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1996

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Articles 61 - 90 of 404

Full-Text Articles in Economics

South Dakota Nd United States Farming: Some General Comparisons, Department Of Economics Sep 1996

South Dakota Nd United States Farming: Some General Comparisons, Department Of Economics

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

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An Ambitious Agenda For Economic Growth, Murray L. Weidenbaum Sep 1996

An Ambitious Agenda For Economic Growth, Murray L. Weidenbaum

Murray Weidenbaum Publications

An extensive array of expenditure, tax, and regulatory reforms could help in shifting the American economy to a sustainable higher growth path. Carrying out needed changes requires more than developing attractive new programs; it also means making a continuous stream of hard choices.

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Exchange And Optimality, S. Ghosal, Heracles M. Polemarchakis Sep 1996

Exchange And Optimality, S. Ghosal, Heracles M. Polemarchakis

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A feasible social state is irreducible if and only if, for any non-trivial partition of individuals with two groups, there exists another feasible social state at which every individual in the first group is equally well-off and someone strictly better-off. Competitive equilibria decentralize irreducible Pareto optimal social states

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Price Variations In A Stock Market With Many Agents, Per Bak, Maya Paczuski, Martin Shubik Sep 1996

Price Variations In A Stock Market With Many Agents, Per Bak, Maya Paczuski, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Large variations in stock prices happen with sufficient frequency to raise doubts about existing models, which all fail to account for non-Gaussian statistics. We construct simple models of a stock market, and argue that the large variations may be due to a crowd effect, where agents imitate each other’s behavior. The variations over different time scales can be related to each other in a systematic way, similar to the Lévy stable distribution proposed by Mandelbrot to describe real market indices. In the simplest, least realistic case, exact results for the statistics of the variations are derived by mapping onto a …

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Efficiency Gains From Quasi-Differencing Under Nonstationarity, Peter C.B. Phillips, Chin Chin Lee Sep 1996

Efficiency Gains From Quasi-Differencing Under Nonstationarity, Peter C.B. Phillips, Chin Chin Lee

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A famous theorem on trend removal by OLS regression (usually attributed to Grenander and Rosenblatt, 1957) gave conditions for the asymptotic equivalence of GLS and OLS in deterministic trend extraction. When a time series has trend components that are stochastically nonstationary, this asymptotic equivalence no longer holds. We consider models with integrated and near-integrated error processes where this asymptotic equivalence breaks down. In such models, the advantages of GLS can be achieved through quasi-differencing and we give an asymptotic theory of the relative gains that occur in deterministic trend extraction in such cases. Some differences between models with and without …

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Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn Sep 1996

Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The netjlow of foreign private investment into the Nigerian economy in 1994 reduced drastically to N3,907.2 million from N32,994.4 million recorded in the preceding year. The sharp decline was attributable to the unstable business environment which resulted from political agitation and labour unrest during the review period. Contributions of all the investment flow components fell, especially changes in foreign share capital and trade and suppliers credit facilities which plummeted to N429. 5 million and N214.8 mil/ion.from N5,0ll.4 and N17,803.l million recorded in the preceding year, respectively. While investments of all the other regions declined, investment flows.from companies of Asian origin …

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Money Supply, Inflation And The Nigerian Economy, Paul A. Ogwuma Sep 1996

Money Supply, Inflation And The Nigerian Economy, Paul A. Ogwuma

Bullion

Experience in many countries, including Nigeria, show that fiscal policies, in particular, intended primarily to stimulate output growth and enhance real income often end up as a major source of financial imbalances and macro-economic instability. The accompanying high inflation has critical allocative and distributional implications that can be detrimental to the growth process. It is against this background that, this short paper attempts, to identify the relationship between monetary growth and inflationary developments in Nigeria and the implications for economic growth. Following this Introduction, Thus, the challenge of maintaining monetary stability has often been a difficult one, the world over, …

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Direct Payment Of Taxes Through Designated Banks., Mallam I. Usman Sep 1996

Direct Payment Of Taxes Through Designated Banks., Mallam I. Usman

Bullion

This paper examine the Federal Government policy on direct payment system of tax through designated Nigerian Banks. The main objective of the scheme is to improve the administration of taxation in Nigeria by making it more convenient to tax payers in terms of time saving, reducing the incidence of fraud which has, over the years, depraved Government of needed revenues, minimizing the risk of carrying cash, providing transparency and -improved accountability, and of course, enhancing revenue yield substantially.

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Research And Economic Policy In The Nigerian Public Sector., Ojo M. O. Sep 1996

Research And Economic Policy In The Nigerian Public Sector., Ojo M. O.

Bullion

The paper examines the role of research for economic policy management in the Nigerian public sector. The subject is treated comprehensively for the information of participants. It further discusses some conceptual issues, the policy framework for economic management, appraisal of policy research in the public sector, the observed problems in national policy research and some proposals for improvement.

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Efficient Administration Of Credit For Small Scale Industrial Development., C. M. Anyanwu Sep 1996

Efficient Administration Of Credit For Small Scale Industrial Development., C. M. Anyanwu

Bullion

Industrial development involves the development of a technical arrangement that moves an economy from the traditional method of production to a more complex system of mass manufacture of a variety of goods and services involving technology and management techniques. Industrialization tends to propel growth and quicken the achievement of structural transformation and diversification of economies. It enables a country to utilize fully its factor endowments and depend less on the external sector for its growth and sustenance. Through industrialization, an economy gains the versatility and resilience that enable it to raise the standard of living of its people and cope …

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Problems And Prospects In Agricultural Financing In Nigeria Under Economic Deregulation., Odu Paul C. Sep 1996

Problems And Prospects In Agricultural Financing In Nigeria Under Economic Deregulation., Odu Paul C.

Bullion

The paper focus on the government economic deregulation in Nigeria in 1986 which was discussed in sections. Section I of the paper reviews the trends in the agricultural finance sector before and during SAP. The perspectives of agricultural lending under deregulation is discussed ln section II. Section III analyses the formal and informal credit to agriculture, and section IV reviews the policy implications/solutions of deregulation under agricultural financing, while section V concludes the paper.

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The State Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Performance, Problems And Outstanding Issues, M. O. Ojo, B. S. Adebusuyi Sep 1996

The State Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Performance, Problems And Outstanding Issues, M. O. Ojo, B. S. Adebusuyi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines developments in the Nigerian petroleum industry in view of its prominent role in the economy and notes outstanding issues and other relevant policy implications. The paper also discusses the industry's organizational and operational structure and assesses its performance in terms of production, local consumption and exports of crude oil and refined products as well as oil revenue. Major findings are that although the sub-sector continues to account for the bulk of federally-collected revenue, the growth in crude oil output, average crude export volume as well as refined petroleum products consumption have been declining, while the performance of …

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The Performance And Future Of Mandatory Allocation Of Credit To Selected Sectors In The Nigerian Economy, J. A. Babalola, F. O. Odoko Sep 1996

The Performance And Future Of Mandatory Allocation Of Credit To Selected Sectors In The Nigerian Economy, J. A. Babalola, F. O. Odoko

Economic and Financial Review

The paper examines the performance and likely future trend of mandatory credit allocation to selected sectors of the Nigerian economy. The result reveals that during both the pre-SAP and the SAP years, performance was below target. In terms of future mandatory a/location of credit by banks, the paper notes that instead of 'prescribing the total amount by which banks can expand credit, discretion should he given to banks to allow market forces to determine the allocation.

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Export Processing Zone Programmes: Lessons For Nigeria From Other Countries, E. B. Hogan, E. A. Onwioduokit Sep 1996

Export Processing Zone Programmes: Lessons For Nigeria From Other Countries, E. B. Hogan, E. A. Onwioduokit

Economic and Financial Review

The monumental success of the export-oriented South-East Asian countries has engendered a shift in emphasis among other developing countries towards export oriented development strategy in recent times. This paper examines the export processing programmes in Nigeria, drawing from the experiences of other countries where the programme is operational. The analysis confirms that the nature and extent of incentives available in Nigeria's EPZ scheme compares favourably with those provided by similar schemes elsewhere. However, the same cannot be said of infrastructural facilities such as roads, railways and communication. The need for improvement in these facilities is emphasized. Also, security, which is …

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Monetary Policy And Commercial Bank's Performance In Nigeria: Some Theoretical And Empirical Extensions, Michael O. Nyong Sep 1996

Monetary Policy And Commercial Bank's Performance In Nigeria: Some Theoretical And Empirical Extensions, Michael O. Nyong

Economic and Financial Review

This study provides richer insights into the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria using more indicators and more refined methodologies. It sheds more light on the critical factors responsible for differential performance among the banks. The high levels of profitability declared by banks in the light of their high levels of under-capitalization imply excessive risk-taking which is incompatible with prudent banking behaviour. We also found that the size of banks exert a positive and statistically significant effect on their performance. The result suggests that the promotion of large banks may be in the interest of maintaining a safe and sound …

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Catherine Bonser-Neal. "Does Central Bank Intervention Stabilize Foreign Exchange Rates? Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank Of Kansas City, Vol. 81, No. 1, First Quarter 1996 (14pp), Peter I. Nwaoba Sep 1996

Catherine Bonser-Neal. "Does Central Bank Intervention Stabilize Foreign Exchange Rates? Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank Of Kansas City, Vol. 81, No. 1, First Quarter 1996 (14pp), Peter I. Nwaoba

Economic and Financial Review

The paper tried to establish whether central bank intervention could reduce exchange rate volatility by stopping speculative attacks against a currency. The author's concern centered on the fact that exchange rate volatility has increased since the adoption of flexible exchange rate system in 1973 and the subsequent interventions by most central banks. She observed that many European countries have intervened in foreign exchange markets when deemed necessary to reduce volatility and possibly keep exchange rates within a band around a target rate. But opinions still differ on whether these interventions could stabilize exchange rates. The paper, therefore, sought to present …

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Ashwani Saith. The Rural Non-Farm Economy: Processes And Policies (Geneva, Ilo) 1993., S. O. Etafo Sep 1996

Ashwani Saith. The Rural Non-Farm Economy: Processes And Policies (Geneva, Ilo) 1993., S. O. Etafo

Economic and Financial Review

The study examines the likely impact of rural, non-farm economy (RNFE) growth on rural inequalities and agrarian differentiation processes; possible demand constraints; and the success or failure of specially targeted rural, non-farm programmes (for example, Graneen Bank in Bangladesh, the People's Commune in pre-1978 rural China and IRDP interventions in India). The author establishes economic conditions and institutional environment that would enable the RNFE to grow, with a decisive impact on rural poverty. The study, intended to be a precursor to a full-length study of the rural, non-farm economy (RNFE) in developing economies, runs into five chapters. Chapter 1 is …

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The Impact Of Changes In Geographic Mobility On The Wages Of The Military Family Between 1985 And 1992, Barry M. Krauss Sep 1996

The Impact Of Changes In Geographic Mobility On The Wages Of The Military Family Between 1985 And 1992, Barry M. Krauss

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine what changes in the geographic mobility of the military family took place between 1985 and 1992, and this mobility's subsequent impact on the labor force participation of the military spouse, and the real wages of military family members. The study showed that mobility was significantly lower for military personnel and their spouses in 1992 than it was in 1985, the labor force participation and real wages for military spouses were greater in 1992 than they were in 1985, and real wages for military personnel declined between 1985 and 1992. A sensitivity analysis …

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A Model For Successful Reutilization Of A Military Installation: A Case Study Of Gentile Air Force Station, Maria L. Garcia Sep 1996

A Model For Successful Reutilization Of A Military Installation: A Case Study Of Gentile Air Force Station, Maria L. Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

Previous research concerning base closure and reutilization focused on the roles of government agencies and the assistance they provided. This study looks at the community and the impact of installation closure. The process of planning for reuse of an installation is difficult and confusing. The guidance provided by the government has changed drastically since the first closures announced in the 1988 Base Realignment and Closure Committee recommendations. This study focuses on the strategy employed by Kettering, OH to successfully reuse Gentile AFS upon closure. As the final part in a longitudinal study, the research focus was lessons learned and implementation …

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New Mexico Labor Market Review 08-31-1996, New Mexico Department Of Labor Aug 1996

New Mexico Labor Market Review 08-31-1996, New Mexico Department Of Labor

Historic Publications

The New Mexico Labor Market Review is a monthly publication presenting statistical data and analysis on labor market conditions throughout New Mexico. Issues examine statewide and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labor force estimates, industry activity, wages, occupational demand, and related economic conditions, often accompanied by feature articles on topics affecting the state’s economy. This issue covers July 1996.

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Crop Condition Index, Crop Progress Reports; Livestock Situation And Outlook, Alan May, Gene Murra Aug 1996

Crop Condition Index, Crop Progress Reports; Livestock Situation And Outlook, Alan May, Gene Murra

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

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Reforming Key Institutions, Ishrat Husain Dr Aug 1996

Reforming Key Institutions, Ishrat Husain Dr

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

Most of the discussion and debate on economic issues in the media has largely been focused on budgetary deficits, rate of inflation, size of cotton crop, fluctuations in level of exports, changes in foreign exchange reserves, etc.

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Estimated Inflation Costs Had European Unemployment Been Reduced In The 1980s By Macro Prices, Ray C. Fair Aug 1996

Estimated Inflation Costs Had European Unemployment Been Reduced In The 1980s By Macro Prices, Ray C. Fair

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper uses a multicountry econometric model to estimate what the inflation costs would have been if macropolicies had reduced European unemployment in the 1982:1-1990:4 period. A “non-NAIRU” framework is proposed for thinking about these costs.

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Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos Aug 1996

Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The existence of Nash and Walras equilibrium is proved via Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem, without recourse to Kakutani’s Fixed Point Theorem for correspondences. The domain of the Walras fixed point map is confined to the price simplex, even when there is production and weakly quasi-convex preferences. The key idea is to replace optimization with “satisficing improvement,” i.e., to replace the Maximum Principle with the “Satisficing Principle.”

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The Limiting Behavior Of Kernel Estimates Of The Lyapunov Exponent For Stochastic Time Series, Yoon-Jae Whang, Oliver B. Linton Aug 1996

The Limiting Behavior Of Kernel Estimates Of The Lyapunov Exponent For Stochastic Time Series, Yoon-Jae Whang, Oliver B. Linton

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper derives the asymptotic distribution of a smoothing-based estimator of the Lyapunov exponent for a stochastic time series under two general scenarios. In the first case, we are able to establish root-T consistency and asymptotic normality, while in the second case, which is more relevant for chaotic processes, we are only able to establish asymptotic normality at a slower rate of convergence. We provide consistent confidence intervals for both cases. We apply our procedures to simulated data.

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Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos Aug 1996

Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The existence of Nash and Walras equilibrium is proved via Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem, without recourse to Kakutani’s Fixed Point Theorem for correspondences. The domain of the Walras fixed point map is confined to the price simplex, even when there is production and weakly quasi-concave preferences. The key idea is to replace optimization with “satisficing improvement,” i.e., to replace the Maximum Principle with the “Satisficing Principle.”

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Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos Aug 1996

Nash And Walras Equilibrium Via Brouwer, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The existence of Nash and Walras equilibrium is proved via Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem, without recourse to Kakutani’s Fixed Point Theorem for correspondences. The domain of the Walras fixed point map is confined to the price simplex, even when there is production and weakly quasi-convex preferences. The key idea is to replace optimization with “satisficing improvement,” i.e., to replace the Maximum Principle with the “Satisficing Principle.”

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Recounting Winners And Losers In The 1980s: A Critique Of Income Distribution Measurement Methodology, Richard V. Burkhauser, Amy D. Crews, Mary C. Daly Aug 1996

Recounting Winners And Losers In The 1980s: A Critique Of Income Distribution Measurement Methodology, Richard V. Burkhauser, Amy D. Crews, Mary C. Daly

Center for Policy Research

The 1980s have been characterized as a time when the “rich got richer and the poor got poorer.” Using a cross-over point methodology used in several recent studies, we show how sensitive the measurement of winners and losers can be to seemingly small differences in methodological practice. Specifically, we show sensitivity to the years compared, the income sharing unit chosen, and the inflation index used. Our results show that these and other studies of economic well-being exaggerate losses by mixing cyclical with cross-cycle effects

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New Mexico Labor Market Review 07-31-1996, New Mexico Department Of Labor Jul 1996

New Mexico Labor Market Review 07-31-1996, New Mexico Department Of Labor

Historic Publications

The New Mexico Labor Market Review is a monthly publication presenting statistical data and analysis on labor market conditions throughout New Mexico. Issues examine statewide and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labor force estimates, industry activity, wages, occupational demand, and related economic conditions, often accompanied by feature articles on topics affecting the state’s economy. This issue covers June 1996.

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National Economic Development Planning: Review Of Nigeria's Performance And Future Prospect, A. P. Awoseyila Jul 1996

National Economic Development Planning: Review Of Nigeria's Performance And Future Prospect, A. P. Awoseyila

CBN Occasional Papers

This paper took a global view of development planning as operational tool for rapid economic growth and social advancement. It reviewed Nigeria's planning experience which achieved varied degrees of successes especially in the areas of education, social and economic infrastructure. It also noted that achievement levels for all the successive plans were generally below expectations. In order to improve on plan performance and turn the economy around, the paper suggested, the need for quickening the process of preparation and launching of a perspective plan for the country; setting up of central planning agencies at the State and. Local Government levels …

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