Economics Commons^™

Improving Design And Performance Of Group Lending: Suggestions From Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Barbara Mknelly

Economics

We summarize lessons learned by a credit program for women in Burkina Faso. Three observations are made regarding program design: 1) high membership turnover means mutual guarantee groups should be smaller and more central to non-repayment penalties; 2) high turnover in economic activities implies more training in best practices and more variety and experimentation in credit and savings mechanisms; and 3) high degrees of stocking activity suggests the need to develop instruments to mitigate commodity price risk at the individual and program level. Three observations are made regarding program implementation: 1) be more consistent in the treatment of debts of …

Are Investments In Daughters Lower When Daughters Move Away? Evidence From Indonesia, Michael Kevane, David Levine

Economics

In much of the developing world daughters receive lower education and other investments than do their brothers, and may even be so devalued as to suffer differential mortality. Daughter disadvantage may be due in part to social norms that prescribe that daughters move away from their natal family upon marriage, a practice known as virilocality. We evaluate the effects of virilocality on female disadvantage using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. We find little support for the hypothesis. There is no evidence that the overall pattern of rough equality in the treatment of boys and girls in Indonesia masks …

Feminist Tigers And Patriarchal Lions: Rhetorical Strategies And Instrument Effects In The Struggle For Definition And Control Over Development In Nepal, Coralynn V. Davis

Faculty Journal Articles

This article offers an analysis of a struggle for control of a women’s development project in Nepal. The story of this struggle is worth telling, for it is rife with the gender politics and neo-colonial context that underscore much of what goes on in contemporary Nepal. In particular, my analysis helps to unravel some of the powerful discourses, threads of interest, and yet unintended effects inevitable under a regime of development aid. The analysis demonstrates that the employment of already available discursive figures of the imperialist feminist and the patriarchal third world man are central to the rhetorical strategies taken …

Clean Development Mechanism Dan Upaya Reforestasi Di Indonesia, Uswatun Hasanah, Mubariq Ahmad

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

International environmental issue recently plays important role in world economic development and their sustainability.This trans-boundary environmental problem requires a global responsibility, especially for forest well endowed countries like Indonesia to hold main role to support the environmental sustainability.

We apply cost benefit analysis on carbon trade using Clean Mechanism Development to show its significant contribution on green forestry program.

This paper gives us the picture of Indonesia's forestry, the beneficial of forest's project and the finding of global responsibilities to make a better for mankind. Our perspective about the utility of forest is very important to determine the decision we …

Defining Microcredit Success In Bolivia, Kelly Miller

Honors Theses

The structure of this study is as follows: The first chapter describes the origin of microcredit and the three major lending models. This chapter also includes a description of the motivation of the study as well as the methodology used. The second chapter illustrates the changes of development strategies in Bolivia and identifies the motivation behind and significance of each development method. The third chapter discusses the informal sector, which is the targeted population of microcredit. This chapter presents several theories about the development of the informal sector and illustrates how politics shape the informal sector in Bolivia. The fourth …

Effect Of Competitive Balance On Single Game Attendance In Major League Baseball, Thomas V. Richardson

Honors Theses

Many studies have looked at competitive balance in sports. A majority of the competitive balance studies have looked at panel data sets covering multiple years, however. Many of these studies have looked at the distribution of winning percentages within a league over multiple seasons, looking to see if different teams have an ability to rise to the top of the league, or if the same teams always win (Balfour and Porter 1991; Butler 1995; Quirk and Fall 1997). Schmidt and Bern (2001) use the Gini coefficient to measure competitive balance for baseball seasons since 1900. This measure of competitive balance, …

Agglomeration, Labor Supply, And The Urban Rat Race, Stuart S. Rosenthal, William C. Strange

Center for Policy Research

This paper establishes the existence of a previously overlooked relationship between agglomeration and hours worked. Among non-professionals, hours worked decrease with the density of workers in the same occupation. Among professionals, a positive relationship is found. This relationship is twice as strong for the young as for the middle-aged. Moreover, young professional hours worked are shown to be especially sensitive to the presence of rivals. We show that these patterns are consistent with the selection of hard workers into cities and the high productivity of agglomerated labor. The behavior of young professionals is also consistent with the presence of keen …

Entrepreneurship And Economic Growth: The Proof Is In The Productivity, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Chihwa Kao

Center for Policy Research

Popular and policy discussions have focused extensively on "entrepreneurship." While entrepreneurship is often viewed from the perspective of the individual's benefits--an increase in standard of living, flexibility in hours, and so forth--much of the policy interest derives from the presumption that entrepreneurs provide economy-wide benefits in the form of new products, lower prices, innovations, and increased productivity. How large are these effects? Using a rich panel of state-level data, we quantify the relationship between productivity growth--by state and by industry--and entrepreneurship. Specifically, we use state-of-the-art econometric techniques for panel data to determine whether variations in the birth rate and death …

On The Measurment Of Job Risk In Hedonic Wage Models, Dan Black, Thomas J. Kniesner

Center for Policy Research

We examine the incidence, form, and research consequences of measurement error in measure of fatal injury risk in United States workplaces using both BLS and NIOSH data. We find evidence of substantial measurement errors in the fatality risk researchers attach to individual workers when estimating the implicit price of risk and the value of a statistical life. We first examine possible classical attenuation bias in the fatality risk coefficient. However, because we also find non-classical measurement error that differs across multiple risk measures and is not independent of other regressors, more complex statistical procedures than a standard instrumental variables estimator …

Debates With Lavoie 2002-2003, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Shaikh, A. (2002–2003). Handwritten notes titled Debates with Lavoie, discussing the Godley growth equation and the meaning of stock-flow consistency. Unpublished manuscript.
• Lavoie, M. (n.d.). False conclusions from false premises, critiquing Shaikh’s model of investment finance and excess demand, with handwritten annotations. Unpublished manuscript.
• Moudud, J. K. (2002, July 21). False conclusions from false premises: A reply to Lavoie, including an ex-ante Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Unpublished manuscript.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Handwritten notes from a discussion with Tom/Duncan regarding cointegration, the hysteresis effect, and the Kalman filter. Unpublished manuscript.

Local Economic Development Policies, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This chapter seeks to provide useful advice for local government policy towards economic development programs. The chapter: reviews the size and scope of local economic development programs in the United States; critically analyzes the various rationales offered for these programs; makes recommendations for what local policy should do about business attraction and incentives, business retention, new business development, high technology development, brownfield development, distressed neighborhoods, and downtowns; and discusses how local economic development programs should be organized, managed, and evaluated.

Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & Making Of Post-Classical Economics, Sandra J. Peart, David M. Levy

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

The question we propose to address is how did economics move from the classical period characterized by the hardest possible doctrine of initial human homogeneity—all the observed differences among people arise from incentives, luck, and history¹—to become comfortable with accounts of human behavior which alleged foundational differences among and within races of people? (Darity 1995) In this paper, we shall argue that early British eugenics thinkers racialized economics in the post-classical period.²

The Impact Of Immigration On U.S. Trade: A Comparative Study, Janice Yuen Lai Yap

Masters Theses

Immigrants play an important role in affecting bilateral trade. Immigrant links to the home country include knowledge of home country markets, language, preferences, and business contacts.

This paper investigates the link between immigration and trade using United States trade data. It analyzes the original study by Gould and the reduced trading partners' study, compares two different time period, and analyzes the role of new variables in the trade equation. The results of this study are divided into three sections.

The first section of this study which compares Gould's original study to the modified Gould's study reveals that immigrants influence loses …

Possible Contraction And Its Effect On 2002 Major League Baseball Attendance, Peter W. Newberry

Honors Theses

This paper creates three demand equations for baseball attendance to determine the factors that affect spring training and regular season attendance. It also examines what effect the threat of contraction had on the Montreal Expos' and Minnesota Twins' attendance. Cross sectional models using data from the 2002 spring training and regular seasons are estimated and analyzed. A third panel data set model is also formed and examined. Results from the spring training and regular season models indicate that the two teams threatened to be eliminated witnessed lower attendance compared to the rest of the league. The panel data model's results …

Incentives, Institutions, And Development Assistance, Michael Kremer

Clemens Lecture Series

No abstract provided.

Pergerakan Nilai Tukar Dan Pembentukan Ekspektasi Agen, Ayatullah Syafroni, Karyaman Mochtar

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

It is interesting to pay attention on exchage rate phenomenon. The movement of exchange rate has free up space for the expanded model and their new variety based on theoritical and methodological issues.

We apply the zone target model to explain the exchange rate movement in Indonesia during 1989-2002 in monthly basis data. We put special attention to the expectation process of the agent by confronting adaptive and rational expectation and also internalize the risk factor into the model.

We found that rational expectation fit and much more be able to explain the exchange rate movement, risk averse agent and …

Simulasi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Dengan Pendekatan Demometrik, Hedwigis Esti R, Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Labor absorption hardly depends on the economic capacity and in the absence of market imperfection, the labor will be allocated efficiently among sectors. However, the assumption is hardly found in reality, and this give us a space to identify the explanatory variable of labor absorption. This research analyzes the sectoral labor absorption based on J. Ladent model that internalize the demographic variable together with economic variable.

We apply this model to analyze the sectoral labor absorption in Cental Java using annual basis data from 1978-1999, and simulate the sectoral labor absorption under three different scenarios; quo, optimist and pessimist scenario. …

Regionalism Versus Globalism: A View From The Americas, Carlos Manuel Vázquez

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The well-deserved celebration of UNIDROIT'S first seventy-five years focused on a topic that is of particular interest to the Organization of American States and to the organ of the OAS to which the author belongs, the Inter-American Juridical Committee. The topic of the 75th Anniversary Congress--"Worldwide Harmonization of Private Law and Regional Integration"--implicates one of the several dichotomies with which we in the Inter-American system who work on questions of private international law (and international private law) have been grappling in recent years, the problem of regional versus global approaches to the harmonization of private international law (and international private …

An Analysis Of Student Credit Card Debt Determinants And Factors, James Paton

Masters Theses

The Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) derived by Milton Friedman in 1957 states that individuals will base their current consumption on what they consider to be their "normal income." Normal income is derived by the individual's current and expected future income.

Credit cards have become prevalent among college campuses. Credit card issuers seek out students because of market saturation and the idea that students, are generally in independence limbo; still being supported by parents, yet regarded as legal adults.

This study seeks to find if the PIH is valid amongst college students by using student credit card debt as a sort …

Transnational Corporations: Dynamic Structures, Strategies, And Processes, John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Do Asymmetric Terms Of Trade Shocks Affect Private Savings In A Transition Economy?, Abdur Chowdhury

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

This paper examines whether terms of trade shocks have an asymmetric effect on private savings in transition economies. A simple three-period framework is developed to show that, in the presence of binding credit constraints in bad states of nature, savings rates can be sensitive to favorable movements in the permanent component of the terms of trade. This result contrasts with the prediction of the conventional consumption-smoothing model. Empirical analysis with a dynamic panel model further confirms that while favorable movements in the permanent component of the terms of trade have an asymmetric effect on private savings, the magnitude of the …

New Social Movements And The Struggle For Worker’S Rights In The Maquila Industry, Victoria Carty

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

"Campaigns to improve worker’s rights in export processing zones (EPZs), also referred to the maquila industry in Latin America, is an important topic analytically and politically. On theoretical and practical levels, the co-existence of market economies with effective means to ensure adequate working conditions for workers is a critical question. Underlying the issue is a vigorous debate regarding how the global economy should be governed; who or what should govern it, and whose interest is should serve (Faux, 2002)."

Of Legal Transplants, Legal Irritants, And Economic Development, Katharina Pistor, Daniel Berkowitz

Faculty Scholarship

The collapse of the socialist system has given way to unprecedented economic and legal reforms in the former socialist countries. Over the past decade they have enacted new legislation in all areas of the law, drawing heavily on legal models from developed market economies, including common law and civil law countries. While the transplanted laws now on the books is largely consistent with Western practice, the enforcement of these new laws is often ineffective (Berkowitz, Pistor, and Richard, 2003).

What Caused Enron? A Capsule Social And Economic History Of The 1990s, John C. Coffee Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

The sudden explosion of corporate accounting scandals and related financial irregularities that burst over the financial markets between late 2001 and the first half of 2002 e.g., Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Adelphia, and others-raises an obvious question: why now? What explains the sudden concentration of financial scandals at this moment in time? Much commentary has rounded up the usual suspects and blamed the scandals on a decline in business morality, “infectious greed,” and similar subjective trends that cannot be reliably measured.

Empirical Analysis Of Economic Growth, Winford Henderson Masanjala

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

International evidence on growth rates in per capita incomes reveals persistent differences in development patterns among nations, and shows that the world distribution of per capita income is multi-modal with several basins of attraction. This dissertation investigates the factors underlying these international variations in both the level and rate of growth of per capita incomes. The first essay examines whether nonlinearities in the aggregate production function can explain parameter heterogeneity in the Solow (1956) growth regressions. The choice of and alternative specification of the production function is justified by showing that cross-country level regressions are more consistent with the more …

Southwest Center For Research On Poverty_1920, University Of New Mexico Bureau Of Business And Economic Research, Southwest Hispanic Research Institute

BBER Publications

This report narrative outlines the creation of the Southwest Center for Research on Poverty (SWCRP) at the University of New Mexico, an interdisciplinary research center dedicated to studying the causes, persistence, and consequences of poverty in New Mexico and the Southwest. The proposal details research agendas focused on poverty persistence, labor markets, health disparities, public policy, and community-based interventions while emphasizing collaboration among researchers, policymakers, students, and community organizations.

Multivariate Garch Modelling Of Volatility And Comovements In Asia Pacific Markets, Mahendra Chandra

Research outputs pre 2011

This paper examines the correlation estimates for some Asia-Pacific markets equity markets using the DCC-MGARCH, CC-MGARCH and a simple moving average regression based on a sliding window of 100 days. Using daily return series, the equity markets of Australia, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore are analysed for the period 1990 to 2001. Parsimonious specifications for the multivariate GARCH framework are used to shed light on the correlation structure of these markets. The dynamic nature of the correlation between pair-wise countries is captured using the dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH framework and explained. Both global as well as regional factors are …

Is-Lm Model With A General Consumption Tax, Y. H. Cheung

Research outputs pre 2011

OECD tax revenue statistics show that on average the share of consumption tax is almost equal to that of income tax. However, consumption tax hardly attracts any attention from intermediate macroeconomic textbooks, not to mention its inclusion in IS-LM model. This paper compares the IS curves under an income tax regime and a general consumption tax regime. It also examines the trade off between the income tax rate and the consumption tax rate in a dual tax regime.

Some Evidence On The Performance Benchmarking Of Australian Fixed Interest Funds, David E. Allen, Victor Soucik

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we analyse the performance of Australian fixed interest managed funds by examining the relative effectiveness of various indices of bond performance which are combined with various measures of: interest rate fluctuations, economic fundamentals, maturity risk, default risk, and equity market returns, in an attempt to find an ‘optimum’ index. Our dataset is sourced from the Australian fund-rating agency ASSIRT. We show that a correct combination of a bond market variable, a mixture of interest rate factors and economic factors as well as a proxy for movements in the equity markets yield the optimal benchmark.

Some Statistical Models For Durations And Their Applications In Finance, Shelton Peiris, David E. Allen, Wenling Yang

Research outputs pre 2011

This paper considers a new class of time series models called Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) models. Various statistical properties of this class of ACD models are given. A minimum mean square error (mmse) forecast function is obtained as it plays an important role in many practical applications. The theory is illustrated using a potential application based on financial data.