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Articles 91 - 120 of 321
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Shifting Frontiers Economic Consequences Of The Polish Partitions, Andrew J. Fox
Shifting Frontiers Economic Consequences Of The Polish Partitions, Andrew J. Fox
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis uses spatial regression discontinuity design to examine the impacts of historical border changes on economic development in modern Poland. Positive effects on institutions and infrastructure are found in the Austro-Hungarian zone of the Polish partition, while the Prussian zone suffer negative consequences due to 20th-century destruction and post-war expulsions.
Two Essays On Credit Risk Correlation, Theophilus Teye Osah
Two Essays On Credit Risk Correlation, Theophilus Teye Osah
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation comprises two essays on credit risk correlation. In the first essay, we provide robust empirical evidence that lenders charge higher loan spreads to borrowers with higher credit risk correlation. This effect is concentrated in investment grade firms, driven by tightening lending conditions, and more pronounced for firms with higher rollover risk. Furthermore, banks whose borrowers have higher average credit risk correlation, have greater default risk themselves. In the second paper, we find that a trading strategy that buys high- and sells low-credit risk correlation stocks generates significant risk-adjusted expected return of about 121 bps per annum. Cross-sectional regressions …
Revisiting The Exchange Rate Pass- Through To Domestic Prices In Egypt, Ahmed Abdelhamid
Revisiting The Exchange Rate Pass- Through To Domestic Prices In Egypt, Ahmed Abdelhamid
Theses and Dissertations
Exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) refers to the extent to which the movements in the exchange rate influence domestic prices. This study revisits the exchange rate pass-through in Egypt using quarter data from 2006 to 2022. The study employs a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model to estimate the degree of ERPT. The findings suggest that ERPT in Egypt is incomplete, meaning that changes in the exchange rate do not fully pass through to consumer prices. The study also investigates the role of the money supply in absorbing the shocks in the nominal exchange rate. The study has important implications for policymakers …
Self-Employment Industry Selection: An Evaluation Of Wealth And Demographics On Industry Choice In The U.S., Samuel Ramirez
Self-Employment Industry Selection: An Evaluation Of Wealth And Demographics On Industry Choice In The U.S., Samuel Ramirez
Theses and Dissertations
This paper evaluates the impact of financial resources and demographics on industry choice by self-employed business owners. I use a multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of having a business in a particular industry. The results suggest that entry into industries are hampered by financial constraints and social barriers.
Does Low-Income Housing Change Neighborhoods? Evidence From The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program, Maria Dikler
Does Low-Income Housing Change Neighborhoods? Evidence From The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program, Maria Dikler
Theses and Dissertations
This paper examines how LIHTC developments affect a census tract's characteristics. The results indicate that tracts with LIHTC developments have increased education, poverty, diversity, renters, and multi-family buildings. These tracts also have decreased household incomes and rents. However, the study reveals no significant effects on labor force participation or employment.
The Effect Of Google Fiber On Incumbents' Average Broadband Speed, Erick J. Solis
The Effect Of Google Fiber On Incumbents' Average Broadband Speed, Erick J. Solis
Theses and Dissertations
Broadband speeds have important effects on firms and households. Using data from the FCC ``Form 477" database, the Census Planning database, and Google's solicitation to communities interested in high-speed internet (Google Fiber RFI), I estimate the effect of Google Fiber rollout on internet download speeds offered by incumbent firms to consumers. I implement a difference-in-difference approach using census Metropolitan Statistical Areas as my definition of a broadband market. My approach captures both the direct and spillover effects of Google Fiber rollout. My findings show that average incumbents’ speed is 20 percent higher in markets where Google Fiber entered; the results …
Heterogeneous Effects In The Prospects Of Upward Mobility Hypothesis: The Roles Of Risk And Political Beliefs., Nathaniel Badalov
Heterogeneous Effects In The Prospects Of Upward Mobility Hypothesis: The Roles Of Risk And Political Beliefs., Nathaniel Badalov
Theses and Dissertations
I test for heterogenous effects in the Prospects of Upward Mobility (POUM) hypothesis framework. This framework suggests that individuals who are poorer than average but expect to become richer than average support less redistribution. Using a survey of households in primarily transition economies - Life in Transition Survey (LiTS2) and ordered logistic regression, I test whether the POUM effect is influenced by the riskiness of the individual's environment or political beliefs. The results suggest that the POUM effect holds independent of the riskiness of the environment but is conditional on political beliefs. The prospects of upward mobility decrease redistributive support …
Stock Splits And Corporate Peer Effects, Albert J. Saad
Stock Splits And Corporate Peer Effects, Albert J. Saad
Theses and Dissertations
We find that a company’s decision to execute a stock split is affected by the number of stock splits carried out by its peers. Through the use of a broad peer group construction methodology, we also reveal the presence of asymmetric effects with regard to companies of different market capitalization size. In the periods of 1983–1996 and 1997–2009 we find that firms are more likely to split their stock if more of their peers have recently done so. However, in the period of 2010–2019 we see that the opposite is true. These results provide further evidence on social learning from …
The Effects Of Lower Speed Limits On Fatalities And Serious Injuries, Naufa Nuha
The Effects Of Lower Speed Limits On Fatalities And Serious Injuries, Naufa Nuha
Theses and Dissertations
Responding to concerns about road safety, New York City passed a law called Vision Zero in 2014 that progressively decreased all local road speed limits to 25 miles per hour. This was in an effort to increase road safety from collisions. Starting a year prior to Vision Zero, the city started lowering speed limits in certain high-risk roads. I use data on accidents from New York City Open Data to examine the effect of reducing speed limits in Manhattan. The analysis exploits the implementation of lower speed limits on some roads prior to 2014 that provides a quasi-experimental design. Estimates …
Lobbying – A Financial Perspective, Sean Byrne
Lobbying – A Financial Perspective, Sean Byrne
Theses and Dissertations
U.S. based bank holding companies (BHCs) exert influence at every step in the legislative process where financial regulatory reforms are enacted into law, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, to promulgation of regulations. In Chapter II, we maintain that BHCs, upon facing salient regulation, lobby regulators to have their opinions heard with the goal of favorable regulatory change and to increase non-traditional revenues. We undertook a novel collection of political and financial data from 2003 to 2018, matching 180 pairs of parsed proposed and final regulations. BHCs that participated in commenting on proposed rules are highly successful at having their views …
Macroeconomic Determinants Of Stock Market Development In Sample African Economies, Ehab Ayoub
Macroeconomic Determinants Of Stock Market Development In Sample African Economies, Ehab Ayoub
Theses and Dissertations
This research paper studies the relationship between macroeconomic determinants as independent variables and different measures of stock market development as dependent variables across selected emerging economies in Africa for the period of 2002 to 2021, with a quarterly frequency using time series analysis. The independent variables used are Core Inflation, Deposit Rate, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), FX Rate against USD, Domestic Credit, Gross Domestic Product (Real GDP), Exports, Imports, External Debt, and Foreign Reserves. We use these variables as our main determinants of measuring economic growth. With regards to stock market development, we use four proxy measures as our benchmark, …
Analysis Of The Economic Impact Of A Green Bank In South Carolina, Eric Luther Baxley
Analysis Of The Economic Impact Of A Green Bank In South Carolina, Eric Luther Baxley
Theses and Dissertations
Green banks are an innovative financial tool for climate-conscious economic development. Green banks sustainably facilitate the expansion of renewable energy and disaster-resistant infrastructure by strategically allocating and growing an initial endowment of funds. This paper explores how a hypothetical green bank could operate in South Carolina and models the potential economic impacts a green bank could have on the state’s economy.
On Income Inequality And Poverty In Egypt: Is Prosperity Immoral?, Mohamed Karim Lotfy Abdelkhalek
On Income Inequality And Poverty In Egypt: Is Prosperity Immoral?, Mohamed Karim Lotfy Abdelkhalek
Theses and Dissertations
There are varying perspectives on, and divergent solutions to, the phenomena of income inequality and poverty. There seems to be polarizing views on both of these sensitive topics. One side of the argument believes income inequality should in itself be mitigated through redistribution measures, while the other argues that this should not be the focus of policy makers, as it deters them from facing the more pressing issue facing society – which is absolute poverty. The relationship between income inequality, poverty, and citizen well-being in Egypt is one that warrants further research, and this paper aims to fill this lacuna. …
The Effects Of The Social Security Amendments Of 1983 On Employment Status, Alcohol Consumption, And Depression, Adam J. Delgenio
The Effects Of The Social Security Amendments Of 1983 On Employment Status, Alcohol Consumption, And Depression, Adam J. Delgenio
Theses and Dissertations
Nearly four decades ago, Congress passed the Social Security Amendments of 1983. The changes were significant, and they pressured people to delay retirement. In this thesis, I use individual-level data from the Annual and Social Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and the Health Retirement Study to analyze the effects of the amendments. The amendments affect individuals at the same age, but across different years. Year of birth determines treatment by the amendments. I control for year of birth and age effects in a difference-in-difference model and interact treatment with age to identify the effects of the amendments on …
Effects Of The Raising The Minimum Legal Purchasing Age For Tobacco On Cigarette, Cocaine And Inhalant Consumption, Ahmed Adil
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past few years, several states have passed laws that increase the minimum legal purchasing age (MLPA) for tobacco from 18 to 21 years. This study examines the impact of statewide MLPA laws on youth tobacco consumption. Using data from the 2009-2019 Youth Risky Behavior Surveys (YRBS) and a difference-in-differences approach, I find that the enactment of MLPA laws is associated with a decrease in tobacco usage among adolescents. I also find that MLPA laws have important spillover effects to other youth risky behaviors. MLPA law adoption is associated with a reduction in cocaine use and inhalant abuse.
An Econometric Model Of The Us Government Yield Curve Levels And Dynamics, Katerina Yiasoumi
An Econometric Model Of The Us Government Yield Curve Levels And Dynamics, Katerina Yiasoumi
Theses and Dissertations
The yield curve is the graph of the relationship of the nominal yield to maturity (ytm) on bonds of a similar asset class to different bond maturities at a point in time. Yield curves exist for every sector of the fixed income asset class, e.g., corporate, municipal, emerging markets, high yield, etc. not only for the United States, but for all bond markets worldwide. This research uses graphical techniques, descriptive statistics, correlation, as well as linear and non-linear regression to model each of nine treasury bills, notes, and bond ytms along the US Government bond maturity spectrum. The result is …
Fairness Doesn't Have To Be Egalitarian: Evidence From Bargaining Games, Kevin Wong
Fairness Doesn't Have To Be Egalitarian: Evidence From Bargaining Games, Kevin Wong
Theses and Dissertations
I develop a theoretical model and provide experimental evidence that social norms of fairness play a critical role in determining equilibrium outcomes in bargaining games.
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Employment Characteristics, Eliana Shatkin
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Employment Characteristics, Eliana Shatkin
Theses and Dissertations
The following study examines ways in which COVID-19 has disrupted the United States labor market. My findings present disproportionately negative effects of COVID-19 on employment, labor force participation, worker absence, and weekly working hours for the female population in my sample, as well as veterans, disabled persons, and racial minorities.
The Effects Of Trauma And Statelessness On Refugee Employment Outcomes, Seth Hershberger
The Effects Of Trauma And Statelessness On Refugee Employment Outcomes, Seth Hershberger
Theses and Dissertations
An empirical study, this paper examines the relationship of pre-resettlement refugee characteristics on their respective economic outcomes post-resettlement. In particular, it places special focus on the correlation that a refugee’s level of trauma and duration of statelessness, or time spent in a temporary country of asylum, have with that refugee’s real wages, probability of being employed at 180 days post-resettlement, and duration of initial unemployment in the country of final resettlement. Through the development of three sets of models, this paper finds a quadratic relationship between the length of a refugee’s statelessness and real wages post-resettlement, where increases in duration …
U.S. Financial Literacy: Does Urban-Rural Residency Matter?, Mckenzie Leanne Carvalho
U.S. Financial Literacy: Does Urban-Rural Residency Matter?, Mckenzie Leanne Carvalho
Theses and Dissertations
Financial illiteracy broadly affects people’s financial and economic well-being. The purpose of this thesis is to identify how the magnitudes of financial literacy determinants change under different residency settings. A county-level calculation of financial literacy is created, and logit and negative binomial regressions are employed to compare the relationship between demographic variables and financial literacy in metro/non-metro and urban/rural counties. Data on individual’s financial knowledge and personal characteristics is obtained from the FINRA National Financial Capability Study. Urban and rural residency is determined using USDA ERS Rural-Urban Continuum Codes and the Index of Relative Rurality. These results provide an improved …
Universal Basic Income And The Alaska Permanent Fund: Impact On Labor Outcomes And Skill Composition, Michele Cafasso
Universal Basic Income And The Alaska Permanent Fund: Impact On Labor Outcomes And Skill Composition, Michele Cafasso
Theses and Dissertations
To analyze the effects of universal basic income on labor supply and human capital, I estimate the effects of Alaska’s Permanent Fund on employment, hours worked, and skills using data from the Current Population Survey and O*NET. My method combines synthetic control and difference-in-differences regressions.
How Federal Pollution Discharge Permits Affect U.S. Water Quality: A Study On Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Cloe C. Mueller
How Federal Pollution Discharge Permits Affect U.S. Water Quality: A Study On Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Cloe C. Mueller
Theses and Dissertations
This paper uses difference-in-difference regression models to examine how state-level pollution discharge permits on concentrated animal feeding operations affect U.S. water quality. I ultimately deem the permitting to be ineffective at improving water quality, calling attention to the need to re-evaluate the ``socially optimal level of pollution."
The Impacts Of Ownership And Covid-19 On Firm Performance-Three Essays, Jian Xu
The Impacts Of Ownership And Covid-19 On Firm Performance-Three Essays, Jian Xu
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation consists of three essays on finance of ownership and COVID-19. In the first essay, we investigate the effect of residual state ownership, foreign ownership, and the interaction between the two on firms' financing patterns. we find that neither firms with residual state ownership only nor firms with foreign ownership only are positively related with external finance. In comparison, firms with both state and foreign ownerships are associated with higher external finance. The increased external finance for firms with both state and foreign ownerships mainly comes from private banks and new equity. Moreover, we explore the channels through which …
Inflation Variations In Egypt: An Asymmetrical Analysis Of Pass-Through Effects, Yassmina Rashad Helmi Abouelhassan
Inflation Variations In Egypt: An Asymmetrical Analysis Of Pass-Through Effects, Yassmina Rashad Helmi Abouelhassan
Theses and Dissertations
Inflation variations has become an issue that impedes efficient resource allocation and inclusive growth in Egypt. High inflationary pressures negatively affect standards of living, poverty alleviation and finally markets’ efficiency. For the past decade, Research on the causes of inflation in emerging markets has been closely linked to exchange rates pass-through (ERPT). This is due to its perceived impacts on import prices and terms of trade shocks, which lead to a pass-through effect to domestic inflation. This research aims to contribute to the literature by investigating ERPT in Egypt with a nonlinear Autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL). Recent research on …
Education-Occupation Mismatch Among University Graduates In Egypt: Determinants And Consequences, Nouran Elkhouly
Education-Occupation Mismatch Among University Graduates In Egypt: Determinants And Consequences, Nouran Elkhouly
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reviews the literature on the education-occupation mismatch. The thesis focuses on Egyptian university graduates and postgraduates in 2018. It studies the determinants of the education-occupation mismatch, and its effect on earnings and workers’ job satisfaction using the 2018 wave of the Egyptian Labor Market Survey (ELMPS). Ordinary least squares (OLS) and probit models were used to investigate the determinants of the education-occupation mismatch, and an OLS and a two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions were estimated with the use of the father’s education and father’s employment status as instrumental variables to determine the effect of the mismatch on labors’ …
Labor Transitions Between Formal And Informal Employment In Egypt, Alaa Mahmoud Al-Barrawi
Labor Transitions Between Formal And Informal Employment In Egypt, Alaa Mahmoud Al-Barrawi
Theses and Dissertations
Informal employment is the hallmark of developing economies. Egypt is no exception to this trend. Those who are informally employed are exceptionally vulnerable as they lack social protection. Moreover, large informal sectors are symptomatic of underdevelopment and have negative repercussions on the economy. Few studies examine the determinants of labor market transitions in Egypt with a focus on transitions between formal and informal labor market states. This study focuses on determinants of labor market transitions in Egypt, relying on the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2012 and 2018. It develops four multinomial logistic regression models to achieve this goal. …
Three Essays In Behavioral Economics, Foteini Tzachrista
Three Essays In Behavioral Economics, Foteini Tzachrista
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation includes three essays on behavioral economics with applications in health, strategic thinking, and labor.In the first essay titled ``The Effect of Nudging on the Utilization of Counseling Services and the Implications on College Student Involvement'', I examine the effect of nudging on the utilization of mental health services and the impact on college student involvement. To improve the utilization of mental health services for college students I designed and implemented an intervention promoting a pro-counseling social norm on campus. More specifically I sent campus-wide emails to inform students of the mental health services offered on campus. Randomly selected …
International Financial Assistance And Inequality In Emerging Markets: Colombia, Egypt And Turkey, Sara Farag
International Financial Assistance And Inequality In Emerging Markets: Colombia, Egypt And Turkey, Sara Farag
Theses and Dissertations
This research study investigates the effects of the three main pillars of structural adjustment policies imbedded in IFI funding facilities on income inequality in three specific cases; Colombia, Egypt and Turkey to uncover if income inequality present in those emerging markets is attributed to; the policy reforms conditionality or to pre-existent country features. The three main pillars of policy conditions discussed in this thesis are 1. Government Expenditure Reforms, 2. External Sector Reforms, and 3. Financial Sector Reforms. My hypothesis is that, although pre-existent country features may have had an impact on the levels of inequality a populace faces, the …
The Shirt Of Nessus: International Debt As A Tool Of Hegemonic Control, Omar Hamed Ghannam
The Shirt Of Nessus: International Debt As A Tool Of Hegemonic Control, Omar Hamed Ghannam
Theses and Dissertations
International debt has been a fixture of the global economy and state financing for centuries. The economic logic of accruing international debt and its management is rarely questioned in the literature, even as sovereign debt crises abound. These crises offer a point of examination, re-assessment, and negotiations concerning allocating the burdens. This paper aims to study these debt crises to interrogate the issue of international debt, the depoliticized economic mantras that govern it, their validity, sincerity, and the political and social implications on the indebted polity. This is done by looking at the origins of debt crises, and examining how …
An Exploratory Analysis Of Time Series Econometric Data For Retention Forecasting Using Deep Learning, John C. O'Donnell
An Exploratory Analysis Of Time Series Econometric Data For Retention Forecasting Using Deep Learning, John C. O'Donnell
Theses and Dissertations
Officer retention in the Air Force has been researched many times in an attempt to better predict the personnel needs of the Air Force for the future. There has been previous work done in regards to specific AFSCs and how their retention compares to specific yet similar private sector jobs. This study considers different econometric time series statistics as a feature space and an average Air Force officer separation rate as the response variable for the multivariate time series analysis deep learning techniques. The econometric indicators used in this study are New Business Formations, New Durable Good Orders, and the …