Economics Commons^™

Biotechnology -- Some Implications Of Its Use In Agriculture, Evert Van Der Sluis

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

The American Militia And The Origin Of Conscription: A Reassessment, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Feeling The Heat Of Human Rights Branding: Bringing Transnational Corporations Within The International Human Rights Fence, Robert Mccorquodale

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Human Rights Standards and the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations edited by Michael K. Addo. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. 384pp.

Pursuing Environmental Justice Through The Courts: An Overview Of The Process And Why It Has Failed, Julie Lynne Hershenberg

IPED Technical Reports

This project brought together two issues that dominate policy debates in the southwestern U.S. and especially along the United States – Mexico Border; namely, environmental justice, and legal liabilities associated with adverse environmental actions. Both are major implementation problems. In the southwest the issue becomes more problematic as the two-nations meet face-to-face, and the maquiladora industry continues to expand, creating new burdens on an already stressed environment as a result of industrial practices that have not always meet U.S. environmental standards.

How Do Forecasts Respond To Changes In Monetary Policy?, Laurence Ball, Dean D. Croushore

Economics Faculty Publications

Just as changes in atmospheric conditions affect weather forecasts, changes in monetary policy affect economic forecasts. When monetary policy shifts, forecasters change their predictions about growth and inflation. But does the economy change to the same extent that forecasts do? In this article, Laurence Ball and Dean Croushore examine forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters to determine if forecasts and the economy respond in tandem or if there are significant differences.

Targeting Welfare-To-Work Services Using Statistical Tools, Randall W. Eberts

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Capitalizing On Market Reforms: Facets Of Legal Development In Contemporary China, Stefanie Elbern

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Law and Justice in China’s New Marketplace by Ronald C. Keith and Zhiqiu Lin. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 315pp.

and

Profits and Principles: Global Capitalism and Human Rights in China by Michael A. Santoro. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 256pp.

Higher-Order Improvements Of The Parametric Bootstrap For Markov Processes, Donald W.K. Andrews

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper provides bounds on the errors in coverage probabilities of maximum likelihood-based, percentile- t , parametric bootstrap confidence intervals for Markov time series processes. These bounds show that the parametric bootstrap for Markov time series provides higher-order improvements (over confidence intervals based on first order asymptotics) that are comparable to those obtained by the parametric and nonparametric bootstrap for iid data and are better than those obtained by the block bootstrap for time series. Additional results are given for Wald-based confidence regions. The paper also shows that k -step parametric bootstrap confidence intervals achieve the same higher-order improvements as …

Inflationary Bias In A Simple Stochastic Economy, Ioannis Karatzas, Martin Shubik, William D. Sudderth, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We construct explicit equilibria for strategic market games used to model an economy with fiat money, one nondurable commodity, countably many time- periods, and a continuum of agents. The total production of the commodity is a random variable that fluctuates from period to period. In each period, the agents receive equal endowments of the commodity, and sell them for cash in a market; their spending determines, endogenously, the price of the commodity. All agents have a common utility function, and seek to maximize their expected total discounted utility from consumption. Suppose an outside bank sets an interest rate rho for …

Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market Versus The Housing Market, Karl E. Case, John M. Quigley, Robert J. Shiller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We examine the link between increases in housing wealth, financial wealth, and consumer spending. We rely upon a panel of 14 countries observed annually for various periods during the past 25 years and a panel of U.S. states observed quarterly during the 1980s and 1990s. We impute the aggregate value of owner-occupied housing, the value of financial assets, and measures of aggregate consumption for each of the geographic units over time. We estimate regressions relating consumption to income and wealth measures, finding a statistically significant and rather large effect of housing wealth upon household consumption.

Economic Currents: The State Of The State Economy, Alan Clayton-Matthews

Public Policy and Public Affairs Faculty Publication Series

Aggregate economic activity in Massachusetts during the first half of the year slowed to a halt, with declines in manufacturing offset by continued expansion in the rest of the economy. The Massachusetts economy appears to be weaker than that of the nation and may even have contracted during the second quarter.

Manufacturing Locations In Ohio: Shifts In Employment And Average Earnings Among Central, Suburban And Rural Counties, Robert Sadowski

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Over the past two decades, there is some evidence suggesting that manufacturing jobs have moved away from central counties and into suburban and rural counties.1 In addition, there is an assumption that many of these jobs now pay lower average earnings th

Explicit Versus Implicit Income, Thomas J. Kniesner, James P. Ziliak

Center for Policy Research

By supplementing income explicitly through payments or implicitly through taxes collected, income-based taxes and transfers make disposable income less variable. Because disposable income determines consumption, policies that smooth disposable income also create welfare improving consumption insurance. With data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics we find that annual consumption variation is reduced by almost 20 percent due to explicit and implicit income smoothing. Consumption insurance is as important economically as private health or automobile insurance. Although taxes have become an increasingly important source of consumption insurance, the 2001 income-tax reform legislation should have little effect on implicit consumption insurance.

Review Of The New Geography: How The Digital Revolution Is Reshaping The American Landscape, By Joel Kotkin., Davin Heckman

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

No abstract provided.

Rural Community Economic Leadership By People With Disabilities, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Employment

The lack of employment opportunities for people with disabilities is a major problem according to vocational rehabilitation (VR) service providers, American Indian Section 121 employment programs, and people with disabilities (Arnold, Seekins, & Nelson, 1997). This is particularly true in rural areas where local businesses struggle to create enough quality jobs for community members, including people with disabilities. In the face of this challenge, rural residents with and without disabilities frequently opt to pursue self-employment. Yet, VR and Section 121 programs are often confused about existing business opportunities and their potential for success. There are established procedures to analyze markets …

The State Of The Region: Hampton Roads 2001, James V. Koch, Vinod Agarwal, Rob Baade, John R. Broderick, Michael Clemons, Steve Daniel, Jeffrey Harlow, Wil King, Sharon Lomax, Deborah L. Miller, Jim Oliver, Ken Plum, Wayne Talley, Gilbert Yochum

Economics Faculty Books

This is Old Dominion University's second annual "State of the Region" Report. While it represents the work of many individuals connected in various ways to the university, the Report does not constitute an "official" viewpoint of the University, or it's president, Dr. Roseann Runte.

This year's Report was produced with the goal of making Hampton Roads an even better place to live. Those who know and love the region of Hampton Roads frequently boast of its numerous strengths and successes, but we do so with the understanding that it would be possible for us to improve the region's performance in …

Transgenic Crops And The Environment: Missing Markets And Public Roles, David E. Ervin, Sandra S. Batie

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The rapidity of change has left scant opportunity for investigation of the consequences of adoption of transgenic crops on long-term ecosystem or economic system functioning. Economic theory suggests that, if the "Biotechnology Revolution" is left to market forces alone, there will be neglected public goods. Theory and limited empirical evidence suggests that there are significant incentives for private firms to discount and neglect certain environmental impacts and to develop products that meet mainly the needs of those able and willing to pay. Negative distributional impacts on rural societies and economies will not normally enter the private calculus nor will the …

The Information Technology Industry In The State Of Ohio And Its Regions: 1989 To 2000, Ziona Austrian, Jill Norton

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

This report was prepared for Ohio’s IT Alliance, a statewide network of six regional IT groups located throughout Ohio and headquartered in Dayton. The study was conducted by the Ohio Economic Development Information Network, better known as the ES202 Network. The ES202 Network is a statewide group of ten urban and rural universities that develops and maintains a database of employment, payroll, and establishments at the zip code level throughout Ohio. ES202 Network researchers are engaged in industry and labor force research that utilizes this unique database.

中國銀行在中國經濟及金融改革下的發展, Hiu Kwong Leung

Lingnan Theses

中國是一個發展中國家，同時又處於由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉型的過程，其改革代表著「金融深化」(Financial Deepening) 的發展。本文首先扼要闡釋中國的金融體制改革與金融深化的理據和實況，接著再詳細探討中國銀行在金融及外匯改革之下其業務的特徵及轉變。

在中國金融改革的過程中，中國銀行的管理體制及其營運方式與中國政府的經濟政策依然保持著一定的「轉型期」關係。這明顯反映於中國銀行的資產負債結構和其營運效率指標之上，如盈利率與資本充足率等。經過二十多年的改革，中國銀行仍然未能完全擺脫政府的融資計劃的影響；在發展商業業務的同時仍然或多或少地執行著政府的政策性業務；基本上仍扮演著一個「發展銀行」 (Development Bank) 的角色和功能。

純粹從微觀經濟的角度來分析，中國銀行的這種「雙重」性格，難免在一定的程度上削弱了其風險、流動性和盈利性管理的能力和意識，並減低其經營效率和整體實力。這種矛盾明顯可見於大陸的中國銀行總行及香港分行兩者間的差異。大陸中國銀行的這些弱點在中國加入世界貿易組織之後，因為外資銀行的競爭與挑戰將更形突出。這將帶動政府對整個銀行體制進行進一步商業化[的改革與調整，包括銀行資產重組及利率自由化等措施。

Overhauling The Wto: Opportunity At Doha And Beyond, John Audley, Ann Florini

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The world's trade ministers, who will meet at a WTOministerial in November 2001 in Doha, Qatar, are wrong to think that only a newround of negotiations will save the much-maligned international trade system.Carnegie senior associates John Audley and Ann M. Florini argue that theyshould, instead, simultaneously tackle internal and external reform of the WTOto make it a truly equitable institution. Internally, industrial countries muststart treating developing countries as equal partners in making the rules thatgovern global trade, and where necessary provide technical assistance to makethat equality possible. Externally, to satisfy legitimate public demands,members should improve the transparency of WTO proceedings …

Determination Of The Impact Of A Human Capital Decision Cost Model On The Economic Performance Measures Of A Technical Services Company, Jeffery A. Temple

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Human Capital has a major impact on cash flow management decisions in a Technical Services company. Decisions to hire or terminate employees to meet contract requirements affect the company's economic value. The objective of this research is to develop a model that assists management in establishing a starting point in making, as efficiently as possible, those decisions that impact employees' lives. To understand that impact, the operations and economic parameters of a Technical Services company are compared with those of a manufacturing company. This analysis establishes two · essential points for Technical Services organizations; first, that the capital investment decision …

Risk Sharing Through Social Security Retirement Income Systems: A Comparison Of Canada And The United States, John A. Turner

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Laborious Law, Bas De Gaay Fortman

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Inaugural Address at Utrecht University, on the occasion of accepting the Chair in Political Economy of Human Rights 21 MAY 2001

St. Joseph County Benchmarking Study, George A. Erickcek, Brad R. Watts

Reports

No abstract provided.

Financing Legal Education, Marilyn Yarbrough

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Balance Of Payments In El Paso: Fiscal Federalism From 1995-2000, Christine Thurlow Brenner, Elizabeth Dalton, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Institutional Alternatives For The Promotion Of Microfinance: Self-Help Groups In India, P. Satish

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Microfinance is now an accepted institutional framework for taking financial services to the poor. It is but natural that microfinance should have had tremendous growth in India--the home to the largest concentration of poor. In India the microfinance technology that had a relatively higher growth in the last decade is the self-help group (SHG). This lays stress on thrift as well as credit and also on the linkage between informal groups and formal financial institutions. An important sine qua non in this technology is the institution that promotes the SHGs. In India, SHGs have been promoted by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), …

Book Review: Mainstreaming Microfinance By Elisabeth Rhyne, Monte L. Lynn

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Building Better Lives: Sustainable Integration Of Microfinance And Education In Child Survival, Reproductive Health, And Hiv/Aids Prevention For The Poorest Entrepreneurs, Christopher Dunford

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper provides diverse examples of microfinance institutions that have responded successfully to the challenge of integrating microfinance with nonfinancial services, without compromising the impacts or sustainability of their microfinance and overall operations. Special attention is given to the integration of microfinance with health education for very poor women, including the promotion of family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention management. The credit and education components reinforce each other by addressing the informational as well as the economic obstacles to health and nutrition. There is good potential for large-scale, self-financing delivery of microfinance and education together in one efficient and effective service …

Seven Aspects Of Loan Size, Mark Schreiner

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Attempts to measure the depth of outreach in microfinance usually start--and often end--with loan size. But just what is loan size? This paper discusses seven aspects of loan size, each of which affects not only depth of outreach but also profitability. The seven aspects are: term to maturity, dollars disbursed, average balance, dollars per installment, time between installments, number of installments, and "dollar-years of borrowed resources." This paper defines the seven aspects, explains why each one matters, and gives examples of their measurement with data from three Latin American microfinance organizations.