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2022

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Articles 31 - 60 of 2026

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Fixing The Taxation System - Part Ii, Ishrat Husain Dr. Dec 2022

Fixing The Taxation System - Part Ii, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

Studies on sectoral incidence show that industry bears more than two-thirds of the tax, while the services sector bears about 21 per cent and agriculture 3.0 per cent. In the services sector, transportation and trade together account for one-third of GDP. The wholesale and retail trade sector contributes 18 per cent to GDP but pays only 2.9 per cent in income tax. The potential realizable gap in this sector is 0.5 per cent of GDP. Except for a few companies, the transport subsector is dominated by small- and medium-size operators. Only air and shipping companies yield some revenues. Similarly, out …

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Analisis Manajemen Anggaran Pada Rumah Sakit Rujukan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Helena Turnip, Prastuti Soewondo Dec 2022

Analisis Manajemen Anggaran Pada Rumah Sakit Rujukan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Helena Turnip, Prastuti Soewondo

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Budget management is a form of accountability for managing cash budgets distributed by the government to hospital agencies so that the budget provided by the central government can be used effectively, efficiently and on target. To examine and explore budget management at hospitals in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the budget for the procurement of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and infrastructure in hospitals as an effort to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is one of the crucial instruments that must be used by all medical personnel in carrying out their duties, this triggers an …

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The Relationship Of Fixed Asset Revaluation To Perception Of Performance: Evaluation Of Tax Policy, Andi Darmawan, Andar Ramona Sinaga, Arie Wibowo Dec 2022

The Relationship Of Fixed Asset Revaluation To Perception Of Performance: Evaluation Of Tax Policy, Andi Darmawan, Andar Ramona Sinaga, Arie Wibowo

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This study aimed to know the relationship between fixed asset revaluation and the perception of the company's performance in the future. This research can advise the government on the effect of fixed asset revaluation on company performance when the government repeats the policy of reducing fixed asset revaluation taxes during the economic recovery during the pandemic. The methodology used in this study was mixed methods research, which collected and analyzed qualitative and quantitative data. This research used primary data from focus group discussions (representatives of industrial entities, tax consulting practitioners, public accountants, regulators, and related authorities) and questionnaires distributed to …

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Telemedicine Payment System Based On Quality:A Scoping Review, Zuhaira Husna Fatma, Ryan Rachmad Nugraha Dec 2022

Telemedicine Payment System Based On Quality:A Scoping Review, Zuhaira Husna Fatma, Ryan Rachmad Nugraha

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Telemedicine has been proven to improve access to care. However, it is still not sure how a payment system can accommodate high-quality telemedicine services. This paper aims to study the available payment system to accommodate telemedicine with a focus on health services quality. We conducted a scoping review of the telemedicine payment system and telemedicine quality through the PubMed and CINAHL databases including primary research, literature reviews, and expert opinion, aside from policy documents. The number of records identified through the database was 286. In addition, 195 were screened after removing duplicates, and 28 papers were included in the review …

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The Analysis Of Diabetes Self-Management Implementation On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Protocol For Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Zhafirah Salsabila, Amal C. Sjaaf Dec 2022

The Analysis Of Diabetes Self-Management Implementation On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Protocol For Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Zhafirah Salsabila, Amal C. Sjaaf

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Ninety percent of the world's DM cases are dominated by type 2. International Diabetes Federation predicted the incidence and mortality rate of diabetes are increasing by 2045. Diabetes causes macrovascular complications that contribute to cardiovascular death, and microvascular which a risk factor for blindness, lower-extremity amputation, kidney failure, and death. One of the efforts to control complications from diabetes is done through diabetes self-management consists of education, medical nutrition therapy, pharmacological therapy, and physical exercise. The main purpose of implementing DSM is that patients can prevent or slow the …

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Analysis Of Cigarette Demand Among Poor Households In Indonesia: An Islamic Economic Approach, Yusnia Monica, Abdillah Ahsan, Triasih Djutaharta, Nadira Amalia Dec 2022

Analysis Of Cigarette Demand Among Poor Households In Indonesia: An Islamic Economic Approach, Yusnia Monica, Abdillah Ahsan, Triasih Djutaharta, Nadira Amalia

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Increasing Indonesia’s health and economic burdens generated by smoking habit require immediate stakeholder responses to reduce cigarette consumption. This study aims to examine and compare the changes in smoking behavior (i.e., the smoking status and the number of cigarettes consumed monthly) among zakat recipients (mustahik) and zakat payers (muzaki) caused by cigarette prices and income changes. Using a dataset from SUSENAS 2018 and conducted under kifayah approach (a poverty line approach in Islamic economics that will allow the observers to differentiate between muzaki and mustahik), this study employed two-part regression models. Results showed that an increasing income escalated cigarette consumption …

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Biaya Pengobatan Pasien Rawat Inap Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit X Tahun 2021, Reli Giusman, Atik Nurwahyuni Dec 2022

Biaya Pengobatan Pasien Rawat Inap Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit X Tahun 2021, Reli Giusman, Atik Nurwahyuni

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various hospitals in the world to experience difficulties in providing services because the number of patients has soared in a short time. The widespread pandemic with high mortality in various parts of the country has resulted in high hospitalizations for patients due to COVID-19, so the cost of treatment has also increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost of treating COVID-19 inpatients at Hospital X. The data used is secondary data derived from INACBG's data and medical records as many as 1,196 samples in the period August 2020 to April 2021. …

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Penundaan Pembayaran Klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Oleh Bpjs Kesehatan Di Indonesia: Sebuah Scoping Review, Immanuel Natanael Tarigan, Feni Dwi Lestari Dec 2022

Penundaan Pembayaran Klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Oleh Bpjs Kesehatan Di Indonesia: Sebuah Scoping Review, Immanuel Natanael Tarigan, Feni Dwi Lestari

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Since it was first implemented, the utilization of the National Health Insurance (JKN) has been increasing each year. Currently, almost all hospitals accept JKN patients. However, the JKN claim payment process did not run as conveniently as expected, and there were frequent delays in payment. This delay becomes a major obstacle in hospitals, especially public hospital, which relies heavily upon JKN patients for its cashflow. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the delay in the payment of JKN claims and what factors are involved, especially in public hospitals. This study was conducted using the scoping method review with …

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Kajian Atas Risiko Kelompok Usia Dan Klaim Rumah Sakit (Rs) Covid-19 Di Indonesia, 2020 – 2021, Andhika Nurwin Maulana, Ruli E Al Faizin, Kalsum Komaryani, Farah Purwaningrum, Hasbullah Thabrany Dec 2022

Kajian Atas Risiko Kelompok Usia Dan Klaim Rumah Sakit (Rs) Covid-19 Di Indonesia, 2020 – 2021, Andhika Nurwin Maulana, Ruli E Al Faizin, Kalsum Komaryani, Farah Purwaningrum, Hasbullah Thabrany

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

This study measures the risk of age group and its correlation with severity level, length-of-stay (LOS), cost of treatment, and discharge of inpatient status. By ‘age group’ we refer to children, productive, and elderly. Since mid-2020 government of Indonesia opted for a micro lockdown in several areas to reduce pandemic transmission nevertheless ensure economic recovery. However, people will have a higher risk if they conduct economic activities, moreover if they were to take public transport to their workplace. We also measure several differences between the implementation of technical guidance of 4th and 5th had a more significant differences in LOS …

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Evaluating The Degree Of Using Islamic Financing Instruments Based On The Concept Of Indebtedness And Its Developmental Importance (A Case Study Of Palestine Islamic Banks 2013-2019), Azmi Awad Dec 2022

Evaluating The Degree Of Using Islamic Financing Instruments Based On The Concept Of Indebtedness And Its Developmental Importance (A Case Study Of Palestine Islamic Banks 2013-2019), Azmi Awad

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

This study aimed to shed light on the Islamic financing instruments based on the concept of Indebtedness and indicate the degree of the use of those instruments in the Islamic banks during 2013-2019. This could be achieved by indicating the size and degree of concentration of the use of those instruments and the fairness of their distribution to various economic sectors on the one hand, and explaining the developmental importance of those financing instruments in the economy on the other hand. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and the comparative approach. To test the validity of the hypotheses, Pearson …

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Urban Expansion Of Energiewende In Germany: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis And Literature Study, Peter Yang Dec 2022

Urban Expansion Of Energiewende In Germany: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis And Literature Study, Peter Yang

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Despite Germany’s world leadership of Energiewende, there have been mounting challenges, such as the slowdown of German renewable energy growth since 2017, when the Merkel administration dramatically changed the German renewable energy promotion policy from feed-in tariffs to competitive auctions. These challenges pose important research questions about whether and how an emerging urban expansion of Energiewende can serve as a vital solution to counteract the challenges to the energy transition. Answering these research questions provides a unique opportunity to explore the academic and historic foundations of the energy transition and its urban expansion, the emerging events that exemplify urban …

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Human Development And Macroeconomic Shocks In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Risikat O.S. Dauda, Onyebuchi Iwegbu Dec 2022

Human Development And Macroeconomic Shocks In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Risikat O.S. Dauda, Onyebuchi Iwegbu

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

This paper explores how human development responds to selected macroeconomic shocks in Nigeria. The study employed the Sen’s capabilities approach as the analytical approach and posited that the level of education, health status, quality of investment, technology, and government fiscal and monetary policies are plausible determinants of human development. We used the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) to estimate the responses of such selected shocks, which are inflation, interest rate, government capital expenditure, exchange rate, current account balance, and savings shocks. The Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) and the Impulse Response (IR) showed that a fiscal policy shock is the major …

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Natural Selection Of Immune And Metabolic Genes Associated With Health In Two Lowland Bolivian Populations, Amanda J. Lea, Angela Garcia, Jesusa Arevalo, Julien F. Ayroles, Kenneth Buetow, Steve W. Cole, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Maguin Gutierrez, Heather M. Highland, Paul L. Hooper, Anne Justice, Thomas Kraft, Kari E. North, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Benjamin C. Trumble, Michael Gurven Dec 2022

Natural Selection Of Immune And Metabolic Genes Associated With Health In Two Lowland Bolivian Populations, Amanda J. Lea, Angela Garcia, Jesusa Arevalo, Julien F. Ayroles, Kenneth Buetow, Steve W. Cole, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Maguin Gutierrez, Heather M. Highland, Paul L. Hooper, Anne Justice, Thomas Kraft, Kari E. North, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Benjamin C. Trumble, Michael Gurven

ESI Publications

A growing body of work has addressed human adaptations to diverse environments using genomic data, but few studies have connected putatively selected alleles to phenotypes, much less among underrepresented populations such as Amerindians. Studies of natural selection and genotype–phenotype relationships in underrepresented populations hold potential to uncover previously undescribed loci underlying evolutionarily and biomedically relevant traits. Here, we worked with the Tsimane and the Moseten, two Amerindian populations inhabiting the Bolivian lowlands. We focused most intensively on the Tsimane, because long-term anthropological work with this group has shown that they have a high burden of both macro and microparasites, as …

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Growth And Distribution: Revisting Solow’S Growth Models From The Perspective Of The Marxian Circuit Of Capital, Hee-Young Shin Dec 2022

Growth And Distribution: Revisting Solow’S Growth Models From The Perspective Of The Marxian Circuit Of Capital, Hee-Young Shin

Economics Faculty Publications

The aggregate production function used in Solow’s growth models assumes the constancy in relative income distribution between owners of capital and labor input. The paper discusses the validity of this fundamental assumption and attempts to identify the necessary condition for the balanced and equi-proportional growth of relative incomes from the perspective of the Marxian circuit of capital model. The analysis in this paper shows that the constancy and proportionality in the growth of two social class incomes are not consistent with real-world patterns of the capital accumulation process, in which the decision over capitalization of realized surplus value that determines …

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Feeling The Heat: Climate Change Is Becoming A Big Factor In Business Decision-Making, Risk Assessment, Candace Beeke, Sahan Dissanayake, Jennifer Price, Moss Adams Dec 2022

Feeling The Heat: Climate Change Is Becoming A Big Factor In Business Decision-Making, Risk Assessment, Candace Beeke, Sahan Dissanayake, Jennifer Price, Moss Adams

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Portland Business Journal Publisher and President Candace Beeke spoke recently with PSU’s Sahan Dissanayake and Jennifer Price, with Moss Adams, about the direct and indirect effects of climate change on business, along with the physical impacts and economic hazards. Here are their insights.

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Fixing The Taxation System - Part I, Ishrat Husain Dr. Dec 2022

Fixing The Taxation System - Part I, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

Very few people outside the economics profession realize that fiscal (government revenue and expenditure) and current accounts (inflows and outflows of foreign exchange) are closely interlinked. A current account is an accounting identity which shows the difference between a country’s national savings and domestic investments. China is a current account surplus country because its national savings are higher than its investment needs and is therefore a capital exporting nation that is financing the current account deficit of the US. Pakistan, except for three years – 2003, 2004 and 2005 – has been a current account deficit country. Since significant foreign …

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Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix Dec 2022

Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix

Center for Policy Research

This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ε-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach de-parts from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ε-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ε-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox” for a wide range of specifications which includes the …

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The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina Dec 2022

The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina

Center for Policy Research

We examine spending on retiree health care as a percentage of revenues for a sample of New York State school districts. The fiscal burden of these benefits grew from 2010 to 2021, and big city school districts have faced the largest burdens. Assuming CBO forecasts regarding growth in health care costs and continuation of recent trends in revenue growth, we project that the burden of retiree health care benefits will exceed 10 percent of revenue by 2050. Projected burdens are greatest big city and high need rural districts. We discuss cutting benefits and pre-funding as possible policy responses.

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“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu Dec 2022

“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu

Center for Policy Research

The fast-growing demographic group of Asian Americans is often perceived as a “model minority.” This paper establishes empirical evidence of this stereotype in the context of education and then analyzes its consequences. We show that teachers rate Asian students’ academic skills more favorably than observationally similar White students in the same class, even after accounting for test performance and behavior. This contrasts with teachers’ lower likelihood of favoring Black and Hispanic students. Notably, teachers respond to the presence of any Asian student in the classroom by exacerbating Black-White and Hispanic-White assessment gaps. This suggests that the “model minority” stereotype can …

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Lessons Learned: Gaurav Vasisht, Sandra Ward Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Gaurav Vasisht, Sandra Ward

Journal of Financial Crises

Gaurav Vasisht served as assistant counsel, banking and financial services, to the governor of New York during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC). In his role, Vasisht set the governor’s agenda for banking and financial policy and oversaw the regulatory and legislative priorities of the state banking and insurance departments. Vasisht played a pivotal role in developing and drafting consumer protection legislation, particularly as it related to housing foreclosures at the time of the crisis. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Vasisht that occurred on September 27, 2019.

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Lessons Learned: Kevin Stiroh, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Kevin Stiroh, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Kevin Stiroh was head of the Financial Sector Analysis Supervision Group at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC). At the FRBNY, Stiroh was a leader in the design of the “stress test” for the banking system, the Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP). In the aftermath of the GFC, members of the FRBNY, including Stiroh, drafted a report on systemic risk and bank supervision, laying out lessons learned from the crisis and their recommendations. In February 2021, Stiroh transitioned from the FRBNY to a leadership position with the Federal Reserve Board …

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Lessons Learned: Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Veerathai Santiprabhob was the governor of the Bank of Thailand from 2015 to 2020, a period that included the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier in his career, he was an economist at the International Monetary Fund. At the time of the 1997–1998 Asian Financial Crisis, he returned to his home country to take a position at the Ministry of Finance. There, he was involved with the government response to that financial crisis. From 2000 to 2015, he held private-sector finance jobs before going to lead the Bank of Thailand. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Santiprabhob …

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Lessons Learned: Erik Sirri, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Erik Sirri, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Erik Sirri served as director of the Division of Trading and Markets at the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2006 to 2009. In his post, he was responsible for matters relating to the regulation of stock and option exchanges, national securities associations, brokers-dealers, clearing agencies, transfer agents, and credit rating agencies. Before joining the SEC in 1996, he was an assistant professor of finance at the Harvard Business School from 1989 to 1995. Sirri served as the SEC’s chief economist until 1999, before returning to academia. He is currently a professor of finance at Babson College. His research …

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Lessons Learned: Claudia Sahm, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Claudia Sahm, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Claudia Sahm was a principal economist in the Division of Research and Statistics of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 2007 to 2017 and section chief for the Consumer & Community Development section in the Division of Consumer and Community Affairs from 2017 to 2019. Her work focused on macro forecasting; she also researched household behavior and responses to fiscal stimulus. While at the Fed, she proposed the Sahm Rule, a gauge to call the start of a recession, based on an average of the unemployment rate. The rule is part of Sahm’s work on the …

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Lessons Learned: Hiroshi Nakaso, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Hiroshi Nakaso, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Hiroshi Nakaso joined the Bank of Japan (BOJ) in 1978, rising to deputy governor in 2013. He was instrumental in addressing Japan’s domestic crisis of 1997 and its response to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). He retired from the bank in 2018 and has since served as chairman of the Daiwa Institute of Research in Tokyo. This Lessons Learned summary is based on a November 2021 interview with Nakaso

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Lessons Learned: Deborah Perelmuter, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Deborah Perelmuter, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Deborah Perelmuter has spent more than three decades with the Federal Reserve System. In 2008, as senior vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) and co-head of Capital Markets Analysis and Trading (CMAT) within the Markets Group, she was tasked with setting up the operational details of the Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF). The TSLF auctioned Treasury securities to primary dealers in exchange for less liquid collateral to provide liquidity to those firms during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009. Perelmuter became senior financial stability adviser within the office of the director in the FRBNY’s Research …

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Lessons Learned: Mike Leahy, Yasemin Sim Esmen Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Mike Leahy, Yasemin Sim Esmen

Journal of Financial Crises

Mike Leahy was associate director at the Federal Reserve Board’s Division of International Finance between 2008 and 2010. He was instrumental in establishing swap lines with foreign central banks and reviewed and reported on excess reserve balances and required interest payments to depository institutions. This Lessons Learned is based on a phone interview with Leahy on October 22, 2020.

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Lessons Learned: Patrick Honohan, Maryann Haggerty Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Patrick Honohan, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Patrick Honohan, an economist, was governor of the Central Bank of Ireland and a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) from September 2009 until November 2015. Early in his tenure, he led a team that investigated the causes of the Irish banking crisis that broke out in 2008 during the Global Financial Crisis. Resolving the problems of bank failure and over-indebtedness that emerged in that crisis dominated his term of office. In late 2010, Ireland had to request financial assistance from the “troika” of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Commission, and the European …

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Lessons Learned: Andrew Gray, Mercedes Cardona Dec 2022

Lessons Learned: Andrew Gray, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Andrew Gray joined the FDIC in 2007, after having been majority director of communications for the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and press secretary for US Senator Richard C. Shelby (R–AL). Gray’s initial project was a campaign to mark the 75th anniversary of the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); his role evolved into running crisis communications as the FDIC stepped in during several bank failures triggered by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and conducted 489 bank resolutions during 2008–2013. After the crisis, the FDIC also assumed new responsibilities over the winding down of …

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Thailand: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Ezekiel Vergara, Corey N. Runkel Dec 2022

Thailand: Reserve Requirements, Afc, Ezekiel Vergara, Corey N. Runkel

Journal of Financial Crises

Following years of growth, the Thai economy began showing confidence-busting signs in 1996, including a liquidity crunch. In May 1997, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) announced that it would expand the list of short-term assets that banks and finance companies could use to satisfy the BOT’s liquidity reserve requirement, including obligations of the Financial Institution Development Fund (FIDF), which provided liquidity support to illiquid financial institutions. In the summer of 1997, the BOT suspended the operations of 58 finance companies and floated the Thai baht (THB), unleashing the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC). Tight liquidity conditions continued and, in September 1997, …

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