Economics Commons^™

Earthquakes And Home Prices: The Napa And Ridgecrest Quakes, Gary Smith, James H. Jung

Pomona Economics

A comparison of residential home sales six months before and after the 2014 South Napa and 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequences shows that prices dropped substantially, and that the effects on individual home prices were directly related to the intensity with which the earthquakes were felt at the location of each home.

Part 3: Who's At The Bedside? Does Virginia Have Enough Nurses?, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

In 2021, nurses ranked again as the most trusted profession in the United States. Yet, even though many Americans view them favorably, nurses have been the target of conspiracy theories, verbal abuse, and physical violence. As more nurses report symptoms of burnout and some are quitting the profession entirely, we explore the coming shortage of nurses in Virginia and ask what factors limit the supply of nurses.

Passive-Aggressive Intervention: The Impact Of Mandated Paid Parental Leave On Childcare Labor, Justin Fiume

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

Gender inequality is one of the few fundamentally persistent inequalities within society, especially in the United States. This thesis will use a Marxist-feminist approach to explore the impact of the United States’ capitalist market economy on gender-specific public and private life structures. Specifically, how inequality is exacerbated as women transition to motherhood. This paper hypothesizes that a mandated paid parental leave would alleviate some of this ‘second burden’ by encompassing fathers in its eligibility. We formulate a difference-in- difference model to estimate the causal effects of two current states who mandate paid parental leave and evaluate the average treatment effect …

Some Causes, Common Fears, And The Economic Impact Of Immigration From Latin America On The U.S., Joshua Fohner

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

Recently there has been a sharp increase in the promotion of anti-immigration rhetoric and sentiments driven by former President Trump and conservative lawmakers in Washington. These attitudes have led some members of the public to adopt various beliefs of immigrants that are negative or poorly understood. The focus of this paper will be primarily on people from Mexico and other Latin American nations, as people from this part of the world have been

primarily the target of these beliefs. This paper will first analyze some of the social and political reasons why people choose to emigrate from their home countries. …

Parallel State Currency: A Mechanism To Expand Sovereignty For Countries With Foreign Debt And Trade Deficits, Angelica Huerta Ojeda

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

Some countries, due to historical events, are within a creditor-debtor relationship and are unable to make full use of their currency. Debtor countries tend to not be fully sovereign -are either dependent on food, energy, or technology- which results in them being reliant on capital inflows. Foreign debt and lack of sovereignty feed each other into a debt trap and create an endless chain of dependency. This essay attempts to explore the possibility that governments with foreign debt and lack of sovereignty, like Mexico, should create another unit of account while keeping the current one. The parallel currency would not …

Term Structure Of Equity: Analysis For The Case Of European Stocks, Sulayman Jaiteh

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This paper studies the equity term structure and its relevance in pricing Euro- pean stocks, using a duration concept. In explaining the cross-sectional variation

in the duration premium, we made use of cash flow duration in understanding the value premium. Empirically, we measure cash flow duration using balance sheet data and to show if difference in return is a manifestation of value premium. Also relating the time series return to the factor model of Fama and French model which was able to explain the 40% of the cross-sectional variation in return. The term structure of equity shows a downward slope …

A Stock-Flow Consistent Model Of Income Inequality: The Destabilizing Effects Of The German Labor Market On The Emu, Simon Grothe

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This thesis presents a stock-flow consistent model (SFC) that analyzes the effects of Germany’s wage moderation on other Eurozone economies. It

shows that excessive German saving comes at a cost: the decoupling of pro- ductivity growth and real wage growth for the largest share of the German

workforce relies on internal and external debt. The SFC model presented in this paper is inspired by the recent Eurozone model by Gräbner et al. (2021) that is published as a working paper. Germany’s wage moderation will be

discussed as an example for how income inequality reduces domestic aggre- gate demand but gets …

Local Revenue Development In Egypt / الإيرادات المحلية في مصر, Adel El Hemaily, Heba Yousry, Mohamed Hesham, Nada Bedir, Riham Soliman

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Local administration in Egypt faces several challenges that hinder fulfilling its responsibilities towards citizens sufficiently. The main challenges are the lack of financial resources due to over-regulation as well as the non-enforcement of laws and regulations that allow the local administration to collect its own tax share, the local administration staff’s lack of skills to manage and develop revenue sources, and lack of accountability mechanisms. This policy paper seeks to propose policies to aid the local administration in increasing its financial resources.

In this paper, the authors depended on desk research as well as interviews held with officials from the …

Introduction To Macroeconomics, Kenny Christianson

Economics Faculty Scholarship

The textbook begins by looking at basic economic concepts and models, such as scarcity, choice, model-building, opportunity cost, production possibilities curves, comparative advantage, and supply and demand analysis. After a chapter exploring the relationships between markets and government, the text then delves into a rigorous analysis of the theory and practice of macroeconomics. Topics include the measurement of macroeconomic variables, macroeconomic models, and fiscal and monetary policy. The text emphasizes the connections between theory and policy in exploring the field of macroeconomics.

The Effect Of Flooding On Inequality In Developing Countries: A Qualitative Analysis, Eva Gregory

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Global warming continues to have a negative effect on the environment and, by extension, the economy. Incidence of natural disasters are increasing because of climate change, with flooding being one of the most common and costly types of disaster. Studies on the effect of floods on the economy have revealed that flooding increases the amount of income inequality. However, there is not a unified, qualitative analysis of the reasons for the post-flood increase in inequality. This thesis examines multiple different flood events in several developing countries to answer how flooding affects inequality in developing countries. It produces a synthesized analysis …

The Covid-19 Pandemic And Its Effects On The Primary And Secondary Mortgage Markets In The U.S., Jordan Myers

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

In this report, there is a multi-faceted analysis of how the COVID-19 pandemic affected relationships within U.S. mortgage markets. First, the paper looks at the economic conditions that arose after the pandemic hit in March 2020. These conditions included a severe drop in home sales followed by the Fed consistently decreasing the Fed Funds rate. Next, the paper looks at the perspective of the individual homeowner and renter. This section touches on the lacking access to liquidity that individuals had during the pandemic, thus making it hard for them to make mortgage or rent payments. Then, there is an examination …

Did2s: Two-Stage Difference-In-Differences, Kyle Butts, John Gardner

Faculty and Student Publications

Recent work has highlighted the difficulties of estimating difference-in-differences models when the treatment is adopted at different times for different units. This article introduces the R package did2s which implements the estimator introduced in Gardner (2022). The article provides an approachable review of the underlying econometric theory and introduces the syntax for the function did2s. Further, the package introduces functions, event_study and plot_event_study, which uses a common syntax to implement all of the modern event-study estimators

Climate Change And Food Security In Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries, Ahmed Adefemi Adesete, Oluwanbepelumi Esther Olanubi, Risikat Oladoyin Dauda

Faculty and Student Publications

This study examined the nexus between climate change and food security in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSA). With focus on 30 countries within the region, the study employed the dynamic panel data analysis using the one-step and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) model. The time observed spanned from 2000 through 2019. The study found that increase in greenhouse gas emission would lead to an increase in prevalence of malnourishment rate, resulting in a decrease in food security in SSA. In addition, climate change and food price have a negative significant effect on food security, while income and food supply …

The Criticality Of Financial Development And Energy Consumption For Environmental Sustainability In Oecd Countries: Evidence From Dynamic Panel Analysis, Olatunji Abdul Shobande, Lawrence Ogbeifun

Faculty and Student Publications

This study explored whether financial development and energy consumption affect environmental sustainability in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The empirical evidence used in this study was based on the standard fixed effects and the Arellano-Bover/Bundell Bond dynamic panel approach. Our empirical results demonstrated the importance of a financial development index and energy efficiency for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability in the OECD. The mechanism through which financial development affects carbon emissions has been identified as energy consumption and foreign direct investment. Our study recommends that financial development be prioritised alongside investments in energy efficiency to promote …

Education Finance As A Social Determinant Of Health In The United States, Sydney Mock

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of K-12 education finance in the determination of health outcomes in the United States. To accomplish this, first, the differing theoretical perspectives surrounding health outcomes are explored. Second, theoretical literature surrounding public finance of education and cash vs in-kind benefits are explored to establish the grounds for connecting education finance and health. Third, a framework is presented to trace the pathways of how education finance determines health outcomes. Finally, the manuscript brings together a review of the literature on similar benefits and an evaluation of a voucher program in Cleveland, …

Us Financial Expansions And Exchange Rate Determination, Matthew Brill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how US financial activity influences the exchange rates of foreign nations. Starting off by building on Currency Hierarchy and Minskyan dynamics, I look at how financial cycles generated in the US, the key economy, transmit liquidity towards economies on the periphery. Additionally, I use the increase in shadow banking asset accumulation relative to commercial banking asset accumulation as indicative of financial expansions in the US, and the driving force of financial cycles. Using vector autoregression (VAR) analysis I test the relationships between the ratio of US shadow banking assets relative to commercial …

Socioeconomic Factors And Mass Shootings, 1982-2016, Taylor Petkovich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper is an examination and investigation of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and mass shootings. The objective of this paper was to see if economic policy making could be an effective tool for reducing the level of mass gun violence that America has been experiencing. This paper highlights the known relationship between violent crime and economics and tries to bridge that connection to mass shootings specifically through literature review and econometric testing. The ultimate takeaway from this paper’s results and analysis is the need for a universal definition and governing body for data on mass shootings in order to …

Cooperative-Led Green Value Chain Development For Selected Highland Vegetables In Buguias, Benguet, Paul Kenneth B. Maghirang

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

This study proposes a cooperative-led green value chain model for selected highland vegetables in Buguias, Benguet. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data were gathered through KII, FGD, and survey interviews among 30 farmer-members of LIFMPC. Descriptive, cost and returns, and value chain analysis were conducted. The proposed model of cooperative-led green value chain for selected highland vegetables was developed based on current practices of the farmer respondents. The greening opportunities were identified in different segments of the chain, from input sourcing to consumption, as well as the actors and their activities. Performing these green practices …

Assessing Deportations: The Factors That Influence U.S. Deportations And Their Public Perceptions, Madelynn Einhorn

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Deportations are an understudied component of U.S. deportation policy. While a range of literature focuses on the factors that influence immigration inflows and public perceptions of immigrants, relatively few have studied deportations. I studied deportations by conducting time-series analysis of yearly deportations and by analyzing three original public opinion surveys on perceptions of deportations. In my time-series chapter, I used regression analysis to find that the party composition of the U.S. House and Senate, the unemployment rate, and the incarceration rate influence deportations. In my public opinion chapter, I find that a plurality of American’s support deportations, particularly when they …

Food Insecurity, Racial Diversity, And Reservation Land: Relationships With The Credit Security Index, Theodor Gordon, Braden Orr

Initiative for Native Nation Relations

The Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibit banks from discriminating based on race, gender, national origin, and other protected categories. Are these laws enough to mitigate the multigenerational impacts of discrimination experienced by these communities? To address this question, this project examined whether unequal access to credit persists in communities on or adjacent to Indian reservations, communities with high levels of racial diversity, and communities where women are a greater percentage of the population than men.

No Need For Certainty In Animal Sentience, Yew Kwang Ng

Animal Sentience

This commentary supports Crump et al.’s (2022) point that where risks to welfare are severe, strong evidence of sentience is sufficient to warrant protecting welfare. Crump et al.’s eight criteria for sentience are also useful. Flexible decision-making (5) and flexible behaviour (6) are consistent with Ng (1995). The concession that the “no-need-for-sentience” proposition is unnecessary also strengthens the importance of the target article’s conclusions.

No. 85: Pandemic Food Precarity, Crisis-Living And Translocality: Zimbabwean Migrant Households In South Africa During Covid-19, Sujata Ramachandran, Jonathan Crush, Godfrey Tawodzera, Elizabeth Opiyo Onyango

Southern African Migration Programme

COVID-19 has been a great disrupter of international migration and a social and economic disaster for migrants. The findings in this report come from a household survey conducted by SAMP in mid-2021 in the South African cities of Cape Town and Johannesburg. The report argues that years of crisis-living in a hyperinflationary environment in Zimbabwe left many households in a pre-pandemic state of food insecurity and vulnerable to the pandemic shock. At the same time, the COVID-19 crisis reduced the ability of Zimbabwean migrant households in South Africa to assist family back in Zimbabwe. As well as contributing to greater …

Usefulness Of Audit-Firm Transparency Disclosures, Jooanne Choi

2022

South Korea is one of the first countries to enact audit transparency disclosure, requiring public accounting firms to file an annual report containing information on audit production, governance, operations, on-going litigations, and regulatory inspection results. In this dissertation, I make use of this rich information setting to address issues concerning audit quality management systems, audit-firm governance, and resource allocation in audit productions.

Motivated by the recent call from the PCAOB (Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board) for better understanding of audit-firm quality control system, the first chapter (sole-authored) examines the determinants of and return on firm-level investment in quality management. I …

The Covid-19 Pandemic And The Importance Of Financing The Biotechnology Industry In South Africa, Ramazan Uctu, Karen Eksteen

The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance

Whether it is a government research institution, a public-private partnership, or a private enterprise, the South African biotechnology industry requires funding for the biotechnology industry. Our goal with this research is to look into the role of venture capital (VC) in financing biotech enterprises and demonstrate how VC finance could aid in the development of diagnostic kits and vaccines for Covid-19 or future pandemics in South Africa.

The study aims to provide policymakers with a clear image of the importance of funding the biotechnology sector, notably during the Covid-19 period, as recognized by the industry's key players. We employed a …

The New Solar Kiosk Model: A Sustainable Solution To Address The Uptake And Access Of Renewable Technologies To Create Energy Kiosks That Improve Women’S Income In Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Kiryandongo District, Northern Uganda., Musiimenta Joy Kellen

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

This thesis was carried out in the Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement in Northern Uganda to test a new model to improve access to clean energy technologies in the refugee settlement. The settlement hosts more than seventy-five thousand refugees, including the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from the Bududa landslides in Eastern Uganda. The literature review shows the challenges faced in the humanitarian sector. The challenge is met in providing lighting and improved cooking technologies to all refugees in settlements and camps globally. The refugees tend to cut down trees in the surrounding forest, and the wood is used for firewood to cook …

Electing To Take On Risk: Political Uncertainty, Midterm Elections, And The Cross-Section Of Stock Returns, John Thornhill

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The relatively high average returns on stocks are understood to be partly a function of the risk taken on by investors when investing in stocks. One source of this risk is the uncertainty regarding future government policy. This uncertainty, though, is not constant across time; it is greatest around elections, when new policies are unknown and the impact of the policies will be relatively immediate. As uncertainty resolves following the election, risk premia should decrease & prices should rise. Thus, investors who buy stocks during this period of uncertainty should be compensated with higher average returns in the months following …

Universal Preschool And Maternal Labor Force Participation: Evidence From Florida And Vermont, Hannah Keidan

Honors Papers

The United States lags far behind other developed countries in terms of preschool provision and access. Because subsidized preschool effectively serves as childcare for enrolled students, preschool policies have ramifications in the labor market; namely, whether or not parents return to work after having children. This paper investigates the only two state-wide universal pre-k programs in the country, those of Florida and Vermont. I use a synthetic controls approach in order to address the impact these programs have had on maternal labor force participation rates in each state. I find that while Vermont’s pre-k policy may have produced a significant …

Cotton: A Historiographical And Instructional Exploration: 1835-2020, Chad Joseph Rosenbloom

History - Master of Arts in Teaching

I.Synthesis Essay……………………………...2

II.Primary Documents and Headnotes……...36

III.Textbook Critique…………………………...45

IV.New Textbook Entry………………………..49

V.Bibliography………………………………….53

Annual Report 2021 – 22: China Study Centre Iba Karachi, China Study Centre, Institute Of Business Administration

China Study Centre - Research and Reports

Pakistan has a longstanding relationship with the People’s Republic of China, as Pakistan was the first country to recognize it. Over time, the strategic and economic relationship between both the countries have been strengthening through various joint projects, with China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) being an exemplary project. CPEC is China’s 15-years old, $62 billion investment in Pakistan. Moreover, the flagship project of its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) took a five-decade-long strategic alliance between the two countries to the economic sphere in 2015. CPEC is best seen as an economic peg in terms of broader strategic relationships between both countries. …

Community Well-Being And Leadership In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: 2022 Nebraska Rural Poll Results, Rebecca J. Vogt, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Steven A. Schulz, Amanda Tupper

Nebraska Rural Poll

Rural Nebraskans are less positive about the current change and expected future change in their communities this year. The proportion believing their community has changed for the better has typically been greater than the proportion believing it has changed for the worse. However, last year the proportion believing their community changed for the worse was slightly more than the proportion believing it had changed for the better (similar to what occurred in 2003 and 2009). This year, that gap widened a bit.

Despite that, rural Nebraskans are positive about their community by many different measures. Most rural Nebraskans rate their …