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Articles 361 - 390 of 1733
Full-Text Articles in Economics
The Potential Impacts Of Covid-19 On The Global Value Chains: Gvc Positioning And Linkages, Gerald Foong, Pao-Li Chang
The Potential Impacts Of Covid-19 On The Global Value Chains: Gvc Positioning And Linkages, Gerald Foong, Pao-Li Chang
Research Collection School Of Economics
Apart from the public health crisis entailed by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has also propagated a pandemic-induced economic shock globally. One transmission channel is via the inter-country linkages arising from the trade in intermediate inputs, which is a pertinent characteristic of global value chains (GVCs), and resulting in a "supply-chain contagion" as termed by Baldwin and Tomiura (2020). In this paper, we propose measures of bilteral downstreamness and upstreamness, the extent of a country's GVC participation, and the position of a country in GVCs by leveraging upon the gross export decomposition framework as laid out by Borin …
Housing Equity And Household Consumption In Retirement: Evidence From The Singapore Life Panel©, Lipeng Chen, Liang Jiang, Sock Yong Phang, Jun Yu
Housing Equity And Household Consumption In Retirement: Evidence From The Singapore Life Panel©, Lipeng Chen, Liang Jiang, Sock Yong Phang, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
Housing affordability for elderly homeowners involves an entirely different set of issues as compared to housing affordability for first-time homeowners. To afford to ‘age-in-place’ may require homeowners to access channels that enable them to withdraw their housing equity to finance consumption in retirement. We utilize data from the Singapore Life Panel© survey to empirically investigate the impact of housing equity on the consumption of elderly households. Based on panel analysis, we find housing equity value has no significant impact on non-durable consumption for elderly people. The conclusion holds for a battery of robustness checks. Moreover, heterogeneity analyses based on subsamples …
Persistent And Rough Volatility, Xiaobin Liu, Shuping Shi, Jun Yu
Persistent And Rough Volatility, Xiaobin Liu, Shuping Shi, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper contributes to an ongoing debate on volatility dynamics. We introduce a discrete-time fractional stochastic volatility (FSV) model based on the fractional Gaussian noise. The new model has the same limit as the fractional integrated stochastic volatility (FISV) model under the in-fill asymptotic scheme. We study the theoretical properties of both models and introduce a memory signature plot for a model-free initial assessment. A simulated maximum likelihood (SML) method, which maximizes the time-domain log-likelihoods obtained by the importance sampling technique, is employed to estimate the model parameters. Simulation studies suggest that the SML method can accurately estimate both models. …
Robust Virtual Implementation With Almost Complete Information, Takashi Kunimoto
Robust Virtual Implementation With Almost Complete Information, Takashi Kunimoto
Research Collection School Of Economics
Artemov, Kunimoto, and Serrano (2013a,b, henceforth, AKS) study a mechanism design problem where arbitrary restrictions are placed on the set of first-order beliefs of agents. Calling these restrictions Δ, they adopt Δ-rationalizability (Battigalli and Siniscalchi, 2003) and show that Δ-incentive compatibility and Δ-measurability are necessary and sufficient conditions for robust virtual implementation, which implies that virtual implementation is possible uniformly over all type spaces consistent with Δ-restrictions. By appropriately defining Δ in order to restrict attention to complete information environments and thereafter explicitly modelling the assumption of complete information in the language of type spaces, I re-establish the permissive implementation …
A Ricardian Rationale For The Wto Rules On R&D Subsidies, Yumi Koh, Gea M. Lee
A Ricardian Rationale For The Wto Rules On R&D Subsidies, Yumi Koh, Gea M. Lee
Research Collection School Of Economics
The WTO subsidy rules use two key criteria, specificity and adverse effects, to regulate R&D subsidies. Using the model of Dornbusch et al. (1977), we offer a Ricardian rationale for the regulatory criteria.
A Taxonomy Of Non-Dictatorial Domains, Shurojit Chatterji, Huaxia Zeng
A Taxonomy Of Non-Dictatorial Domains, Shurojit Chatterji, Huaxia Zeng
Research Collection School Of Economics
We provide an exhaustive classification of all preference domains that allow the design of unanimous social choice functions (henceforth, rules) that are non-dictatorial and strategy-proof. This taxonomy is based on a richness assumption and employs a simple property of two-voter rules called invariance. The preference domains that form the classification are semi-single-peaked domains (introduced by Chatterji et al. (2013)) and semi-hybrid domains (introduced here) which are two appropriate weakenings of the single-peaked domains, and which, more importantly, are shown to allow strategy-proof rules to depend on non-peak information of voters’ preferences. As a refinement of the classification, single-peaked domains and …
Does Early Access To Pension Wealth Improve Health?, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
Does Early Access To Pension Wealth Improve Health?, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh
Research Collection School Of Economics
We examine the health impacts of early access to public pension wealth by exploiting a unique policy in Singapore allowing individuals to withdraw a proportion of their pension savings after their 55th birthday. For the identification, we employ a regression discontinuity design by comparing individuals before and after their 55th birthday. To address anticipated and lagged health impacts, we adopt the donut regression discontinuity approach. Using nationally representative monthly panel data, we find that early access to pension wealth improves self‐reported overall health.
Forecasting Large Covariance Matrix With High-Frequency Data: A Factor Approach For The Correlation Matrix, Yingjie Dong, Yiu Kuen Tse
Forecasting Large Covariance Matrix With High-Frequency Data: A Factor Approach For The Correlation Matrix, Yingjie Dong, Yiu Kuen Tse
Research Collection School Of Economics
We apply the factor approach to the correlation matrix to forecast large covariance matrix of asset returns using high-frequency data, using the principal component method to model the underlying latent factors of the correlation matrix. The realized variances are separately forecasted using the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model. The forecasted variances and correlations are then combined to forecast large covariance matrix. Our proposed method is found to perform better in reporting smaller forecast errors than some selected competitors. Empirical application to a portfolio of 100 NYSE and NASDAQ stocks shows that our method provides lower out-of-sample realized variance in selecting global minimum …
Interim Rationalizable Implementation Of Functions, Takashi Kunimoto, Rene Saran, Roberto Serrano
Interim Rationalizable Implementation Of Functions, Takashi Kunimoto, Rene Saran, Roberto Serrano
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper investigates rationalizable implementation of social choice functions (SCFs) in incomplete information environments. We identify weak interim rationalizable monotonicity (weak IRM) as a novel condition and show that weak IRM is a necessary and almost sufficient condition for rationalizable implementation. We show by means of an example that interim rationalizable monotonicity (IRM), found in the literature, is strictly stronger than weak IRM as its name suggests, and that IRM is not necessary for rationalizable implementation, as had been previously claimed. The same example also demonstrates that Bayesian monotonicity, the key condition for full Bayesian implementation, is not necessary for …
Between Lives And Economy: Optimal Covid-19 Containment Policy In Open Economies, Wen-Tai Hsu, Hsuan-Chih Luke Lin, Yang Han
Between Lives And Economy: Optimal Covid-19 Containment Policy In Open Economies, Wen-Tai Hsu, Hsuan-Chih Luke Lin, Yang Han
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper studies optimal containment policy for combating a pandemic in an open-economy context. It does so via quantitative analyses using a model that incorporates a standard epidemiological compartmental model in a multi-country, multi-sector Ricardian model of international trade with full-fledged input-output linkages. We devise a novel approach in computing optimal national policies in the long run, and contrast these policies with a baseline in which countries maintain their current policies until vaccine availability. The welfare gains under optimal policies are asymmetric as the gains for the set of countries which should tighten up the containment measures are much larger …
Unconditional Quantile Regression With High-Dimensional Data, Yuya Sasaki, Takuya Ura, Yichong Zhang
Unconditional Quantile Regression With High-Dimensional Data, Yuya Sasaki, Takuya Ura, Yichong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Economics
Credible counterfactual analysis requires high-dimensional controls. This paper considers estimation and inference for heterogeneous counterfactual effects with high-dimensional data. We propose a novel doubly robust score for double/debiased estimation and inference for the unconditional quantile regression (Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux, 2009) as a measure of heterogeneous counterfactual marginal effects. We propose a multiplier bootstrap inference for the Lasso double/debiased estimator, and develop asymptotic theories to guarantee that the bootstrap works. Simulation studies support our theories. Applying the proposed method to Job Corps survey data, we find that i) marginal effects of counterfactually extending the duration of the exposure to the …
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.
Universal Minimum Wage Is Not Suitable For Singapore, Zhengxiao Wu
Universal Minimum Wage Is Not Suitable For Singapore, Zhengxiao Wu
Research Collection School Of Economics
In a commentary, SMU Senior Lecturer of Statistics Wu Zhengxiao examined the concept of a universal minimum wage, and discussed how it is not suitable for Singapore.
Spending Impact Of Covid-19 Stimulus Payments: Evidence From Card Transaction Data In South Korea, Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Wonjun Lyou
Spending Impact Of Covid-19 Stimulus Payments: Evidence From Card Transaction Data In South Korea, Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Wonjun Lyou
Research Collection School Of Economics
Various countries have implemented transfer programs to individuals since the Covid-19 outbreaks. However, the extent to which such transfers alleviate economic recessions is unclear. This paper analyzes a South Korean program, which provided vouchers redeemable only at small local businesses. We find that, due to the program, over 30% of households across all income groups increased their food and overall household spending, but the usage restriction may have affected consumer choice, distorting business competition. While the employment and sales of small businesses improved, the program’s fiscal sustainability is in question because of the large tax exemption.
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.
Order On Types Based On Monotone Comparative Statics, Takashi Kunimoto, Takuro Yamashita
Order On Types Based On Monotone Comparative Statics, Takashi Kunimoto, Takuro Yamashita
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper introduces a novel concept of orders on types by which the so-called monotone comparative statics is valid in all supermodular games with incomplete information. We fully characterize this order in terms of what we call common optimism, providing a sense in which our order has a sharp epistemic interpretation. We say that type ti′ is higher than type ti in the order of the common optimism if ti′ is more optimistic about state than ti; ti′ is more optimistic that all players are more optimistic about state than ti; and so on, ad infinitum. First, we show that …
Maximum Likelihood Estimation For The Fractional Vasicek Model, Katsuto Tanaka, Weilin Xiao, Jun Yu
Maximum Likelihood Estimation For The Fractional Vasicek Model, Katsuto Tanaka, Weilin Xiao, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper estimates the drift parameters in the fractional Vasicek model from a continuous record of observations via maximum likelihood (ML). The asymptotic theory for the ML estimates (MLE) is established in the stationary case, the explosive case, and the boundary case for the entire range of the Hurst parameter, providing a complete treatment of asymptotic analysis. It is shown that changing the sign of the persistence parameter changes the asymptotic theory for the MLE, including the rate of convergence and the limiting distribution. It is also found that the asymptotic theory depends on the value of the Hurst parameter.
Estimation Of Conditional Average Treatment Effects With High-Dimensional Data, Qingliang Fan, Yu-Chin Hsu, Robert P. Lieli, Yichong Zhang
Estimation Of Conditional Average Treatment Effects With High-Dimensional Data, Qingliang Fan, Yu-Chin Hsu, Robert P. Lieli, Yichong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Economics
Given the unconfoundedness assumption, we propose new nonparametric estimators for the reduced dimensional conditional average treatment effect (CATE) function. In the first stage, the nuisance functions necessary for identifying CATE are estimated by machine learning methods, allowing the number of covariates to be comparable to or larger than the sample size. This is a key feature since identification is generally more credible if the full vector of conditioning variables, including possible transformations, is high-dimensional. The second stage consists of a low-dimensional kernel regression, reducing CATE to a function of the covariate(s) of interest. We consider two variants of the estimator …
Capital Controls And Macro-Prudential Housing Policies In Small Open Economies, Taojun Xie, Guay C. Lim, Hwee Kwan Chow
Capital Controls And Macro-Prudential Housing Policies In Small Open Economies, Taojun Xie, Guay C. Lim, Hwee Kwan Chow
Research Collection School Of Economics
We evaluate the effects of capital controls and macro-prudential policies in small open economies with a housing sector that is open to foreign ownership. The work is motivated by concerns that foreign investments also respond to housing investment opportunities resulting in potential house price inflation and issues about housing affordability. Our dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model features housing as an internationally traded investment. We also consider macro-prudential policies that are combinations of monetary and fiscal instruments. We investigate whether foreign investments in the housing markets are de-stabilising and whether there are appropriate policy responses to mitigate the negative effects of …
Providing Child Care, Christine Ho, Sunha Myong
Providing Child Care, Christine Ho, Sunha Myong
Research Collection School Of Economics
Women’s economic empowerment has been hailed as one of the most remarkable revolutions in the past 50 years (Dunlop, 2010). Access to affordable childcare is one of the key determinants of fertility and maternal employment, with grandparents and governments often stepping up to provide much needed support to families. This chapter proposes a synthesis of the state of knowledge on child care and discusses policy relevant issues applicable to the Singapore context. Selected policies are documented and lessons from the international landscape are discussed. The chapter discusses how child care costs may affect fertility and maternal labour supply in Section …
Covid-19, Lockdown, And The Dynamics Of Subjective Well-Being, Terence C. Cheng, Kim, Kanghyock Koh
Covid-19, Lockdown, And The Dynamics Of Subjective Well-Being, Terence C. Cheng, Kim, Kanghyock Koh
Research Collection School Of Economics
We provide novel evidence on how the COVID-19 global health and economic crisis is affecting overall life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction using data from a monthly longitudinal survey of middle-aged and older Singaporeans. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we document large declines in overall life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak, except satisfaction with health. These declines coincide with the introduction of a nationwide lockdown, with life satisfaction remaining below its pre-pandemic levels even after the lockdown is lifted. We also find that individuals who report a drop in household income during the COVID-19 outbreak experience a decline in …
Activation Of Trpa1 Nociceptor Promotes Systemic Adult Mammalian Skin Regeneration, Jenny J. Wei, Hali S. Kim, Casey A. Spencer, Donna Brennan-Crispi, Ying Zheng, Nicolette M. Johnson, Misha Rosenbach, Christopher Miller, Denis H. Y. Leung, George Cotsarelis, Thomas H. Leung
Activation Of Trpa1 Nociceptor Promotes Systemic Adult Mammalian Skin Regeneration, Jenny J. Wei, Hali S. Kim, Casey A. Spencer, Donna Brennan-Crispi, Ying Zheng, Nicolette M. Johnson, Misha Rosenbach, Christopher Miller, Denis H. Y. Leung, George Cotsarelis, Thomas H. Leung
Research Collection School Of Economics
Adult mammalian wounds, with rare exception, heal with fibrotic scars that severely disrupt tissue architecture and function. Regenerative medicine seeks methods to avoid scar formation and restore the original tissue structures. We show in three adult mouse models that pharmacologic activation of the nociceptor TRPA1 on cutaneous sensory neurons reduces scar formation and can also promote tissue regeneration. Local activation of TRPA1 induces tissue regeneration on distant untreated areas of injury, demonstrating a systemic effect. Activated TRPA1 stimulates local production of interleukin-23 (IL-23) by dermal dendritic cells, leading to activation of circulating dermal IL-17–producing γδ T cells. Genetic ablation of …
Job Duration And Match Characteristics Over The Business Cycle, Ismail Baydur, Toshihiko Mukoyama
Job Duration And Match Characteristics Over The Business Cycle, Ismail Baydur, Toshihiko Mukoyama
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper studies the cyclical behavior of job separation and the characteristics of matches between workers and jobs. We estimate a proportional hazard model with competing risks, distinguishing between different types of separations. A higher unemployment rate at the start of an employment relationship increases the probability of job-to-job transitions, whereas its effect on employment-to-unemployment transitions is negative. We then build a simple job ladder model to interpret our empirical results. A model with two-dimensional heterogeneity in match (job) characteristics has the same qualitative features as the data. Once the model is extended to include cyclicality in the offered match …
Forecasting Singapore Gdp Using The Spf Data, Tian Xie, Jun Yu
Forecasting Singapore Gdp Using The Spf Data, Tian Xie, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
In this article, we use econometric methods, machine learning methods, and a hybrid method to forecast the GDP growth rate in Singapore based on the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). We compare the performance of these methods with the sample median used by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). It is shown that the relationship between the actual GDP growth rates and the forecasts from individual professionals is highly nonlinear and non-additive, making it hard for all linear methods and the sample median to perform well. It is found that the hybrid method performs the best, reducing the mean squared …
Redundancy Insurance Is Not Unemployment Insurance, Zhengxiao Wu
Redundancy Insurance Is Not Unemployment Insurance, Zhengxiao Wu
Research Collection School Of Economics
In a commentary, SMU Senior Lecturer of Statistics Wu Zhengxiao discussed the difference between redundancy insurance and unemployment insurance. He shared Japan's example, where the cost for unemployment insurance is higher than redundancy insurance, and added that being an unprecedented policy, more care should be taken when implementing it.
In-Fill Asymptotic Theory For Structural Break Point In Autoregressions, Liang Jiang, Xiaohu Wang, Jun Yu
In-Fill Asymptotic Theory For Structural Break Point In Autoregressions, Liang Jiang, Xiaohu Wang, Jun Yu
Research Collection School Of Economics
This article obtains the exact distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of structural break point in the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process when a continuous record is available. The exact distribution is asymmetric, tri-modal, dependent on the initial condition. These three properties are also found in the finite sample distribution of the least squares (LS) estimator of structural break point in autoregressive (AR) models. Motivated by these observations, the article then develops an in-fill asymptotic theory for the LS estimator of structural break point in the AR(1) coefficient. The in-fill asymptotic distribution is also asymmetric, tri-modal, dependent on the initial condition, and delivers …
Evaluating Human Versus Machine Learning Performance In Classifying Research Abstracts, Yeow Chong Goh, Xin Qing Cai, Walter Theseira, Giovanni Ko, Khiam Aik Khor
Evaluating Human Versus Machine Learning Performance In Classifying Research Abstracts, Yeow Chong Goh, Xin Qing Cai, Walter Theseira, Giovanni Ko, Khiam Aik Khor
Research Collection School Of Economics
We study whether humans or machine learning (ML) classification models are better at classifying scientific research abstracts according to a fixed set of discipline groups. We recruit both undergraduate and postgraduate assistants for this task in separate stages, and compare their performance against the support vectors machine ML algorithm at classifying European Research Council Starting Grant project abstracts to their actual evaluation panels, which are organised by discipline groups. On average, ML is more accurate than human classifiers, across a variety of training and test datasets, and across evaluation panels. ML classifiers trained on different training sets are also more …
Globalization And Top Income Shares, Lin Ma, Dimitrije Ruzic
Globalization And Top Income Shares, Lin Ma, Dimitrije Ruzic
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper documents empirically that access to global markets is associated with a higher executive-to-worker pay ratio within the firm. It then uses China's 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization as a trade shock to show that firms that exported to China prior to 2001 subsequently exported more, grew larger, and grew more unequal in terms of executive-to-worker pay. To evaluate analytically and quantitatively the impacts of globalization on top income inequality, this paper builds a model with heterogeneous firms, occupational choice, and executive compensation. In the model, executive compensation grows with the size of the firm, while the …
Realized Semicovariances, Tim Bollerslev, Jia Li, Andrew J. Patton, Rogier Quaedvlieg
Realized Semicovariances, Tim Bollerslev, Jia Li, Andrew J. Patton, Rogier Quaedvlieg
Research Collection School Of Economics
We propose a decomposition of the realized covariance matrix into components based on the signs of the underlying high-frequency returns, and we derive the asymptotic properties of the resulting realized semicovariance measures as the sampling interval goes to zero. The first-order asymptotic results highlight how the same-sign and mixed-sign components load differently on economic information related to stochastic correlation and jumps. The second-order asymptotic results reveal the structure underlying the same-sign semicovariances, as manifested in the form of co-drifting and dynamic “leverage” effects. In line with this anatomy, we use data on a large cross-section of individual stocks to empirically …
Two Suggestions To Wp Mp Jamus Lim, Zhengxiao Wu
Two Suggestions To Wp Mp Jamus Lim, Zhengxiao Wu
Research Collection School Of Economics
In a commentary, SMU Senior Lecturer of Statistics Wu Zhengxiao discussed the arguments presented by Workers’ Party’s candidate Associate Professor Jamus Lim during the live broadcast of a political debate, and put forth two suggestions for Assoc Prof Lim.