Economics Commons^™

Indirect Genetic Effects Among Neighbors Promote Cooperation And Accelerate Adaptation In A Small-Scale Human Society, Jordan S. Martin, Bret Beheim, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Jonathan Stieglitz, Benjamin C. Trumble, Paul Hooper, Daniel K. Cummings, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Adrian V. Jaeggi

ESI Publications

Explaining the rapid evolution of human cooperation and its role in our species’ biodemographic success remains a major evolutionary puzzle. To address this challenge, we tested a social drive hypothesis, which predicts that social plasticity and social selection in human groups cause indirect genetic effects that accelerate the adaptation of fitness, promoting population growth via feedback between the environmental causes and evolutionary consequences of cooperation. Using Bayesian multilevel models to analyze fertility data from a small-scale society, we demonstrate that density- and frequency-dependent indirect genetic effects on fitness promote the evolution of cooperation among neighboring women, increasing the rate of …

More Schooling Can Delay The Onset Of Dementia Later In Life, Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Iliana Kohler, Hans-Peter Kohler, Shana D. Stites

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

How The H-2b Visa Lottery Helped Businesses During Covid, Parag Mahajan

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Health Impacts, Air Pollution And Electric Vehicles In California, Pufan Qi

Economics ETDs

This research examines the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on air quality in California over the period from 2010 to 2021, as well as the implications of air pollution for respiratory health, organized into five chapters. The initial chapter provides background information and outlines the objectives, findings, and contributions. The second chapter examines the relationship between air quality and electric vehicles by utilizing fixed effect panel regression models. The third chapter employs panel regressions with Poisson control models to assess the correlation between changes in air quality resulting from electric vehicles and the prevalence of respiratory diseases. The fourth chapter …

Essays On The Economics Of Education Policy, Stephen Owusu

Economics ETDs

The first chapter of this dissertation evaluates the impact of Ghana’s Capitation Grant Scheme, a government education policy that provides direct funding to public schools to eliminate primary school fees, on both the short- and long-term numeracy and literacy skills of children intended to be treated. The findings suggest that free primary education may exacerbate language competition in linguistically discordant societies. In the second chapter, we find that, even without complementary infrastructural expansion, an additional year of official secondary schooling positively affects secondary and post-secondary educational outcomes. The third chapter investigates the relationship between secondary education length reform and reproductive …

Web-Based Data Collection Application Development At Pt Hidup Selalu Sejahtera Using Fuzzy Algorithm, Yulius Eka Agung Seputra

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This study focuses on designing and developing a web-based data collection application at PT Hidup Selalu Sejahtera utilizing fuzzy algorithms. The research method involves analyzing sales data to identify consumer behavior patterns and enhance marketing strategies. The application is developed using the Software Development Life Cycle to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. Findings show that the application improves decision-making accuracy based on sales data and offers deeper insights into consumer preferences. Furthermore, it enhances data management, leading to increased productivity within the organization. However, the study acknowledges limitations related to the volume of data analyzed, which may impact the generalizability of …

The Evolution Of Schooling: From Industrial Obedience To Techno-Autonomy, Seb Taylor, Ron Roberts Ii

Digital Laboratory: Publisher of Internet Journal

This paper examines the enduring architecture of the American education system as a mechanism designed for compliance, not creativity. Rooted in 19th-century industrial logic, the structure of schooling, its physical design, time constraints, and assessment methods, has remained largely static despite seismic cultural and technological shifts. Through historical analysis and contemporary critique, this work interrogates the persistence of standardized methods, institutional prestige, and top-down instruction as barriers to meaningful learning and value creation. Drawing from interdisciplinary research and live case studies, including Alpha School’s AI-powered, mastery-based model, the paper advances the concept of techno-education: a student-centered paradigm informed by feedback …

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Customer Service Pada Rumah Sakit Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Badra Al Aufa

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

Improving the quality of hospital services could be increase profit, market share and cost savings. Staff in front desk plays an important role in affect satisfaction patients, possibility for someone to recommend service and grades create a for patients. This study attempts to analyze the quality of customer service unit at hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used observation method. Data collection technique was using ghost shopping method. Research has been conducted on 19 hospitals in Jakarta. The selection of hospital was using purposive sampling method. Check list has been used for data collection. Observation has been conducted to see …

Optimal Management Of Public Energy Communities: Investment Strategies And Welfare Maximization, Dirk Bergemann, Marina Bertolini, Marta Castellini, Michele Moretto, Sergio Vergalli

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A municipality (social planner) is seeking to establish a renewable energy community paying the initial investment costs, while also identifying the optimal management framework. In this context, two distinct modes of governance are analyzed: the private and the public one. In the first case, a private (or profit) aggregator oversees the energy community with a monopolistic behavior, while in the other the aggregator is a public owned, or controlled, company following the social approach advocated by the promoter, i.e the municipality. In both scenarios, the effective functioning of the community requires the collection of private data on members’ energy consumption. …

Effective Strategies For Deterring Unethical Behavior In U.S. Financial Institutions, Samuel Akinlade Sanni

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unethical employee behavior in U.S. financial institutions continues to erode organizational trust and firms’ brand reputation. Leaders of financial institutions are concerned that unethical employee behavior can negatively impact firms’ profitability, competitiveness, and sustainability. Grounded in Kaptein’s corporate ethics virtue (CEV) model, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to explore how organizational ethical cultures influence employees’ behaviors. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with a sample of eight leaders in New York financial institutions, with a minimum of 5 years of successful experience in building a positive ethical environment, and by analyzing publicly available documents to support …

Crisis Communication And Governance Response: A Case Study Of Pt Antam’S 2025 Misinformation Scandal, Rizky Kertanegara, Arius Krypton

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

This study analyzes the crisis communication strategy employed by PT ANTAM Tbk in response to the spread of misinformation concerning allegations of gold-related corruption in 2025. The crisis was sparked by a social media post suggesting that ANTAM's gold products were counterfeit, although the actual issue involved unauthorized use of the brand by former employees. Using a qualitative case study and the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) framework, this paper evaluates the company’s strategic communication in mitigating reputational damage and maintaining stakeholder trust. Findings indicate that PT ANTAM deployed fact-based clarification, emphasized operational integrity, and reiterated strong corporate governance—aligned with …

Sex Ratios By Nevada County, 2023, Mia Tschan, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Demography

This fact sheet presents data on age-based sex ratios – or the number of men to women in a population – in 17 Nevada counties: Carson City, Churchill, Clark, Douglas, Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral, Nye, Pershing, Storey, Washoe, and White Pine. The data are derived from the 2025 American Institute for Boys and Men (AIBM) report, “Patterns and trends in county-level sex ratios,” which includes data on sex ratios in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

Energetic And Economic Aspects Of Rebound, Part Ii: Applications Of The Framework, Matthew Kuperus Heun, Gregor Semieniuk, Paul E. Brockway

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Widespread implementation of energy efficiency is a key greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measure, but rebound can “take back” energy savings. However, the absence of solid analytical foundations hinders empirical determination of rebound magnitudes. In Part I, we developed foundations of a rigorous, analytical, consumer-sided rebound framework that is approachable for both energy analysts and economists. In this paper (Part II), we develop energy, expenditure, and consumption planes, a novel, mutually consistent, and numerically precise way to visualize and illustrate rebound. Further, we operationalize the macro factor () for macroeconomic rebound. Using the framework and rebound planes, we calculate and show …

Physical Activity Mediates Age Differences In Cognition Among Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists, Phoebe E. Imms, Nikhil N. Chaudhari, Daniel Cummings, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Giuseppe Barisano, Paul L. Hooper, M. Katherine Sayre, Edmond Seabright, Randall C. Thompson, M. Linda Sutherland, James D. Sutherland, Benjamin C. Trumble, Michael Gurven, Jonathan Stieglitz, Caleb E. Finch, Hillard S. Kaplan, Wendy J. Mack, Margaret Gatz, Andrei Irimia

ESI Publications

Background: The Tsimane and Moseten of the Bolivian Amazon are highly physically active and exhibit low rates of cognitive impairment and brain atrophy.

Methods: We use structural equation modelling to examine how their physical activity levels mediate the relationship between (1) age and cognition, and (2) age and cognition via brain volume (BV).

Results: Tsimane males (n = 305, mean ± SD age = 59.94 ± 9.68) and Tsimane females (n = 265, mean ± SD age = 59.28 ± 9.79) exhibit significantly higher levels of physical activity than Moseten males (n = 106, mean ± SD …

Experience Matters: An Application Of The Operative Value Index For Lumbar Fusions, Danyal Quraishi, Advith Sarikonda, D. Mitchell Self, Steven R. Glener, Arbaz A. Momin, Emily L. Isch, Ashmal K. Sami, Matthews Lan, Nicholas Clark, Ashwini Sharan, Srinivas Prasad, Jack Jallo, Joshua Pelta-Heller, Alex R. Vaccaro, James Harrop, Ahilan Sivaganesan

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: As healthcare systems transition to value-based care models, it is critical to understand factors influencing costs and outcomes in neurosurgery. This study utilizes Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) to assess the impact of surgeon experience and case volume on costs, clinical outcomes, and operative value in lumbar fusions. While TDABC has been applied in various surgical specialties, its use in neurosurgery, particularly in analyzing surgeon-specific factors, remains limited.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center, analyzing lumbar instrumented arthrodesis procedures from 2017 to 2019. Primary variables included surgeon experience (years) and case volume (annual procedures). Confounding …

Loan Restructuring And Deposit Growth: Evidence From The Market Discipline During The Covid-19 Outbreak, Indra Tumbelaka

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, banks boosted loan restructuring efforts to offer borrowers assistance and preserve credit quality. This study employs dynamic and static panel data from Indonesian commercial banks to include restructured loans as a metric for assessing market discipline prior to and during the pandemic. Depositors shown discipline about banks’ credit risk during the COVID-19 period and exhibited heightened sensitivity to restructured loans. Subsequent analysis indicates that the association between deposit growth and restructured loans was more pronounced in government, small, and publicly listed banks during the outbreak

Triple Shock On External Sustainability In Indonesia, Aloysius Deno Hervino, Insukindro Insukindro, Sekar Utami Setiastuti, Amirullah Setya Hardi

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study evaluates Indonesia’s external sustainability by analyzing exports, imports, and net unilateral transfer payments. The study utilizes Indonesia’s data from the third quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2019, applying both a long-run dynamic model and a short-run forward-looking model incorporating triple shocks. This research excludes the period from 2020 onwards due to the economic upheaval in Indonesia resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. This study concludes that Indonesia’s current account is unsustainable, as neither export nor import variables exhibit a long-term link, hence failing to meet intertemporal budget constraints. Furthermore, imports substantially influence long-term exports, which increase …

Financial Policy For A Green Economy In A Resource-Rich Emerging Economy, Arlyana Abubakar, Prayudhi Azwar, Riris Shanti, Salman Fathoni, Noer Aida Triandini

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This paper analyzes policies aimed at fostering a green economy in a resource-abundant, megadiverse nation such as Indonesia. This study use Delphi and Analytic Network Process methodologies, grounded in the perspectives of regulators, academics, experts, and practitioners in the green economy, to identify the determinants of green financial policies, revealing that fiscal instruments are of paramount importance. Furthermore, both the case and the respondents are Indonesian. This underscores the necessity of instituting incentives in environmentally sustainable sectors and disincentives in carbon-intensive industries. Therefore, the suitable allocation of green budgets within fiscal policy is essential for addressing market failures and expediting …

Exchange Rate And Indonesia Economic Growth, Ayi Supriyadi, Yanfitri Yanfitri, Trinil Arimurti, Sinta Atharinanda

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

We examine the effect of the exchange rate on the economy and the impact of the Dominant Currency Paradigm (DCP) on Indonesia’s export volume. This study employs multiple methodologies, namely the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the non-linear version of ARDL, and panel regressions. The findings indicated that the depreciation of the exchange rate influenced economic expansion. The beneficial effect was mitigated by the influence of finance as seen in the company’s financial sheet. The findings also indicate the influence of DCP on the volume of international trade in Indonesia.

Does Digital Finance Move Together With Technology Innovation In China?, Zhu Wenhui, Zhang Jiajie, Hu Chuanxia, Dong Hanwei

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

Existing academic research has predominantly examined the unidirectional impact of digital finance on technological innovation, thereby neglecting the reciprocal interplay between these two domains. This study fills this gap by investigating the long-term bidirectional cointegrated relationship between digital finance and technological innovation. Using panel cointegration estimation methods on panel data from 286 Chinese cities during 2011–2020, empirical results reveal a long-term co-movement between digital finance and technological innovation. Pooled Mean Group estimation demonstrates that digital finance makes significant contributions to technological innovation in both long-term and short-term contexts. However, sub-sample analyses show that digital finance consistently boosts technological innovation in …

Analisis Dampak Pelaksanaan Event Dalam Mewujudkan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan Pelaku Umkm Di Kota Bandung (Studi Kasus Event Bazar 101 Project), Jihan Ros Yoewawinata, Anisatul Auliya

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

MSMEs play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, and events such as bazaars can be a strategic means to increase their competitiveness, sales, and business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the impact of event implementation on the sustainable economy of MSME actors in Bandung City with a case study of the Event Bazar 101 Project. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through observation and interviews of MSME actors who participated in the event and the event organizer's expert team. Findings show the Event Bazar 101 Project generated impacts on increased sales, networking, and MSME …

The Impact Of Clean Energy Technology Incentives On Mineral Demand: An Economic Framework For Measuring Response, Hamdiya Orleans-Boham, Mahelet G. Fikru, Kwame Awuah-Offei

Economics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The existing literature establishes the link between clean energy technology (CET) expansion and rising mineral demand but lacks a comprehensive analysis of the transmission mechanisms through which CET policy incentives particularly production and consumption subsidies affect mineral markets. This study addresses the gap by developing an economic model where a CET producer optimally determines mineral input demand and production volume, where the concept of elasticity is used to measure the response of mineral demand to policy incentives. Analytical results demonstrate that the elasticity of mineral demand with respect to CET policies is highly sensitive to returns to scale of CET …

Higher Blood Lipid Levels After The Transition To Menopause In Two Forager-Horticulturalist Populations, M. J. Getz, J. E. Aronoff, C. L. Jenkins, S. Ghafoor, J. Vazquez, N. T. Appel, M. Gatz, Daniel K. Cummings, Paul L. Hooper, B. Beheim, K. H. Buetow, C. E. Finch, G. S. Thomas, J. Stieglitz, M. Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, B. C. Trumble

ESI Publications

Background: Reproduction affects health and longevity among females across the life course. While significant focus has been devoted to the role of menarche, menopause remains understudied. Most menopause research is conducted in industrialized populations, where the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases progressively during the menopausal transition.

Methodology: Weworked with the Tsimane, Indigenous Bolivian forager-farmers with physically active lifestyles, and the Moseten, genetically and culturally related horticulturalists experiencing greater market integration. We assessed relationships between menopause status and lipid biomarkers (HDL, LDL, non-HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein-B). Using linear mixed-effects models, in an all-age sample of n = …

Semiparametric Learning Of Integral Functionals On Submanifolds, Xiaohong Chen, Wayne Yuan Guo

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the semiparametric estimation and inference of integral functionals on submanifolds, which arise naturally in a variety of econometric settings. For linear integral functionals on a regular submanifold, we show that the semiparametric plugin estimator attains the minimax-optimal convergence rate n—s2s+d-m, where s is the Hölder smoothness order of the underlying nonparametric function, d is the dimension of the first-stage nonparametric estimation, m is the dimension of the submanifold over which the integral is taken. This rate coincides with the standard minimax-optimal rate for a (d − m)-dimensional nonparametric estimation problem, illustrating that integration over the …

Is Inequity In Nba Team Salaries Hurting Team Performance?, Alec R. Plante

Business and Economics Summer Fellows

The NBA is known for being the premier basketball league. However, are the allegedly best minds in the sport choosing salaries in a way that contributes to success? Our research extrapolates trends between team equity and win rates. We use Gini coefficients to establish team equities across the league between the 2011-2012 and 2024-2025 seasons. Our research establishes a relationship between team equity and win rates. This suggests that more equitable teams, in relation to held constant variables like All-NBA selections, may be more successful compared to other teams. We speculate on the reasons for this effect, including the possibility …

Shutdowns And Startups: How Covid-19 Policies Shaped Entrepreneurial Trends Across U.S. States, Mia Sideris

Business and Economics Summer Fellows

The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the US economy. Severe restrictions were placed on nearly every state, culminating with the declaration of a national emergency in March 2020. The intent of these restrictions was to safeguard public health, while unintentionally imposing operational burdens on businesses. This paper explores how heterogeneity in state level policy responses influenced entrepreneurial activity. Using the synthetic control method and data on mandated workplace closures, we estimate the impact of these actions on business applications per capita in the state of South Carolina, which was late to impose these measures. We find that if …

Money And Social Exclusion In Networks, Maria Bigoni, Gabriele Camera, Edoardo Gallo

ESI Working Papers

Globalization offers unparalleled opportunities to expand welfare through cooperation across large networks of unrelated individuals. Social exclusion – permanent or temporary – and monetary exchange are institutions that in theory can incentivize cooperation. In an experiment, we evaluate their relative performance and interaction in anonymous networks of different sizes. Permanent social exclusion (ostracism) reduces long-run economic potential by leading to sparse networks. Monetary exchange and temporary social exclusion perform similarly well in small networks. In large networks, however, monetary exchange is the only institution that promotes full cooperation by crowding out ostracism and keeping the network complete. An insight is …

Childhood Skeletal Lesions Common In Prehistory Are Present In Living Forager-Farmers And Predict Adult Markers Of Immune Function, Amy S. Anderson, Aaron Blackwell, M. Linda Sutherland, Thomas Kraft, James Sutherland, Bret Beheim, Daniel K. Cummings, Suhail Ghafoor, Paul L. Hooper, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Andrei Irimia, Margaret Gatz, Wendy Mack, Chris Rowan, Michael Miyamoto, Kenneth Buetow, Caleb Finch, L. Samuel Wann, Adel Allam, Randall C. Thompson, Gregory Thomas, Hillard Kaplan, Jonathan Stieglitz, Benjamin Trumble, Michael D. Gurven

ESI Publications

Porous cranial lesions (cribra cranii and cribra orbitalia) are widely used by archaeologists as skeletal markers of poor child health. However, their use has not been validated with systematic data from contemporary populations, where there has been little evidence of these lesions or their health relevance. Using 375 in vivo computed tomography scans from a cohort-representative sample of adults aged 40+ years from the Bolivian Amazon, among food-limited, high-mortality forager-farmers, we identified cribra cranii on 46 (12.3%) and cribra orbitalia on 23 (6%). Cribra orbitalia was associated with several hallmarks of compromised immune function, including fewer B cells, fewer naïve …

Tariffs And Trade Deficits, Lorenzo Caliendo, Samuel Kortum, Fernando Parro

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper develops a complete-markets model to analyze the determinants of endogenous trade imbalances across countries. We introduce a framework where countries can trade in Arrow-Debreu securities to insure against different states of the world, which enables them to run deficits in some states and surpluses in others. The model allows for counterfactual analysis of various trade policy scenarios, such as unilateral tariff impositions. We derive the conditions under which trade deficits arise endogenously and discuss implications for welfare and trade policy analysis.

Public Sector Employment In Mountain West Cities, 2019, Olivia K. Cheche, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents data on public sector employment in 16 cities within the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico. The Urban Institute’s “Public Sector Employment and Its Role in Local Economic Development” report provides data on publicly driven jobs in the 100 largest U.S. cities as of 2019. This fact sheet focuses on city-level data from the largest cities in the Mountain West.