhibit substantial, and sometimes extreme, deviation from perceived ‘fundamental values.’ During some periods, this deviation appears to be more extreme than in others. Anecdotally, it seems that even staunch believers in investing according to fundamental information have strayed from that strategy in preference for riding the market's momentum. In this paper, we revisit models to approximate fundamental value, and compare these fundamental values to market values. We test for differences using CRSP and Compustat data from 1962 to 2002 for different industry …

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Teaching In Public Choice Courses How Direct Democracy Can Influence Voting Behavior Dec 2025

Teaching In Public Choice Courses How Direct Democracy Can Influence Voting Behavior

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This study seeks to expand the scope of that portion of Public Choice courses that involves voting behavior. The study broadens the interpretation of the “rational voter model” so as to include the potential effects of “direct democracy” on the voter participation rate. Direct democracy is assumed here to take three forms: statewide initiatives, statewide popular referenda, and statewide legislative referenda. This study presents the hypothesis that greater numbers of such initiatives and/or referenda may increase voter turnout because they may elevate the expected gross (and hence net) benefits of voting by empowering voters, despite any accompanying information costs that …

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Production Of Investment Newsletters In Investment Courses Dec 2025

Production Of Investment Newsletters In Investment Courses

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The production of an investment newsletter by students in an investments course can provide an integrated and comprehensive learning experience that offers numerous educational benefits. The experience allows students to apply concepts and principles taught in the course to real world companies and situations, and to simultaneously enhance research, writing, computing, and critical thinking skills.

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Designing The Economics Curriculum: A Survey Of The Use Of 'Big Ideas' And Proficiencies Dec 2025

Designing The Economics Curriculum: A Survey Of The Use Of 'Big Ideas' And Proficiencies

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Michael Salemi and John Siegfried have advocated several significant changes, most significantly the “big ideas” principles course, in undergraduate economic education and in the economics major. This article focuses on several of these recommendations and reports the results of a survey of economic department chairs across the United States to ascertain the extent to which the recommendations are either in place or are being considered for implementation. Results, reported by institution type and other characteristics, also show the extent to which department chairs are familiar with Hansen’s proficiencies and the degree to which changes have been implemented based on the …

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Latino Economic Inequality In New York City: Income And Snap Recipiency, 2013–2023, Oswaldo A. Mena Aguilar Dec 2025

Latino Economic Inequality In New York City: Income And Snap Recipiency, 2013–2023, Oswaldo A. Mena Aguilar

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

This Latino Data Project Report analyzes trends in the economic well-being of Latino households in New York City between 2013 and 2023, focusing on household income and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The findings reveal a paradoxical pattern: although median Latino household income increased over the decade, economic inequality within the Latino community widened substantially. Income gains were unevenly distributed, with higher-income households pulling further ahead while the lowest-income households experienced stagnation or decline. Over the same period, Latino households fell further behind all other racial and ethnic groups in the city. Additionally, Latinos consistently exhibited the …

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Oxytocin Varies Across The Life Course In A Sex-Specific Way In A Human Subsistence Population, Abigail E. Colby, Dominik C. Jud, Valerie Baettig, Jordan S. Martin, Camila Scaff, Michael D. Gurven, Benjamin C. Trumble, Bret A. Beheim, Paul L. Hooper, Daniel K. Cummings, Hillard Kaplan, Jonathan Stieglitz, Arnulfo Cary Ista, Adrian V. Jaeggi Dec 2025

Oxytocin Varies Across The Life Course In A Sex-Specific Way In A Human Subsistence Population, Abigail E. Colby, Dominik C. Jud, Valerie Baettig, Jordan S. Martin, Camila Scaff, Michael D. Gurven, Benjamin C. Trumble, Bret A. Beheim, Paul L. Hooper, Daniel K. Cummings, Hillard Kaplan, Jonathan Stieglitz, Arnulfo Cary Ista, Adrian V. Jaeggi

ESI Publications

Oxytocin, a hormone linked to reproduction and health, may mediate life-history trade-offs across the human life course. Yet, how oxytocin naturally varies with age remains poorly understood. Here, working with the Tsimane, forager-horticulturalists of lowland Bolivia, we collected the largest sample of oxytocin measurements to date (n = 1,242 samples, n = 405 individuals, age = 2 to 84 y, 51% female), and i) examined how oxytocin varies throughout the life course in females and males, and ii) investigated potential drivers of age- and sex-specific variation. Our sample provides rare insight into the relationship between oxytocin and age in a …

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Replacement And Reputation, Navin Kartik, Elliot Lipnowski, Harry Pei Dec 2025

Replacement And Reputation, Navin Kartik, Elliot Lipnowski, Harry Pei

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Does electoral replacement ensure that officeholders eventually act in voters’ interests? We study a reputational model of accountability. Voters observe incumbents’ performance and decide whether to replace them. Politicians may be “good” types who always exert effort or opportunists who may shirk. We find that good long-run outcomes are always attainable, though the mechanism and its robustness depend on economic conditions. In environments conducive to incentive provision, some equilibria feature sustained effort, yet others exhibit some long-run shirking. In the complementary case, opportunists are never fully disciplined, but selection dominates: every equilibrium eventually settles on a good politician, yielding permanent …

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Working Paper No. 104, An Gorta Mór: The ‘Great Hunger’ And Irish Immigrant Labor In 19th Century America, Amanda Bergeson Dec 2025

Working Paper No. 104, An Gorta Mór: The ‘Great Hunger’ And Irish Immigrant Labor In 19th Century America, Amanda Bergeson

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that portions of the population of Ireland -- responding to what has been referred to in their Celtic language as An Gorta Mór, or in the English language as the ‘Great Hunger -- took to emigrating en masse and therewith contributed bigly to the expansion of America’s labor supply. Bolsterd by Irish immigrants, this expanding mid-nineteenth century labor force provided for an abundance of workers needed for a broadly based industrialization, that would also lead to large-scale urbanization as well as a host of changes in this nation’s social fabric. Of note is that …

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Working Paper No. 105, John Locke And The American Experiment, Riley Sharps Dec 2025

Working Paper No. 105, John Locke And The American Experiment, Riley Sharps

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that ideas advanced by the Englishman John Locke, regarding private property, natural rights, as well as a social contract for relations between authorities and governed, influenced the American experiment at its founding. Locke’s novel understanding regarding private property greatly influenced leaders railing against British dominance. His ideas were picked up by founding figures such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, as well as James Madison, and Thomas Paine. Through their leadership, in particular, Locke’s ideas were carried forward and served as the inspiration behind key concepts appearing in this new nation’s founding documents. First appearing in …

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Working Paper No. 106, The Rise And Fall Of Whaling In Early America, Miranda Rehaume Dec 2025

Working Paper No. 106, The Rise And Fall Of Whaling In Early America, Miranda Rehaume

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that whaling activities -- and later a whaling industry -- would play important roles in the economic development of the colonies that would, with time, form into the United States of America. Drawing from historical accounts, this inquiry explores how whaling emerged as a cornerstone of the colonial, New England economy as well as the early American transatlantic trade. It shall be argued that the industry’s prosperity was driven by capital investments that included the development of specialized ships and equipment, driven by the colonists’ determination to make the whaling industry prosper. However, repeated disruptions …

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Teaching Methods And Assessment Techniques Used For The Introductory Level Undergraduate Finance Course In British And Irish Universities Dec 2025

Teaching Methods And Assessment Techniques Used For The Introductory Level Undergraduate Finance Course In British And Irish Universities

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This study reports the results of a survey of teaching methods and assessment techniques for introductory level undergraduate finance courses in British and Irish universities and compares them with the results reported in similar studies conducted in the US and Canada. The survey results show that the most popular teaching methods in the UK and Ireland are the ‘Instructor Overhead Projector Lecture’ and ‘Instructor Computer PowerPoint Lecture’, whereas the ‘Writing-on-the-Board Lecture’ was the most common teaching method in the US and Canada. We find, as in the US and Canada, that textbook reading is the most commonly used (non-assessed) out-of-class …

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Professor Gump’S Dilemma: A Classroom Exercise In Game Theory Dec 2025

Professor Gump’S Dilemma: A Classroom Exercise In Game Theory

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Consider the dilemma of a professor who has handed back an exam to his students, but has forgotten to record their grades – can he develop a scheme that will provide each student the incentive to report his grade truthfully? This situation is used as an in-class exercise which develops the students’ understanding of a Nash equilibrium and of how to use game theory to solve interesting everyday problems.

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Price Discrimination In College Tuition: An Empirical Case Study Dec 2025

Price Discrimination In College Tuition: An Empirical Case Study

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper looks empirically at the financial aid award practices at a small, Midwestern, private university. By awarding more financial aid, colleges and universities effectively price discriminate; that is, they charge some students more than others. The results indicate that students with better high school records and test scores and with more financial need are given more aid. Nonwhite students also receive considerably higher aid. While these results can not be generalized, this analysis should be easy to replicate at other colleges.

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Impact Of Course Length On Student Learning Dec 2025

Impact Of Course Length On Student Learning

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Using a database of over 45,000 observations from Fall, Spring, and Summer semesters, we investigate the link between course length and student learning. We find that, after controlling for student demographics and other characteristics, intensive courses do result in higher grades than traditional 16 week semester length courses and that this benefit peaks at about 4 weeks. By looking at future performance we are also able to show that the higher grades reflect a real increase in knowledge and are not the result of a “lowering of the bar” during summer. We discuss some of the policy implications of our …

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Extending The Pedagogical Attention Given Elasticity Of Demand In Marketing Dec 2025

Extending The Pedagogical Attention Given Elasticity Of Demand In Marketing

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Historically elasticity of demand thinking has been primarily applied to the marketing mix variable of price. However, the concept can also lend meaningful insights into the administration of the other marketing mix and environmental variables in a context of causality. There exists a rich body of literature exploring the more extensive uses of elasticity of demand. However, basic marketing texts, and presumably introductory classes, typically do not feature the wider applications of the tool. This paper explores some of the pedagogical reasons for broadening the treatment of this tool.

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An Overview Of The 2005 Bankruptcy Reform Act:A Teaching Supplement Dec 2025

An Overview Of The 2005 Bankruptcy Reform Act:A Teaching Supplement

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This research provides an academic tool for filling a potential gap in education related to the importance of bankruptcy for small business owners’ financial decisions. We develop a teaching supplement that provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform Act’s effect on business owners’ risk taking decisions. The supplement also provides empirical statistics on the bankruptcy outcomes for small businesses and unincorporated entrepreneurs. Renewed attention to this area should enable educators to increase students’ awareness of the rapid changes and provide a practical application for the theoretical concepts within financial economics.

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Do Stakeholders Benefit From Green Bonds Denominated In Euro? Evidence From Global Greenium, Piotr Jaworski Dec 2025

Do Stakeholders Benefit From Green Bonds Denominated In Euro? Evidence From Global Greenium, Piotr Jaworski

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

The aim of this paper is to estimate the greenium in the financial debt market, calculated as the difference between the yield of green bonds and conventional bonds with the same type of with respect to euro-denominated bonds, type of the debt security, type of issuers, and maturity. The hypothesis is The greenium for the euro-denominated bonds does exist. For the analysis, yield curves for green bonds and conventional bonds were built. It employed the yield curve methodology proposed by Nelson Siegel Svensson. Statistical tests on greenium were also prepared. Daily data were collected from the Refinitiv Eikon database, covering …

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Gender Gaps And Economic Growth: Why Haven't Women Won Globally (Yet)?, Patrick Agte, Orazio Attanasio, Pinelopi K. Goldberg, Charles Gottlieb, Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan, Rohini Pande, Michael Peters, Charity Troyer Moore, Fabrizio Zilibotti Dec 2025

Gender Gaps And Economic Growth: Why Haven't Women Won Globally (Yet)?, Patrick Agte, Orazio Attanasio, Pinelopi K. Goldberg, Charles Gottlieb, Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan, Rohini Pande, Michael Peters, Charity Troyer Moore, Fabrizio Zilibotti

Discussion Papers

Globally women’s labor force participation lags that of men and women, on average, have lower labor market earnings than men. Does economic growth reduce gender disparities in labor market outcomes between women and men? Conversely, do gender inequalities in the labor market impede growth? To inform these questions, we conduct two analyses. First, we estimate regressions using harmonized data on gender gaps in a range of labor market outcomes from 153 countries spanning two decades (1998-2018). Second, we conduct a systematic review of the recent economics literature on gender gaps in labor markets, examining 16 journals over 21 years. Our …

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Technological Disruption And Regulatory Response: The Case Of Decentralised Finance, Jakub Wisła, Jolanta Bartoszewska Dec 2025

Technological Disruption And Regulatory Response: The Case Of Decentralised Finance, Jakub Wisła, Jolanta Bartoszewska

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

This article examines responses to the regulatory challenges posed by decentralised finance (DeFi), a fast-evolving domain of blockchain-based financial innovation. It investigates the factors shaping divergent regulatory strategies, with a focus on the European Union’s comprehensive cryptoasset framework and selected comparative insights. Adopting a qualitative legal methodology – combining doctrinal-functional analysis, multivocal literature review, and two case studies – the authors explore how regulatory responses are influenced by three key variables: legal tradition, the financial function performed by blockchain-based solutions, and the level of technological and institutional autonomy. The case studies – Bitcoin as a payment instrument and cryptoassets as …

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Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dentistry: An Insight Into Dental Techniques And Practices, Mehwash Kashif, Aman Ashar, Amna Rehman, Abdul Aleem, Sidra-Tul-Muntaha Hashmi, Muhammad Yousuf Ali Dec 2025

Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dentistry: An Insight Into Dental Techniques And Practices, Mehwash Kashif, Aman Ashar, Amna Rehman, Abdul Aleem, Sidra-Tul-Muntaha Hashmi, Muhammad Yousuf Ali

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common workplace hazards in dentistry resulting from poor ergonomics and static postures, which lead to back, neck, and upper limb (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand) problems among dentists, resulting in harm to their health, productivity, and career. This study aimed to assess the frequency of MSDs, risk factors related to MSDs, and awareness of ergonomics among clinicians. Methods: Data were collected from 400 dental professionals, including house officers, postgraduate trainees, general dentists, and teachers/consultants, each with at least 12 months of practice. Data were collected using a structured, closed-ended questionnaire. Before data collection, ethical approval …

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The Pricing Of Bonds Between Coupon Payments:From Theory To Market Practice Dec 2025

The Pricing Of Bonds Between Coupon Payments:From Theory To Market Practice

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The transition for students from theory to practice is often abrupt and awkward. An example is the pricing of a bond that is between coupon payments. In this situation, students of finance may benefit from further exploration of the effect of compound interest before learning of the method that financial markets actually use to determine the price an investor must pay. This paper explores the confusing link between theoretical pricing of coupon bonds and the practice used by financial markets. Common financial calculators are used as a bridge to highlight this connection.

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Grading Bias In The Grading Of Writing Assignments In The Principles Of Macroeconomics: An Exploratory Study Dec 2025

Grading Bias In The Grading Of Writing Assignments In The Principles Of Macroeconomics: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This case study explores potential grading bias when grading writing assignments. Given seven grading criteria, the mean difference between the scoring of two graders is statistically significant for three criterions: identification of concepts, organization, and writing style and mechanics. The differences in identification of concepts may be due to asymmetric information available to the graders while the differences in the other two presentation type criteria are likely due to the graders’ subjective preferences. Differences in these three criterions account for over 81 percent of the differences in the writing assignments’ overall scores when all criterions are weighted equally.

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Attendance And Achievement In Economics:Investigating The Impact Of Attendance Policies And Absentee Rates On Student Performance Dec 2025

Attendance And Achievement In Economics:Investigating The Impact Of Attendance Policies And Absentee Rates On Student Performance

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper investigates the impact of a mandatory attendance policy and absentee rates on student grades. Data collected from four sections of microeconomic principles classes taught by the same instructor are used to estimate performance. Results are found to be robust to corrections for survival bias and endogeneity, and indicate that the attendance policy did not impact grades. GPA prior to taking the course and SAT scores are found to be consistent predictors of performance and have a stronger impact on grades as compared to absentee rates. It is suggested that instructors encourage, but not mandate attendance in both small …

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An Investigation Of Named Professorships Of Economics In The United States Dec 2025

An Investigation Of Named Professorships Of Economics In The United States

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper examines distinguished professorships in the academic field of economics in the US from the 1995-1996 and 2001-2002 academic years using data from the Prentice Hall Guide to Economics Faculty compiled by James Hasselback. Over the six year period, the number of named professorships in economics increased from 369 to 402. Our findings suggest that the typical named professor in economics is most likely to be a male, full professor, with teaching and research interests in microeconomics or macroeconomics, and is employed by a private institution. In addition, the evidence shows that in 2001-2002 just 12 schools had over …

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A Re-Examination Of The Mundell-Fleming Flexible Exchange-Rate Model Dec 2025

A Re-Examination Of The Mundell-Fleming Flexible Exchange-Rate Model

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

For over thirty years, the Mundell-Fleming model has served not only as a template for research in international macroeconomics, but also as an important pedagogical tool. The underlying pedagogical value of the model is that it can be combined with other models to explain how different exogenous factors impact the balance of payments and the exchange rate. The purpose of this paper, in turn, is to elucidate the pedagogical value of the Mundell-Fleming model by presenting a traditional market model consisting of their model and a Keynesian-Hicksian IS/LM and aggregate supply and demand curve model that can be used to …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Ambidexterity And Academic Performance: The Moderating Role Of Digital Capabilities: Evidence From Public Universities Of Duhok Governance, Kurdistan Of Iraq, Zeravan Abdulrahman Omar Dec 2025

Exploring The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Ambidexterity And Academic Performance: The Moderating Role Of Digital Capabilities: Evidence From Public Universities Of Duhok Governance, Kurdistan Of Iraq, Zeravan Abdulrahman Omar

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial ambidexterity, and the synchronization of exploratory and exploitative activities, on academic performance in university departments, and the role of digital capabilities in moderating this impact. Using a descriptive analytical approach, a questionnaire was distributed to 145 department heads at public universities in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The data were validated using SPSS version 29 and SmartPLS 4.1.1, both of which confirmed the study's hypotheses. The results revealed a direct, statistically significant, positive correlation between entrepreneurial ambidexterity and departmental academic performance. Furthermore, digital capabilities were found to have a significant positive performance-modifying …

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Genetically Modified Crops In Africa: Evidence On Adoption, Economic Benefits, Environmental Effects, And Constraints, Aloyce Hepelwa, Innocensia John Dec 2025

Genetically Modified Crops In Africa: Evidence On Adoption, Economic Benefits, Environmental Effects, And Constraints, Aloyce Hepelwa, Innocensia John

Tanzanian Economic Review

Africa faces deep food insecurity with over 300 million undernourished people driven by, low agricultural productivity, and climate shocks. To enhance food production and sustainable development, there is potential seen in genetically modified (GM) crops. To explore the potential of GM crops, this paper examines their production, adoption, economic and environmental impacts, adoption barriers, and policy implications in Africa and globally. This is done using a structured narrative review of peer-reviewed literature, reports, and policy documents (2014–2024) sourced from different databases complemented by stakeholder consultations. The findings show that GM has expanded considerably worldwide driven by high productivity, reduced pesticide …

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Reading Between The Lines: The Influence Of Financial News On Investor Decision-Making, Kalia Noble Dec 2025

Reading Between The Lines: The Influence Of Financial News On Investor Decision-Making, Kalia Noble

Honors College Theses

This thesis investigates how financial media narratives shape investor sentiment and short-term market behavior. Drawing on behavioral finance and narrative economics, it examines whether the framing and tone of market news correlate with intraday volatility in the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average. By pairing quantitative price data with contemporaneous headlines from major outlets such as Bloomberg, Yahoo! Finance, and CNBC, the study shows that emotionally charged or speculative narratives are closely associated with sharp market swings, even when fundamentals remain unchanged. These findings highlight the influence of media framing on investor decision-making and underscore the importance of financial …

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Trading Posts And "Old Pawn": Diné Navajo Trade And The Native Art Industry, Dustin Roberto Dec 2025

Trading Posts And "Old Pawn": Diné Navajo Trade And The Native Art Industry, Dustin Roberto

Native American Studies Student Publications

"Old pawn" is widely used to describe antique Native American jewelry and goods once pawned for credit at trading posts in the Four Corners region. This article traces how the trading post pawn system influenced Diné Navajo economic life from 1868 through the 1970s, when federal regulators documented exploitative practices such as inflated interest, withheld mail, and items sold without notice. Weavers and individuals pawning jewelry typically received store credit or overvalued commodities instead of cash, a result of the power dynamics of the setting. Today, "old pawn" functions as a marketing label for vintage goods, often without documentation. The …

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Can Schools Sustain The Rising Cost Of Retiree Health Care?, Robert Bifulco, Iuliia Shybalkina Dec 2025

Can Schools Sustain The Rising Cost Of Retiree Health Care?, Robert Bifulco, Iuliia Shybalkina

Center for Policy Research

Many New York State school districts spend significant amounts each year for retiree health care benefits, and these payments are expected to grow over the coming decades. This brief summarizes findings from a study examining approximately 300 New York State school districts. Unlike retiree pension plans, which are typically prefunded, retiree health care benefits are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, meaning that benefits for past employees who are currently retired are paid using current district revenues. In the average school district, pay-as-you-go spending currently amounts to 4.5 percent of district revenues. Assuming current benefit and funding policies remain, spending is …

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