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Articles 1621 - 1650 of 1729
Full-Text Articles in Economics
How Do Pay Transparency Laws Impact The Gender Pay Gap In The United States?, Kendall Chapko
How Do Pay Transparency Laws Impact The Gender Pay Gap In The United States?, Kendall Chapko
CMC Senior Theses
After much progress during the late 1900s, the gender pay gap has hardly closed in the last two decades. As policy makers look for new solutions, many governing bodies have turned to pay transparency laws, which make employee salaries transparent to employees. There have been several international studies on this topic, and almost all found that these laws are very effective in decreasing the pay gap. This research is extremely important, as it suggests that these policies push us further towards equality, and makes gender based discrimination less common in the workplace. In my study, I conduct a difference in …
The Effects Of Spending-Focused Fiscal Policy On Italian Output And Stock Market Performance, Filippo Salvatico
The Effects Of Spending-Focused Fiscal Policy On Italian Output And Stock Market Performance, Filippo Salvatico
CMC Senior Theses
This paper studies the effects of Italy’s expenditure-focused fiscal policy on (1) economic output, measured with real GDP growth, and (2) stock market performance, measured with FTSE MIB period returns, using ordinary least squares and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. To the first end, a quarterly (time series) data base of fiscal indicators—Budget Balance, Government Debt, and Government Expenditure—as well as other macroeconomic series is constructed to test their effects on output. To the second end, a monthly (time series) data base of the same indicators, as well as period returns for seven other benchmark stock exchanges across Europe, is …
The Efficacy Of Insider Trading Regulation: An Analysis Of The 1942 Introduction Of Sec Rule 10b-5, Kamila Melikova, Eric Hughson
The Efficacy Of Insider Trading Regulation: An Analysis Of The 1942 Introduction Of Sec Rule 10b-5, Kamila Melikova, Eric Hughson
CMC Senior Theses
Existing research has thoroughly examined the impact of insider trading regulations, finding mixed results regarding the effectiveness of new law introductions. Although this topic has received considerable attention, there is still a notable lack of research on the first regulation of insider trading: the 1942 introduction of Section 10(b), an amendment to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This paper uses a newly compiled dataset of earnings announcements from large public companies between 1937 and 1946, combined with event study methodology, to investigate the effectiveness of the very first ban on insider trading. Through the application of t-tests and regression …
Analyzing The Effects Of 2018 Bank Reclassifications On Individual Balance Sheet Compositions, Hiyab Abraha
Analyzing The Effects Of 2018 Bank Reclassifications On Individual Balance Sheet Compositions, Hiyab Abraha
CMC Senior Theses
The March 2023 collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) marked the second largest bank failure in United States history and the largest bank failure since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This paper analyzes the mechanisms underlying SVB’s downfall and explores the specific systemic vulnerabilities that March 2023 revealed. To study the impact of systemic risk reclassification on individual bank balance sheets, I construct a quarterly panel dataset of the largest US chartered banks and track their regulatory classification and financial reports from 2009 to 2023. The 2018 Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (EGRRCPA) changed the Federal …
Do Inclusionary Zoning Ordinances Restrict Housing Supply: An Instrumental Variable Approach Using Evidence From California, Liam James
CMC Senior Theses
Do inclusionary zoning (IZ) ordinances restrict the supply of housing, putting undue upward pressure on prices? Using an improved version of the California Coalition of Rural Housing database, we use OLS and 2SLS methods to estimate the effect of IZ policies on supply. In demonstrating the endogeneity of OLS, we address this concern through the use of differences in two-party voter registration as an instrument for the presence of an inclusionary zoning ordinance. We find no evidence consistent with a clear restrictive effect of these policies.
Happy Teams: Utilizing Remote Data Entry Work To Understand The Relationship Between Team Gender Composition, Team Performance, And Worker Satisfaction, Laura Zimmer
CMC Senior Theses
The following study contributes to existing scholarship surrounding the relationship between gender and teamwork. My experiment aims to build on how gender impacts team members' success, emotions, and overall experience by randomly pairing individuals in two-person remote teams, to complete data entry tasks together. Teams work together remotely to complete tasks rating Chicago roads. Pre and post-teamwork surveys were completed by individuals surrounding their emotions and experience working with their partner. My results demonstrate that single-gender female teams report the highest increases in happiness while working in teams. Individuals were found to rate partners of their same gender more highly …
Shifting Landscapes: The Effects Of Gentrification On Homelessness In Los Angeles County, Hannah Huining Deng
Shifting Landscapes: The Effects Of Gentrification On Homelessness In Los Angeles County, Hannah Huining Deng
CMC Senior Theses
Gentrification, characterized by the influx of young professionals into low-income neighborhoods, is reshaping communities across the US. This study investigates how gentrification impacts homelessness rates through the mechanisms of median housing values and educational attainment. Using a longitudinal design, data was gathered on census tracts and service planning areas located within Los Angeles County spanning 7 years (2011, 2013, and 2015 to 2019). Census tract data was categorized into gentrifiable and nongentrifiable subgroups to establish a more discernible cause-and-effect relationship. As hypothesized, the study results show that gentrification is associated with increased rates of homelessness through increased bachelor’s degree attainment. …
A Dollar A Day Keeps Inflationary Crisis Away: An Evaluation Of Proposed Dollarization In Argentina, Dante Mcdermott
A Dollar A Day Keeps Inflationary Crisis Away: An Evaluation Of Proposed Dollarization In Argentina, Dante Mcdermott
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis analyzes the history and policy variations of dollarization to gain understanding that can be used to evaluate the proposal of dollarization in Argentina. After analyzing the monetary policy histories of Ecuador, El Salvador, Liberia, Panama, and Zimbabwe, I put the main takeaways into the context of Argentina’s monetary history and current economic situation. I find that the adoption of foreign currencies in an economy provides short-term relief from inflationary crises, but that long-term economic benefits are vulnerable to attacks by populist leaders and their high spending governments. In order to maximize the long-term benefits of dollarization, the policy …
Nfl Positional Value In Terms Of Salary Cap Spending: Why Are Running Backs Undervalued?, Charlton Jackson
Nfl Positional Value In Terms Of Salary Cap Spending: Why Are Running Backs Undervalued?, Charlton Jackson
CMC Senior Theses
Running Backs over the past two decades have seen a contract value devaluation relative to other positions and the league's salary cap spending limit. The growth of running back salaries has stagnated in the past decade, and they currently fail to keep pace with the contracts for other positions. Through our empirical research, we were able to either reject or better explain existing reasoning for recent running back devaluation, such as the increase in passing volume, durability concerns, and running backs by committee. We found that the most significant change in the past 30 years of the NFL, since the …
Electric Vehicles: Exploring The Granularity In California Zip Codes, Hans Melvern Kasim
Electric Vehicles: Exploring The Granularity In California Zip Codes, Hans Melvern Kasim
CMC Senior Theses
This paper studies a number of factors that affect electric vehicle (EV) sales in California. In comparison to previous papers, this paper examines EV sales at a higher granularity by using zip code level data. My model utilizes a panel fixed effect to examine factors like income, energy prices, commute time, number of chargers and tax rebates. The results show that the number of chargers (specifically DC fast), commute time, and tax rebates have the greatest statistically significant effects on EV sales in California. Furthermore, I utilize an empirical specification - a conditional logit model accounting for zip code fixed …
Divided By Design? Urban Renewal’S Differential Impacts On Economic Outcomes By Race, Derik Suria
Divided By Design? Urban Renewal’S Differential Impacts On Economic Outcomes By Race, Derik Suria
CMC Senior Theses
I study city-level effects of the federally and state-sponsored urban renewal program that aimed to improve living conditions for residents in blighted areas and slums. I use an interdisciplinary approach to estimate urban renewal effects on measures of income, property value, poverty, and employment. I first replicate the methodology and estimates of urban renewal effects on city outcomes in 1980 from Slum Clearance and Urban Renewal in the United States (Collins and Shester 2013). I extend this research by looking at a longer time horizon (1990, 2000, 2010) and incorporating race-based outcomes. From 1980 to 2010, estimated effects on property …
Mental Imagery Contributes To Loss Aversion By Amplifying Negative Emotions, Daniel Kroshchuk
Mental Imagery Contributes To Loss Aversion By Amplifying Negative Emotions, Daniel Kroshchuk
CMC Senior Theses
Defined as the experience of sensory information without the presence of external stimuli, mental imagery is thought to play a role in memory, emotional regulation, and decision-making. Recent studies suggest that mental imagery varies widely across the general population, with approximately 2-4% of individuals having a reduction or complete absence of visual imagination, a phenomenon known as aphantasia. Individuals with aphantasia show reduced emotional arousal to fear-inducing imagery, raising the question of how variation in imagery affects cognitive processes that are influenced by emotion. Specifically, in economic decision-making it has been shown that the prospect of loss triggers negative emotions, …
Revolutionizing Lithium Extraction: Analysis Of Factors Affecting Commercialization Timelines With Insights From The Shale Gas Boom, Bilge Tayyar
CMC Senior Theses
This study draws parallels between Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) and hydraulic fracturing to highlight the transformative potential of DLE technology in the lithium industry. The comparative analysis supports the hypothesis that DLE might expedite commercialization timelines, similar to the effect hydraulic fracturing has had on traditional shale gas extraction. The study includes a regression analysis to determine the factors affecting the commercialization of conventional lithium brine extraction methods, thereby better understanding the potential changes DLE will create. The regression model, based on data from 11 projects, examines the impact of variables such as temperature range, tax rates, royalty rates, regulatory …
Analysis Of Government Stimulus During Covid-19 And The Bank Distress Of 2023, Kara Hagler
Analysis Of Government Stimulus During Covid-19 And The Bank Distress Of 2023, Kara Hagler
CMC Senior Theses
Due to the hardships that small businesses were facing from the onset of COVID-19 in March 2020, the government created the Payment Protection Program (PPP). This program used banks as the initial lenders for small business loans to facilitate loans from the government to small businesses. In this article, I study how participation in the PPP lending program contributes to the Bank Distress of 2023 by using a bank-level quarterly panel data set from 2019-2023. Estimation of difference-in-difference specifications reveals banks that opted into the PPP program experienced an increase in held-to-maturity securities relative to non PPP banks. The mechanism …
Driven By Change: The Impact Of Macroeconomic Shifts And Covid-19 On New Vehicle Sales, Jackson Aldrich
Driven By Change: The Impact Of Macroeconomic Shifts And Covid-19 On New Vehicle Sales, Jackson Aldrich
CMC Senior Theses
This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on new vehicle sales. In order to address these two topics, a two-pronged approach was used with separate regression models. The macroeconomic variables include monthly supply of new homes, CPI for urban public transportation, unemployment rate, disposable personal income, inflation expectation, consumer sentiment, average gas prices, and total vehicle miles traveled which were regressed on total vehicle sales from 1978-2022. The regression results confirmed and supported current literature and highlighted the importance of the housing market and unemployment rate on new vehicle sales. The COVID-19 pandemic model variables …
Is Green The New Gold? Esg’S Influence On The Financial Performance Of The Energy And Mining Industries, Alexa De Vegvar
Is Green The New Gold? Esg’S Influence On The Financial Performance Of The Energy And Mining Industries, Alexa De Vegvar
CMC Senior Theses
The demand for Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has increased in recent years. As the concern for climate change has moved to the forefront of the investment process, companies have needed to prioritize ESG in their operations. Previous literature addresses how ESG has benefited companies’ financial performance and increased shareholder value. The pandemic has proven to have positively impacted ESG reporting as social priorities shifted. However, studies have also shown that ESG reporting is too ambiguous to concretely display any relationship with financial performance. This thesis will analyze the impact of ESG and environmental data reporting on the Return …
Determinants And Effects Of Offset Usage Within The California Cap-And-Trade System – A Firm-Level Analysis, Adarsh Srinivasan
Determinants And Effects Of Offset Usage Within The California Cap-And-Trade System – A Firm-Level Analysis, Adarsh Srinivasan
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis examines the determinants of the usage of carbon offsets within the California cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions. It also investigates the relationship between a firm’s investment in offsets and its financials for publicly traded companies. Entity-level data from 2013 to 2020 was used, which was sourced from the California Air Resources Board. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate factors that correlated with offset usage and whether offset usage correlated with EBITDA. Dummy variables indicating geographic location and economic sector of each entity were used as controls. The analysis found that total covered emissions and privately owned …
Capturing Value In Emerging Markets: A Real Options Perspective On Resilience And Risk, Alexander Castillo
Capturing Value In Emerging Markets: A Real Options Perspective On Resilience And Risk, Alexander Castillo
CMC Senior Theses
This paper examines the evaluation of investment opportunities in emerging markets (EMs) through real options analysis, against the backdrop of their unique risk profiles and the recent trend of EMs exhibiting resilience in economic performance. While EMs are associated with high growth rates and infrastructure gaps, they have shown adaptability, particularly in monetary policy responses to inflation. This paper explores the sensitivity of net present value (NPV) and real options (RO) to changes in the capital asset pricing model, adapting the yield spread to capture default risk and local risk-free rates. Utilizing oil benchmark price data, the paper constructs a …
How Does Foreign Born Population Affect Tax Morale And Perceived Immigrant Strain On The Welfare System?, Chase Keir
How Does Foreign Born Population Affect Tax Morale And Perceived Immigrant Strain On The Welfare System?, Chase Keir
CMC Senior Theses
The goal of this paper is to assess the effect of foreign born population concentration on tax morale and perceived immigrant strain on the welfare state in Sweden. This paper uses data from the European Values Survey as well as merging data regarding the population makeups of the regions in Sweden the respondent is from. Using multiple OLS regressions over 2 time periods, the significant explanatory variables will be uncovered. I find that foreign born population percentages are not very statistically significant if at all, and the actual explanatory variables with high significance are gender, education level, political skew, and …
Architects Of War: The Economic And Industrial Strategies Of The Third Reich And United States Under Albert Speer And William Knudsen, Spencer David Taylor
Architects Of War: The Economic And Industrial Strategies Of The Third Reich And United States Under Albert Speer And William Knudsen, Spencer David Taylor
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis presents a chronological narrative that delves into the economic and industrial underpinnings of the Second World War, focusing on the contrasting war machines of Germany and the United States. By examining the strategic decisions and outcomes shaped by two central figures, Albert Speer of Germany and William S. Knudsen of the United States, this study highlights how their approaches to war production profoundly influenced the overall trajectory and outcome of the war. Knudsen’s embodiment of the American industrial spirit and Speer’s manipulation of Germany's constrained resources illustrate the crucial roles that economic strategies played alongside military operations. The …
An Investigation Of Bidder Behaviour In Wic Infant Formula Rebate Auctions, Ashma Pandey
An Investigation Of Bidder Behaviour In Wic Infant Formula Rebate Auctions, Ashma Pandey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the competitive bidding dynamics for infant formula rebate contracts within the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). I begin by focusing on the differences between winning and losing bids. The study employs multiple regression to predict rebate bids submitted by major manufacturers when they win a contract. I next conduct a paired t-test for each manufacturer – revealing statistically significant differences between predicted bids (based on the parameters from the winning model) and actual bids when a manufacturer did not win. This suggests that each manufacturer bids significantly lower rebates (higher net …
Variation In Las Vegas Tree Diversity Based On Socioeconomic Status, Fabrizio Ciccone
Variation In Las Vegas Tree Diversity Based On Socioeconomic Status, Fabrizio Ciccone
Calvert Undergraduate Research Awards
An increased level of plant biodiversity has been observed in urban communities of above average socioeconomic status. This phenomenon was previously termed the luxury effect. This study aimed to identify potential disparities in tree diversity of different communities across Las Vegas and Henderson. Communities were selected based on the zip code’s median income for 2023; this information was gathered from the Healthy Southern Nevada database. Public parks were chosen from a range of zip codes, with trees initially being identified with PictureThis, then cross-referenced with Southern Nevada Water Authority’s regional plant list for validity. Trees were counted, identified, and …
The Effects Of Bureaucratic Corruption On The Financial Constraints Of Nigerian Small Businesses, Obinna Franklin Ezeibekwe
The Effects Of Bureaucratic Corruption On The Financial Constraints Of Nigerian Small Businesses, Obinna Franklin Ezeibekwe
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
In this paper, I conduct the first empirical analysis to examine the impact of bureaucratic corruption on small business financial constraints in Nigeria. This study is also the first to compare the average treatment effect (ATE) with the local average treatment effect (LATE) framework to account for potential variations in treatment effects for small Nigerian firms with less than 100 employees. Using the bivariate probit method and two binary instruments, I find that corruption significantly increases the likelihood of financial constraints for a typical micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) by approximately 64 to 68 percentage points. When I use …
Esop Shocks: Employee Ownership And Employment Stability In Public Firms During The Covid-19 Crisis, Richard Taylor Lennox
Esop Shocks: Employee Ownership And Employment Stability In Public Firms During The Covid-19 Crisis, Richard Taylor Lennox
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Did employee ownership preserve jobs and firm-level skill retention during the COVID-19 pandemic? In the United States, employee ownership (EO) primarily takes the form of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs). Using a longitudinal dataset composed of Department of Labor Form 5500 – CompuStat Fundamentals matched data from 2010-2022, this thesis examines the relationship between ESOPs and employment stability during the COVID pandemic for a large sample of public firms in the US. A fixed effects specification, controlling for a vector of firm characteristics and the national employment-to-population ratio, suggests that ESOPs had an employment-cushioning effect in public firms during the …
Legislative Redistricting And The Partisan Distribution Of Transportation Expenditure, Walter Melnik
Legislative Redistricting And The Partisan Distribution Of Transportation Expenditure, Walter Melnik
Economics Faculty Research and Publications
I show that a state representative’s political party determines transportation expenditure in the area she represents. Previous studies of this topic consider party changes through election outcomes, which may be correlated with unobservable determinants of expenditure. To overcome this issue, I identify my estimates using Ohio’s 2012 state legislative redistricting, which moved many geographic areas into districts with opposite party incumbents. The Republican party controlled the state legislature and governorship over the period I study. I find that areas moving from governing party Republican to minority party Democratic districts received $3.4M (0.18 standard deviations) less annual highway construction funding than …
Bekerja Tetapi Tetap Miskin, Apakah Permasalahan Kemiskinan Multidimensi?, Abdus Salam, Endan Suwandana, Watekhi Watekhi
Bekerja Tetapi Tetap Miskin, Apakah Permasalahan Kemiskinan Multidimensi?, Abdus Salam, Endan Suwandana, Watekhi Watekhi
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia
Working but still in poverty, is one of the phenomena of poor workers where they continue to work but their work does not guarantee them a better life. This study uses the concept of poverty from a monetary and multidimensional perspective. This study uses data from the March 2018 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and 2018 Village Potential Survey (Podes), and uses logistic regression to analyze whether the phenomenon of the working poor is a multidimensional poverty problem. The results of the study stated that poor workers have a close relationship with low education, millennial/young workers, a single parent, employees, a …
The Simplified Additional Funds Needed Equation And Its Implications
The Simplified Additional Funds Needed Equation And Its Implications
Journal of Economics and Finance Education
As part of the corporate financial planning process, a firm must quantify the external funds required to achieve a specified growth rate. The additional funds needed (AFN) equation purportedly provides managers with a simple, first-cut way to do so. However, in its traditional specification, the AFN estimate appears to ignore financial feedback effects, potentially undermining its usefulness. This paper restates and simplifies the AFN equation. The new specification reveals that the estimated AFN is not distorted by financial feedback effects and can be used in its unadjusted form as an initial estimate of a firm’s financing needs.
Does Learning Economics Make You Less Susceptible To The Sunk Cost Fallacy?
Does Learning Economics Make You Less Susceptible To The Sunk Cost Fallacy?
Journal of Economics and Finance Education
The sunk cost fallacy is typically covered in introductory economics courses. It is among the most important biases that influence decision making. Ronayne et al. (2021a,b) find evidence of behavior consistent with the sunk cost effect and utilize eight questions that measure individuals’ susceptibility to the sunk cost fallacy. We extend their research by examining whether a “pop culture” teaching intervention in principles of microeconomics lowers students’ predisposition to the fallacy. We find that students become -14.95% less susceptible to the sunk cost fallacy after learning about it. We also observe that students who have taken economics previously exhibit lower …
Legacy Of Labour: The Impact Of Parental Occupations On Children’S Careers Choices And Income Inequality, Swapnil Landge
Legacy Of Labour: The Impact Of Parental Occupations On Children’S Careers Choices And Income Inequality, Swapnil Landge
Publications and Research
This paper investigates how intergenerational occupational mobility and self-selection into occupations are influenced by the occupations of parents. The results demonstrate that children who pursue their parents’ occupations, particularly those in the lowest earnings percentiles, are more negatively self-selected compared to those whose parents are in the highest earning deciles. In particular, 65% of the children who pursue their parents’ occupation in Decile 1, 49% in Decile 2, 32% in Decile 3 and 26% in Decile 4 would have achieved higher productivity and earned higher earnings in high-income occupations (specifically in Decile 10 occupations). In contrast, children from high-income backgrounds …
The Influence Of Flavor On The Abuse Liability Of A Heated Tobacco Product And Its Feasibility As A Menthol Cigarette Substitute, Augustus White
The Influence Of Flavor On The Abuse Liability Of A Heated Tobacco Product And Its Feasibility As A Menthol Cigarette Substitute, Augustus White
Theses and Dissertations
Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) purport to expose people that use cigarettes to fewer of the harmful or potentially harmful constituents of tobacco while still delivering reinforcing amounts of nicotine (Auer, Concha-Lozano et al., 2017). An exemplar of the HTP class, IQOS, and its three varieties of “HeatSticks” have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Modified Risk Tobacco Products” (MRTP). However, as the FDA is planning to ban menthol as a characterizing flavor in cigarettes, questions remain regarding whether characterizing flavors should be permitted in HTPs (FDA, 2022e). New evidence regarding HTP abuse liability (i.e., the likelihood …