Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Business (210)
- Finance (105)
- Growth and Development (82)
- Macroeconomics (46)
- Agricultural and Resource Economics (29)
-
- International Economics (20)
- Public Economics (20)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (13)
- Agriculture (12)
- Econometrics (12)
- Life Sciences (12)
- Finance and Financial Management (11)
- Food Security (11)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (11)
- Real Estate (11)
- Statistics and Probability (11)
- Categorical Data Analysis (10)
- Environmental Policy (9)
- Sociology (9)
- Demography, Population, and Ecology (8)
- Industrial Organization (8)
- Economic Policy (7)
- Development Studies (6)
- Labor Economics (6)
- Rural Sociology (6)
- Food Processing (5)
- Food Science (5)
- Food Studies (4)
- Keyword
-
- Nigeria (234)
- Agriculture (39)
- Housing (27)
- Housing Finance (26)
- Mortgage Finance (26)
-
- Economy (24)
- Monetary policy (22)
- Money (22)
- Central Bank of Nigeria (21)
- Monetary Policy (21)
- Central Banking (18)
- Commercial Banking (16)
- Economic Growth (16)
- International Trade (16)
- Money Supply (16)
- Electricity (15)
- Finance (15)
- International Liquidity (15)
- Second Quarter (15)
- Consumer Prices (14)
- Economic growth (14)
- Inflation (14)
- Production (14)
- Currency in Circulation (13)
- Economic development (13)
- Flow of Funds (13)
- Minerals (13)
- National Savings (13)
- Nigeria. (13)
- Public Debt (13)
- Publication Year
Articles 331 - 360 of 542
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Goodwill Address By Dr. M. O. Ojo, M. O. Ojo Dr.
Goodwill Address By Dr. M. O. Ojo, M. O. Ojo Dr.
Economic and Financial Review
This is a Goodwill Address presented at the opening ceremony of the in-house seminar on reviving Nigeria's non-oil sector for economic development for CBN executive staff in Jos, on September 2 - 5, 1997.
Welcome Address By Chief M. O. Onunkwor, M. O. Onunkwor
Welcome Address By Chief M. O. Onunkwor, M. O. Onunkwor
Economic and Financial Review
This is the Welcome Address presented at the 5th Edition of Executiv Policy Seminar being organised by the Research and Personnel Department, Central Bank of Nigeria. The opening ceremony of in-house seminar was themed "Reviving Nigeria's Non-oil sector for Economic Development" for CBN executive staff.
An Overview Of The Non-Oil Sector Of The Nigerian Economy, D. O. Ajakaiye
An Overview Of The Non-Oil Sector Of The Nigerian Economy, D. O. Ajakaiye
Economic and Financial Review
An overview of the non-oil sector aimed at illuminating the extent to which the economic base has been diversified since the commencement of the SAP should focus on pertinent issues such as the structure and growth of exports, the structure and growth of the production activities. The structure and growth of exports are examined followed by the structure and growth of production activities encompassing structure and growth of value added and final demands as well as the pattern of intersectoral linkages.
Appraisal Of Past And Present Policy Measures For Reviving Nigeria's Non-Oil Sector And Policy Implications For The Future, A. P. Awoseyila
Appraisal Of Past And Present Policy Measures For Reviving Nigeria's Non-Oil Sector And Policy Implications For The Future, A. P. Awoseyila
Economic and Financial Review
The objective of this paper is to review the major non-oil sector policy measures from I 960 to date, appraise them in the context of growth in output; and to put on record the implications for future policy direction. The rest of the paper is organized into three Sections. Section II reviews the major policy measures (past and present). The focus of the section is the articulation of policies and strategies adopted to diversify the productive base and stimulate growth of the non-oil sector. Section III appraises the effectiveness of the measures as well as their shortcomings, while Section IV …
The Need For Exchange Rates Convergence In Nigeria, P. J. Obaseki
The Need For Exchange Rates Convergence In Nigeria, P. J. Obaseki
Economic and Financial Review
This paper examined the relevance of exchange rates convergence in the context of a realistic exchange rate and the implementation of a successful Economic Adjustment Programme, with particular reference to external sector competitiveness and viability. The paper was unambiguous in respect of the superiority of convergence over other schemes ranging from multiple to a dual exchange rate system. A unified exchange rate system, resulting from a free interplay of market forces, eliminates waste arising from subsidies and inefficient allocation of foreign exchange. A unified rate also reduces rent-seeking behaviours that flourish under a dual or multiple exchange rate system. After …
Strategy For Growth-Led Poverty Alleviation In Nigeria, A. S. F. Atoloye
Strategy For Growth-Led Poverty Alleviation In Nigeria, A. S. F. Atoloye
Economic and Financial Review
The economic growth process of a country is determined by a number of factors among which is technological change. Increased output/performance permitted by this goes a long way in alleviating poverty. Rapid and sustained economic growth utilizing a new industrial strategy calls for proficient use of the natural advantages of modern infrastructures which further serves as a poverty-reducing strategy. The author states that the most credible option by which the poor can receive a fair share of the benefits of development is by subjecting the economy to the full discipline and rigours of market forces for a poverty-reducing growth. Governments …
Public Sector Growth: An Econometric Test Of Wagner's Law, E. A. Essien
Public Sector Growth: An Econometric Test Of Wagner's Law, E. A. Essien
Economic and Financial Review
This study makes use of recent developments in econometric technique to test Wagner s Law of increased state activity according to which Government Expenditure must increase at a rate faster than National Output. It makes use of three different interpretations of the Law, namely, increasing relative share for the public sector in the total economy as per capita real income grows, total government expenditure as a function of real income, and relating per capita total government expenditure to per capita income. In all cases the variables were not cointegrated hence a long run equilibrium relationship could not be established between …
Measurement Issues In Poverty, A. Englama, A. Bamidele
Measurement Issues In Poverty, A. Englama, A. Bamidele
Economic and Financial Review
The paper defines poverty as certain disabilities such as the inability to participate with dignity in society. It also demonstrates that in measuring poverty, emphasis should not be mainly on income or consumption, hut that cognizance should be taken of social, economic and basic infrastructures as well as environmental factors. The paper farther mentions some inherent problems in measuring poverty such as conceptual and data problems. Once these problems are overcome, a simple head count could provide an insight into poverty measurement. J11e depth and severity of poverty can be determined by the P-Index which captures the number of the …
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1995, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
The net flow of foreign private investment into the Nigerian economy increased substantitally by more than twelve-folds from "M1, 907. 2 million in 1994 to N48, 677. 0 million in 1995, reflecting the stable macro-economic conditions during the period. All the components of foreign investment flows contributed to the increase with the contribution of unremitted profit accounting for the highest. Analyses of the investment flows showed that companies of Western Europe accounted for 78. 7 per cent of the total net inflow mainly through firms in the mining and quarrying sector. The survey revealed that the cumulative level of foreign …
Mobilizing Rural Savings In Papua New Guinea: Myths, Realities, And Needed Policy Reform (N.A. Fernando, The Journal Of Institute Of Development Economics, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. Xxix, No. 1, March, 1992), M. Abdulkadir
Economic and Financial Review
A review of the article "Mobilizing Rural Savings in Papua New Guinea: Myths, Realities and Needed Policy Reforms" is imperative considering the efforts of the Federal Government and monetary authorities, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria to mobilize rural savings in Nigeria. This is evidenced by the establishment of the Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank ( 1973), the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme ( 1977), the Central Bank of Nigeria Rural Banking Programme (1977), the Peoples Bank (1990) and the Community Bank (1990) nationwide.
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1993., Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1993., Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
The result of the annual foreign private investment survey conducted by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 1993 are presented in this report. The survey covers 721 establishments that are either fully foreign owned or are in partnership with Nigerians/Nigerian agencies or enterprises doing business in Nigeria. Questionnaires were retrieved from 370 companies, representing a response rate of 51.0 per cent. Statistical adjustment were however made for the non-responding institutions. The analyses of the report are presented in eight parts. In Part I, the flows of foreign investment by regions of origin, components and sectoral distributions are discussed. The cumulative …
Macroeconomic Determinants Of Domestic Private Investment In Nigeria: An Empirical Exploration, Louis N. Chete, Godwin Akpokodje
Macroeconomic Determinants Of Domestic Private Investment In Nigeria: An Empirical Exploration, Louis N. Chete, Godwin Akpokodje
Economic and Financial Review
Despite a decade of profound macroeconomic adjustments, the record of private investment recovery has been disappointing. This paper empirically investigates the determinants of private investment in Nigeria. The results reveal that a combination of internal disequilibria and external shocks account for the slow pace of private investment resurgence. Conclusively, the paper advocates the synchronization of monetary, fiscal, trade and exchange rate policies of government in a mutually reinforcing manner to facilitate the attainment of the objectives of price stability, higher rates of investment and growth.
Foreign Direct Investment In Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Data, Akpan H. Ekpo
Foreign Direct Investment In Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Data, Akpan H. Ekpo
Economic and Financial Review
This paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria and some macroeconomic variables. The preliminary empirical results, covering the period 1970-1994, suggest that high debt service and low credit ratings discourage FDI. FDI is also sensitive to real per capita income and low rates of inflation.
Determinants Of Currency Composition Of External Reserves In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Newman C. Oputa
Determinants Of Currency Composition Of External Reserves In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Newman C. Oputa
Economic and Financial Review
This paper discusses the determinants of the currency composition of external reserves in Nigeria. The empirical analysis reveals that the main factors influencing the currency composition of external reserves in Nigeria are international trade transactions and currency composition of external debt, while reserve adequacy aided the diversification into more currencies. Exchange and interest rates were relatively significant in the share of each currency in the reserve basket. A review of CBN's external reserves policy confirmed that vigorous diversification was embarked upon when there was remarkable increase in the level of the reserve. However, current CBN reserve management policy shows a …
On The Stability Of Money Multiplier Relations In Nigeria: An Alternative Testing Procedure, Sani L. Doguwa
On The Stability Of Money Multiplier Relations In Nigeria: An Alternative Testing Procedure, Sani L. Doguwa
Economic and Financial Review
The question of stability over time of the adjusted money multiplier relation is of crucial importance for adjusted base money to act as the main link to money supply. This paper tests the hypothesis of stability of money multiplier relations in Nigeria using the forward recursive cusum of squares that uses a confidence interval which is distributed as Pyke 's modified Kolmogrov-Smirnov statistic. The results of the stability tests applied to monthly data from January, 1991 to December, 1995 suggest that the functions underlying the adjusted money multipliers were not stable between March, I992 and December, I994. The two multiplier …
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
The netjlow of foreign private investment into the Nigerian economy in 1994 reduced drastically to N3,907.2 million from N32,994.4 million recorded in the preceding year. The sharp decline was attributable to the unstable business environment which resulted from political agitation and labour unrest during the review period. Contributions of all the investment flow components fell, especially changes in foreign share capital and trade and suppliers credit facilities which plummeted to N429. 5 million and N214.8 mil/ion.from N5,0ll.4 and N17,803.l million recorded in the preceding year, respectively. While investments of all the other regions declined, investment flows.from companies of Asian origin …
The State Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Performance, Problems And Outstanding Issues, M. O. Ojo, B. S. Adebusuyi
The State Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Performance, Problems And Outstanding Issues, M. O. Ojo, B. S. Adebusuyi
Economic and Financial Review
This paper examines developments in the Nigerian petroleum industry in view of its prominent role in the economy and notes outstanding issues and other relevant policy implications. The paper also discusses the industry's organizational and operational structure and assesses its performance in terms of production, local consumption and exports of crude oil and refined products as well as oil revenue. Major findings are that although the sub-sector continues to account for the bulk of federally-collected revenue, the growth in crude oil output, average crude export volume as well as refined petroleum products consumption have been declining, while the performance of …
The Performance And Future Of Mandatory Allocation Of Credit To Selected Sectors In The Nigerian Economy, J. A. Babalola, F. O. Odoko
The Performance And Future Of Mandatory Allocation Of Credit To Selected Sectors In The Nigerian Economy, J. A. Babalola, F. O. Odoko
Economic and Financial Review
The paper examines the performance and likely future trend of mandatory credit allocation to selected sectors of the Nigerian economy. The result reveals that during both the pre-SAP and the SAP years, performance was below target. In terms of future mandatory a/location of credit by banks, the paper notes that instead of 'prescribing the total amount by which banks can expand credit, discretion should he given to banks to allow market forces to determine the allocation.
Export Processing Zone Programmes: Lessons For Nigeria From Other Countries, E. B. Hogan, E. A. Onwioduokit
Export Processing Zone Programmes: Lessons For Nigeria From Other Countries, E. B. Hogan, E. A. Onwioduokit
Economic and Financial Review
The monumental success of the export-oriented South-East Asian countries has engendered a shift in emphasis among other developing countries towards export oriented development strategy in recent times. This paper examines the export processing programmes in Nigeria, drawing from the experiences of other countries where the programme is operational. The analysis confirms that the nature and extent of incentives available in Nigeria's EPZ scheme compares favourably with those provided by similar schemes elsewhere. However, the same cannot be said of infrastructural facilities such as roads, railways and communication. The need for improvement in these facilities is emphasized. Also, security, which is …
Monetary Policy And Commercial Bank's Performance In Nigeria: Some Theoretical And Empirical Extensions, Michael O. Nyong
Monetary Policy And Commercial Bank's Performance In Nigeria: Some Theoretical And Empirical Extensions, Michael O. Nyong
Economic and Financial Review
This study provides richer insights into the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria using more indicators and more refined methodologies. It sheds more light on the critical factors responsible for differential performance among the banks. The high levels of profitability declared by banks in the light of their high levels of under-capitalization imply excessive risk-taking which is incompatible with prudent banking behaviour. We also found that the size of banks exert a positive and statistically significant effect on their performance. The result suggests that the promotion of large banks may be in the interest of maintaining a safe and sound …
Catherine Bonser-Neal. "Does Central Bank Intervention Stabilize Foreign Exchange Rates? Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank Of Kansas City, Vol. 81, No. 1, First Quarter 1996 (14pp), Peter I. Nwaoba
Economic and Financial Review
The paper tried to establish whether central bank intervention could reduce exchange rate volatility by stopping speculative attacks against a currency. The author's concern centered on the fact that exchange rate volatility has increased since the adoption of flexible exchange rate system in 1973 and the subsequent interventions by most central banks. She observed that many European countries have intervened in foreign exchange markets when deemed necessary to reduce volatility and possibly keep exchange rates within a band around a target rate. But opinions still differ on whether these interventions could stabilize exchange rates. The paper, therefore, sought to present …
Ashwani Saith. The Rural Non-Farm Economy: Processes And Policies (Geneva, Ilo) 1993., S. O. Etafo
Ashwani Saith. The Rural Non-Farm Economy: Processes And Policies (Geneva, Ilo) 1993., S. O. Etafo
Economic and Financial Review
The study examines the likely impact of rural, non-farm economy (RNFE) growth on rural inequalities and agrarian differentiation processes; possible demand constraints; and the success or failure of specially targeted rural, non-farm programmes (for example, Graneen Bank in Bangladesh, the People's Commune in pre-1978 rural China and IRDP interventions in India). The author establishes economic conditions and institutional environment that would enable the RNFE to grow, with a decisive impact on rural poverty. The study, intended to be a precursor to a full-length study of the rural, non-farm economy (RNFE) in developing economies, runs into five chapters. Chapter 1 is …
An Empirical Analysis Of The Prices Of Nigeria's Agricultural Export Commodities, Grace O. Evbuomwan
An Empirical Analysis Of The Prices Of Nigeria's Agricultural Export Commodities, Grace O. Evbuomwan
Economic and Financial Review
The study examines the role of price incentives in expanding agricultural commodity exports. Using the concept of efficiency, based on the theory of opportunity cost, nominal and effective protection coefficients (NPC & EPC) were estimated for cocoa, coffee, cotton, palm kernel, palm oil, rubber and soyabean. Their world market prices served as the efficiency benchmarks in order to determine the pattern of incentives or disincentives to the Nigerian agricultural export sector. The NPC values obtained ranged from 0.47 for cotton to I. I 8 for soyabean pre-Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and during the SAP the values ranged from 0. 63 …
Economic Growth And Foreign Debt: A Case Study Of Nigeria, J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwioduokit
Economic Growth And Foreign Debt: A Case Study Of Nigeria, J. O. Ashinze, E. A. Onwioduokit
Economic and Financial Review
In this study, a macro-economic model is used to examine the relationship between external debt and economic growth in Nigeria. The study has established empirically that foreign credit only contributed positively to growth between 1988 and /992 when the resources mobilized externally were used in directly productive activities. However, between 1979 and /987 as well as the period /993-/994, there was a negative relationship between foreign capital and growth. Among other factors, policy inconsistencies, drying up of external assistance and political instability were identified as the main factors that militated against foreign credit-induced growth of the Nigerian economy.
On Early Warning Models For The Identification Of Problem Banks In Nigeria, Sani I. Doguwa
On Early Warning Models For The Identification Of Problem Banks In Nigeria, Sani I. Doguwa
Economic and Financial Review
This paper proposes alternative early warning models which could be helpful in identifying problem banks in Nigeria. The models rely on the /ogit-analytic technique and the use of financial ratios derived from the monthly returns the licensed banks render to both the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The two separate models, each developed for commercial and merchant bank, are more efficient in that they drastically reduced the mis-classification errors inherent in other failure prediction models developed in the past. To illustrate the applications of the models for policy, an appraisal of the financial condition …
Further Empirical Analysis Of Inflation In Nigeria, O. M. Fakiyesi
Further Empirical Analysis Of Inflation In Nigeria, O. M. Fakiyesi
Economic and Financial Review
This paper analyses the main factors which influence inflation in Nigeria with a view to determining the relevant policy instruments that will reduce it. The empirical analysis confirms the findings of earlier studies that monetary expansion significantly influences the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The other dominant factor is the exchange rate which has a significant and positive impact on inflation. Growth in real income and level of rainfall are also significant in explaining inflation in Nigeria.
Cho Tae-Hyon: "Foreign Direct Investment In Korea: Recent Trends And Changes To Improve The Investment Environment", Korea Exchange Bank Quarterly, First Quarter, 1995, Vol. Xxx, No. 1, N. C. Oputa
Economic and Financial Review
Korea opened its doors to foreign investors in 1962 to raise capital for economic development. As at end-1994, the total accumulated volume of Korea's Foreign Direct Investment (FOI) on an approved basis amounted to US $12,525 million financing 4,709 projects. The conclusion of the Uruguay round and the establishment of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) which linked the global economy to free flows of trade and investment, are new challenges facing Korea in the search for ways to cope with the emerging era of unlimited competition. Tae-Hyon's paper attempts to review the trends in FDI and the recent incentives to …
Monetary Policy And The Performance Of Commercial Banks In Nigeria, Okorie A. Uchendu
Monetary Policy And The Performance Of Commercial Banks In Nigeria, Okorie A. Uchendu
Economic and Financial Review
The purpose of this study is primarily to investigate the impact of monetary policy on the performance of the commercial banking industry in Nigeria. An analysis of the industry data showed a strong relationship between monetary policy instruments and commercial bank profitability measures, suggesting that appropriate monetary and banking policies are important factors to the continued stability and profitability of the commercial banking industry. More importantly, the evidence of oligopolistic competition in the commercial banking industry involving the three big commercial banks raises questions on their influence on effective transmission of monetary policy in Nigeria, role as financial intermediaries and …
Intersectoral Financing In Nigeria, 1989 - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Intersectoral Financing In Nigeria, 1989 - 1992, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
Policy changes following the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) have had remarkable effects on the movement of funds between major sectors of the economy. The behaviour of economic aggregates over the period 1989 - 1992 showed that large transactions occurred in government debt instruments, the domestic loans and advances market and currency and deposits of financial system. Fund flowed from the households sector to the Federal Government and business sectors. The financial sector re/arms, including the interest rates deregulation, resulted in domestic savings exceeding capital formation, and contributed to the expansion in money supply. Lending activity of the banking system showed …
The Challenges For Economic Management In Nigeria, M. O. Ojo
The Challenges For Economic Management In Nigeria, M. O. Ojo
Economic and Financial Review
The paper undertakes a critical evaluation of economic management strategies and associated programmes in Nigeria in the last twenty-five years in the context of its overall goals of increased prosperity for the populace, equitable distribution of achieved prosperity and sustaining the levels of living standards. The findings indicate negative outcomes in respect of these basic objectives. The paper then identifies some critical areas of economic management that have constrained full commitment to the pursuit of the primary goals as a result of which some policy recommendations are proposed. These include the need for macroeconomic stability, reduction and rationalisation of public …