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2006

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Articles 511 - 540 of 868

Full-Text Articles in Economics

Backlash To Globalization In The Form Of State Legislation: Constitutional Implications, John R. Weber Mar 2006

Backlash To Globalization In The Form Of State Legislation: Constitutional Implications, John R. Weber

ExpressO

This paper will examine the Constitutional issues raised by the influx of state anti-outsourcing legislation using a recently enacted New Jersey statute. The New Jersey statute is very similar to, and contains many of the same features as, many other bills introduced in legislatures across the nation. Moreover, the political impetus for the introduction and enactment of the legislation reflects the struggle over the outsourcing issue that is occurring in communities nationwide.

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Global Pharmaceutical Patent Law In Developing Countries- Amending Trips To Promote Access For All, Angela J. Anderson Mar 2006

Global Pharmaceutical Patent Law In Developing Countries- Amending Trips To Promote Access For All, Angela J. Anderson

ExpressO

This comment will analyze the need to amend and revise the current global pharmaceutical patent system under TRIPS to take into account the needs of developing countries and overall public health. This comment will emphasize that the current international trade rules, which although administered by the WTO, are dictated by developed country governments and powerful pharmaceutical companies, and therefore, without reform will further diminish the access of poor people in developing countries to vital medicines. Part II of this comment will provide a general overview of the international trade law governing patents on pharmaceuticals focusing specifically on the development of …

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Regulatory Reform: The New Lochnerism?, David M. Driesen Mar 2006

Regulatory Reform: The New Lochnerism?, David M. Driesen

ExpressO

This article explores the question of whether contemporary regulatory reformers’ attitudes toward government regulation have anything in common with those of the Lochner-era Court. It finds that both groups tend to favor value neutral law guided by cost-benefit analysis over legislative value choices. Their skepticism toward redistributive legislation reflects shared beliefs that regulation often proves counterproductive in terms of its own objectives, fails demanding tests for rationality, and violates the natural order. This parallelism raises fresh questions about claims of neutrality and heightened rationality that serve as important justifications modern regulatory reform.

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Globalization, Agency, And Institutional Innovation: The Rise Of Public-Private Partnerships In Global Governance, Liliana B. Andonova Mar 2006

Globalization, Agency, And Institutional Innovation: The Rise Of Public-Private Partnerships In Global Governance, Liliana B. Andonova

Working Papers in Economics

Public and private actors increasingly cooperate in global governance, a realm previously reserved for states and intergovernmental organizations (IOs). This trend raises fascinating theoretical questions. What explains the rise in public-private institutions and their role in international politics? Who leads such institutional innovation and why? To address the questions, this paper develops a theory of the political demand and supply of public-private institutions and specifies the conditions under which IOs and non-state actors would cooperate, and states would support this public-private cooperation. The observable implications of the theoretical argument are evaluated against the broad trends in public-private cooperation and in …

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Industry Leaders Debate Big Pharma R&D (Too Little Hope?) And Stem Cell Research (Too Much Hype?), Knowledge@Smu Mar 2006

Industry Leaders Debate Big Pharma R&D (Too Little Hope?) And Stem Cell Research (Too Much Hype?), Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Different points on the research spectrum were under the microscope at the Wharton Health Care Business Conference last month as two panels of biotech, pharmaceutical and investment leaders discussed the state of R&D among big pharmaceuticals and the progress of stem cell research. While disappointing results in both sectors have dominated the news lately, panelists at each session also noted some promising developments -- and causes for optimism -- in their respective fields.

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Identifying Technically Efficient Fishing Vessels: A Non-Empty, Minimal Subset Approach, William C. Horrace, Kurt E. Schnier, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes Mar 2006

Identifying Technically Efficient Fishing Vessels: A Non-Empty, Minimal Subset Approach, William C. Horrace, Kurt E. Schnier, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes

Economics - All Scholarship

There is a growing resource economics literature, concerning the estimation of the technical efficiency of fishing vessels utilizing the stochastic frontier model. In these models, vessel output is regressed on a linear function of vessel inputs and a random composed error. Using parametric assumptions on the regression residual, estimates of vessel technical efficiency are calculated as the mean of a truncated normal distribution and are often reported in a rank statistic as a measure of a captain’s skill and used to estimate excess capacity within fisheries. We demonstrate analytically that these measures are potentially flawed, and extend the results of …

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Inter-Industry Gender Wage Gaps By Knowledge Intensity: Discrimination And Technology In Korea, William C. Horrace, Beyza P. Ural, Jin Hwa Jung Mar 2006

Inter-Industry Gender Wage Gaps By Knowledge Intensity: Discrimination And Technology In Korea, William C. Horrace, Beyza P. Ural, Jin Hwa Jung

Economics - All Scholarship

A new gender wage gap decomposition methodology is introduced that does not suffer from the identification problem caused by unobserved non-discriminatory wage structure. The methodology is used to measure the relative size of Korean gender wage gaps from 1994 to 2000 across industries, differentiated by industrial knowledge intensity, where knowledge intensity is the extent to which industries produce or employ high-technology products. Korea represents an important case study, since it possesses one of the fastest growing knowledge-intensive economies, among industrialized countries. Empirical results indicate that over this period, discrimination (the unexplained portion of the gender wage gaps) in Korea was …

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Rhode Island Current Conditions Index -- March 2006, Leonard Lardaro Mar 2006

Rhode Island Current Conditions Index -- March 2006, Leonard Lardaro

The Rhode Island Current Conditions Index

No abstract provided.

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Naked Slotting Fees For Vertical Control Of Multi-Product Retail Markets, Robert Innes, Stephen F. Hamilton Mar 2006

Naked Slotting Fees For Vertical Control Of Multi-Product Retail Markets, Robert Innes, Stephen F. Hamilton

Economics

Slotting fees are fixed charges paid by food manufacturers to retailers for access to the retail market. This note considers this practice in the context of multi-product markets with imperfectly competitive retailers, a monopoly supplier of one good, and competitive suppliers of other goods. We show how the monopolist and the retailers can use "naked" slotting fees–charges imposed on the suppliers of other goods–to obtain vertically integrated monopoly profits.

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Vol. 7, No. 1: Deadly Links Between Mobility And Hiv/Aids, Belinda Dodson, Jonathan Crush Mar 2006

Vol. 7, No. 1: Deadly Links Between Mobility And Hiv/Aids, Belinda Dodson, Jonathan Crush

Southern African Migration Programme

No abstract provided.

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Vision 2006 El Paso Citizen Survey, America Tirado, Dennis L. Soden Mar 2006

Vision 2006 El Paso Citizen Survey, America Tirado, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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At The Cross Roads: Us / Mexico Border Counties In Transition, Dennis L. Soden Mar 2006

At The Cross Roads: Us / Mexico Border Counties In Transition, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

In 1998, former Texas Comptroller John Sharp published Bordering the Future: Challenge and Opportunity in the Texas Border Region,which provided an assessment of the economic, political, and social condition of the Texas border counties. This report, commissioned by the US / Mexico Border Counties Coalition, extends those findings to all of the 24 U.S. counties that are contiguous with Mexico. As a region, if these 24 counties were the 51st state, how would they compare with the rest of the nation?

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The Social And Economic Impact Of Sanctions And Time Limits On Recipients Of Temporary Assistance To Needy Families, Taryn Lindhorst, Ronald J. Mancoske Mar 2006

The Social And Economic Impact Of Sanctions And Time Limits On Recipients Of Temporary Assistance To Needy Families, Taryn Lindhorst, Ronald J. Mancoske

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A central feature of the reforms enacted through the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (welfare reform) has been the adoption of strategies to involuntarily remove Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients from the welfare rolls, including increased use of sanctions and time limits on welfare receipt. Drawing on data from a three year panel study of women who had been receiving welfare in a state which adopted stringent sanctioning and time limit policies, we investigate predictors of recipients' TANF status after implementation of welfare reform, and identify differences in post-reform material resources, hardships and quality of life …

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The Influence Of National Aid Coordination On The Impact Of Aid Programs, Lene Skrumsager Moeller Mar 2006

The Influence Of National Aid Coordination On The Impact Of Aid Programs, Lene Skrumsager Moeller

Archived Theses and Dissertations

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)1 aim to address the needs of developing countries, and are scheduled to be accomplished by 2015. As the current efforts to meet these commitments2 do not seem to be on track to achieve this, a new international aid agenda has arisen. This agenda is led by development scholars and development entities, which have a belief that aid coordination3 should be the responsibility of the partner countries4. In addition, the agenda emphasizes the importance of donor harmonization5 in response to national strategies and priorities. The proponents of the agenda anticipate that these changes in donor and …

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Building A Consensus Forecast For Crude Oil Prices, Kenneth W. Burke Mar 2006

Building A Consensus Forecast For Crude Oil Prices, Kenneth W. Burke

Theses and Dissertations

Skyrocketing fuel prices have stressed the Department of Defense's budget in recent years. In 2001 the DoD spent $4.7 Billion on fuel with the Air Force consuming $2.7 Billion. These figures have grown over due to these increases as well as the increased flying ours to support the Global War On Terror. In fact, the Fiscal Year 2007 budget has already been increased by $1.1 billion, or 1% of the total budget, to accommodate the increased price of fuel. Current forecasts of this resource have yielded poor results, impairing the DoD's ability to budget this critical expense. Further because the …

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Empirical Models Of Auctions, Susan Athey, Philip A. Haile Mar 2006

Empirical Models Of Auctions, Susan Athey, Philip A. Haile

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Many important economic questions arising in auctions can be answered only with knowledge of the underlying primitive distributions governing bidder demand and information. An active literature has developed aiming to estimate these primitives by exploiting restrictions from economic theory as part of the econometric model used to interpret auction data. We review some highlights of this recent literature, focusing on identification and empirical applications. We describe three insights that underlie much of the recent methodological progress in this area and discuss some of the ways these insights have been extended to richer models allowing more convincing empirical applications. We discuss …

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Imperative Of National Savings: A Case For Adoption Of Appropriate Benchmark Price For Crude Oil., Moses F. Otu Mar 2006

Imperative Of National Savings: A Case For Adoption Of Appropriate Benchmark Price For Crude Oil., Moses F. Otu

Bullion

Budgeting involves the design of plans that aligns expected financial resources and expenditure to accomplish specific national goals and objectives. It is in this regard that this paper provides a simple framework for deriving an acceptable bench-mark price for crude oil for budgeting purposes. This is aimed at enabling the elimination of subjectivity in budgeting process and promote understanding between all the stakeholders in order to fast track the process of passage of the appropriation bill. Following a brief introduction, the paper examines the need for national saving fund and constitutional provisions for national savings. Section three focuses on the …

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Is The Nigerian Curricula In Economics Relevant For The Nigerian Economy Of The 21st Century., J. A. Achilike Mar 2006

Is The Nigerian Curricula In Economics Relevant For The Nigerian Economy Of The 21st Century., J. A. Achilike

Bullion

The loopholes in Nigeria's educational system have created a death of capacity in the Nigerian economy. No nation can develop without qualitative education. The paper examines the relevance of the economics curricula in Nigeria's tertiary institutions in meeting the challenges of the 21st century. It highlights its problems and examines the efforts of National University Commission and Ministry of Education in meeting the challenges of economics education in Nigeria. Finally the study concludes that, the Nigerian Economics curricular is critically under developed and does not follow government economic policies, but if all the recommendations are adopted the Nigerian economics curricula …

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Robust Implementation: The Case Of Direct Mechanisms, Dirk Bergemann, Stephen Morris Mar 2006

Robust Implementation: The Case Of Direct Mechanisms, Dirk Bergemann, Stephen Morris

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A social choice function is robustly implementable if there is a mechanism under which the process of iteratively eliminating strictly dominated messages leads to outcomes that agree with the social choice at every type profile. In an interdependent value environment, we identify a strict contraction property on the preferences which together with strict ex post incentive compatibility and the strict single crossing property is sufficient to guarantee robust implementation in the direct mechanism. The contraction property essentially requires that the interdependence is not too large. In a linear signal model, the contraction property is equivalent to an interdependence matrix having …

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Rank Tests For Instrumental Variables Regression With Weak Instruments, Donald W.K. Andrews, Gustavo Soares Mar 2006

Rank Tests For Instrumental Variables Regression With Weak Instruments, Donald W.K. Andrews, Gustavo Soares

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers tests in an instrumental variables (IVs) regression model with IVs that may be weak. Tests that have near-optimal asymptotic power properties with Gaussian errors for weak and strong IVs have been determined in Andrews, Moreira, and Stock (2006a). In this paper, we seek tests that have near-optimal asymptotic power with Gaussian errors and improved power with non-Gaussian errors relative to existing tests. Tests with such properties are obtained by introducing rank tests that are analogous to the conditional likelihood ratio test of Moreira (2003). We also introduce a rank test that is analogous to the Lagrange multiplier …

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Optimal Pricing With Recommender Systems, Dirk Bergemann, Deran Ozmen Mar 2006

Optimal Pricing With Recommender Systems, Dirk Bergemann, Deran Ozmen

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study optimal pricing in the presence of recommender systems. A recommender system affects the market in two ways: (i) it creates value by reducing product uncertainty for the customers and hence (ii) its recommendations can be offered as add-ons which generate informational externalities. The quality of the recommendation add-on is endogenously determined by sales. We investigate the impact of these factors on the optimal pricing by a seller with a recommender system against a competitive fringe without such a system. If the recommender system is sufficiently effective in reducing uncertainty, then the seller prices otherwise symmetric products differently to …

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Technological Change And U.S. Productivity Growth In The Interwar Years, Alexander J. Field Mar 2006

Technological Change And U.S. Productivity Growth In The Interwar Years, Alexander J. Field

Economics

Manufacturing contributed almost all—83 percent—of the growth of total factor productivity in the U.S. private nonfarm economy between 1919 and 1929. During the depression manufacturing TFP growth was not as uniformly distributed, and only half as rapid, accounting for only 48 percent of PNE TFP growth. Yet the overall growth of the residual between 1929 and 1941 was the highest of any comparable period in the twentieth century. This resulted from the combination of a still potent manufacturing contribution with advances in transportation, public utilities, and distribution, fueled in part by investments in public infrastructure.

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Perspectives On The European Monetary Union: Lessons For The Economic Community Of West African States (Ecowas), J. E. Sagbamah L. Mar 2006

Perspectives On The European Monetary Union: Lessons For The Economic Community Of West African States (Ecowas), J. E. Sagbamah L.

Economic and Financial Review

The attainment of the European Monetary Union (EMU) under the auspices of the European Union (EU) was a product of effective planning and sequencing of programmes. The establishment of political institutions such as the European Council, Assembly, Court of Justice and, particularly, the European Commission provided the general framework and direction for the achievement of the EMU. In addition, specialized institutions such as the Sectoral Commissions, European Monetary Institute (which was later transformed into the European Central Bank) and the European System of Central Banks provided technical support for driving the EMU project. These institutions nurtured and fostered the political, …

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Estimating Heterogeneous Production In Fisheries, Kurt E. Schnier, Christopher M. Anderson, William C. Horrace Mar 2006

Estimating Heterogeneous Production In Fisheries, Kurt E. Schnier, Christopher M. Anderson, William C. Horrace

Economics - All Scholarship

Stochastic production frontier models are used extensively in the agricultural and resource economics literature to estimate production functions and technical efficiency, as well as to guide policy. Traditionally these models assume that each agent’s production can be specified as a representative, homogeneous function. This paper proposes the synthesis of a latent class regression and an agricultural production frontier model to estimate technical efficiency while allowing for the possibility of production heterogeneity. We use this model to estimate a latent class production function and efficiency measures for vessels in the Northeast Atlantic herring fishery. Our results suggest that traditional measures of …

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Life Insurance As A Source Of Long-Term Savings In Nigeria: Regulator's Perspective., O. E. Chukwulozie Mar 2006

Life Insurance As A Source Of Long-Term Savings In Nigeria: Regulator's Perspective., O. E. Chukwulozie

Bullion

Life insurance is an insurance contract in which the insured transfers, and the insurer assumes, the risk of death for a specified period of time. As in other insurance businesses, the insured transfers the risk to the insurer, and receives a life insurance policy, upon payment of a premium. The paper outlines the intrinsic benefits of life insurance, assess its performance in the Nigeria situation and examine what a regulator could do to facilitate its development. The paper reveals that, It was observed that there is an ongoing recapitalisation and consolidation programme which would boost the paid up share capital …

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Nigeria's External Trade And The New Perspectives For Its Enhancement, G. K. Sanni Mar 2006

Nigeria's External Trade And The New Perspectives For Its Enhancement, G. K. Sanni

Bullion

Trade has been universally acknowledged as indispensable tool to rapid economic growth and development. This is because increased participation in trade is associated with higher inflows of foreign investment and new technologies which can be adopted to transform the economy through appropriate policy. This paper analyses Nigeria's foreign trade with a view to examining the composition and direction as well as impediments to the growth of trade, and proffer suggestions for enhancing Nigeria's foreign trade. The paper is divided into five sections. Following the introduction are the theoretical issues. This is followed by the analysis in section three of the …

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Tax Assignment And Revenue Sharing In Nigeria: Challenges And Options, S. C. Rapu Mar 2006

Tax Assignment And Revenue Sharing In Nigeria: Challenges And Options, S. C. Rapu

Economic and Financial Review

This paper build on the history as well as the current legal framework of tax assignment and revenue-sharing in Nigeria to identify the challenges while also drawing from the theoretical framework for policy options which will provide for a stable federal system in Nigeria. The paper recommended among others the strengthening of states internal revenue bases, adjustments on the vertical and horizontal revenue-sharing formula, effective compliance with the allocation of the mandatory 10% of states internally generated revenue. The paper concludes that changes to the existing tax assignment and revenue-sharing arrangements will go a long way in protecting our nascent …

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Broad Money Demand And Financial Liberalization In South Africa: A Review, Abdurrahman Abdullahi Mar 2006

Broad Money Demand And Financial Liberalization In South Africa: A Review, Abdurrahman Abdullahi

Economic and Financial Review

The paper, therefore, tried to study the stability of money demand using different estimation procedures under a financially liberalized economy (South Africa). This was done by developing a fixed-coefficient error-correction model for broad money demand function for the period 1971 to 2000, after which quarterly forecasts were generated for 2001 and 2002, using a varying-parameter regression model.

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Matters Arising From The Introduction Of The Defined Contributory Pension Scheme In Nigeria: A Policy Proposal, J.S. Akuns Mar 2006

Matters Arising From The Introduction Of The Defined Contributory Pension Scheme In Nigeria: A Policy Proposal, J.S. Akuns

Economic and Financial Review

In line with global trends in pension reforms as well as stark domestic realities, Nigeria introduced the operation of the DC pension scheme on 1st July 2004. In this regard, the main thrust of the paper is to examine some salient features of the defined contributory pension scheme and their welfare implications to retirees. An overview of the defined contributory pension scheme is carried out in section 2, while country-specific experiences with the defined contributory pension scheme is reviewed in section 3. Issues of public policy on the defined contributory pension scheme are explored in section 4. Finally, section 5 …

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Subjective And Objective Measures Of Governmental Regulations In Oecd Nations, G. Nicoletti, Frederic L. Pryor Mar 2006

Subjective And Objective Measures Of Governmental Regulations In Oecd Nations, G. Nicoletti, Frederic L. Pryor

Economics Faculty Works

Since government regulations may have an important impact on the macroeconomic performance of market economies, it is necessary to devise quantitative indicators of the regulatory regime, which raises some difficult methodological issues. After reviewing some of these problems, we compare the results of several recent quantitative studies of regulation in OECD nations, some based on an extensive review and quantification of laws and regulations, others based on observational data of those familiar with these regulations. Despite their very different methodologies and coverage of particular types of governmental regulation, the results of the three studies are significantly correlated, which suggests that …

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