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Articles 121 - 150 of 695
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Density Deconvolution With Laplace Errors And Unknown Variance, Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher Parmeter
Density Deconvolution With Laplace Errors And Unknown Variance, Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher Parmeter
Center for Policy Research
We consider density deconvolution with zero-mean Laplace noise in the context of an error component regression model. We adapt the minimax deconvolution methods of Meister (2006) to allow estimation of the unknown noise variance. We propose a semi-uniformly consistent estimator for an ordinary-smooth target density and a modified “variance truncation device" for the unknown noise variance. We provide a simulation study and practical guidance for the choice of smoothness parameters of the ordinary-smooth target density. We apply restricted versions of our estimator to a stochastic frontier model of US banks and to a measurement error model of daily saturated fat …
Nonparametric Tests Of Tail Behavior In Stochastic Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Yulong Wang
Nonparametric Tests Of Tail Behavior In Stochastic Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Yulong Wang
Center for Policy Research
This article studies tail behavior for the error components in the stochastic frontier model, where one component has bounded support on one side, and the other has unbounded support on both sides. Under weak assumptions on the error components, we derive nonparametric tests that the unbounded component distribution has thin tails and that the component tails are equivalent. The tests are useful diagnostic tools for stochastic frontier analysis and kernel deconvolution density estimation. A simulation study and an application to a stochastic cost frontier for 6,100 US banks from 1998 to 2005 are provided. The new tests reject the normal …
Does Proximity To Fast Food Cause Childhood Obesity? Evidence From Public Housing, Jeehee Han, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Brian Elbel
Does Proximity To Fast Food Cause Childhood Obesity? Evidence From Public Housing, Jeehee Han, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Brian Elbel
Center for Policy Research
We examine the causal link between proximity to fast food and the incidence of childhood obesity among low-income households in New York City. Using individual-level longitudinal data on students living in public housing linked to restaurant location data, we exploit the naturally occurring within-development variation in distance to fast food restaurants to estimate the impact of proximity on obesity. Since the assignment of households to specific buildings is based upon availability at the time of assignment to public housing, the distance between student residence and retail outlets—including fast food restaurants, wait-service restaurants, supermarkets, and corner stores—is plausibly random. Our credibly …
Paying For Free Lunch: The Impact Of Cep Universal Free Meals On Revenues, Spending, And Student Health, Michah W. Rothbart, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Emily Gutierrez
Paying For Free Lunch: The Impact Of Cep Universal Free Meals On Revenues, Spending, And Student Health, Michah W. Rothbart, Amy Ellen Schwartz, Emily Gutierrez
Center for Policy Research
The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 allows school districts to provide free meals to all students if more than 40 percent of students are individually eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. While emerging evidence documents positive effects on student behavior and academics (Gordon and Ruffini, 2019; Schwartz and Rothbart, 2020), critics worry that Universal Free Meals (UFM) has unintended consequences, including exacerbating student obesity and adding financial burden onto school districts. We use school and district level data from New York State (NYS) and a difference-in-differences design to test whether concerns over negative …
Network Competition And Team Chemistry In The Nba, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Shane Sanders
Network Competition And Team Chemistry In The Nba, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Shane Sanders
Center for Policy Research
We consider a heterogeneous social interaction model where agents interact with peers within their own network but also interact with agents across other (non-peer) networks. To address potential endogeneity in the networks, we assume that each network has a central planner who makes strategic network decisions based on observable and unobservable characteristics of the peers in her charge. The model forms a simultaneous equation system that can be estimated by Quasi-Maximum Likelihood. We apply a restricted version of our model to data on National Basketball Association games, where agents are players, networks are individual teams organized by coaches, and competition …
New York State Economic Status Of Regions And Development Programs, Michael Wasylenko
New York State Economic Status Of Regions And Development Programs, Michael Wasylenko
Economics - All Scholarship
No abstract provided.
New York State Economic Status Of Regions And Development Programs, Michael J. Wasylenko
New York State Economic Status Of Regions And Development Programs, Michael J. Wasylenko
Center for Policy Research
No abstract provided.
Forecasting With Unbalanced Panel Data, Badi Baltagi, Long Liu
Forecasting With Unbalanced Panel Data, Badi Baltagi, Long Liu
Center for Policy Research
This paper derives the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for an unbalanced panel data model. Starting with a simple error component regression model with unbalanced panel data and random effects, it generalizes the BLUP derived by Taub (1979) to unbalanced panels. Next it derives the BLUP for an unequally spaced panel data model with serial correlation of the AR(1) type in the remainder disturbances considered by Baltagi and Wu (1999). This in turn extends the BLUP for a panel data model with AR(1) type remainder disturbances derived by Baltagi and Li (1992) from the balanced to the unequally spaced panel …
Nonparametric Sample Splitting, Yoonseok Lee, Yulong Wang
Nonparametric Sample Splitting, Yoonseok Lee, Yulong Wang
Center for Policy Research
This paper develops a threshold regression model where an unknown relationship between two variables nonparametrically determines the threshold. We allow the observations to be crosssectionally dependent so that the model can be applied to determine an unknown spatial border for sample splitting over a random field. We derive the uniform rate of convergence and the nonstandard limiting distribution of the nonparametric threshold estimator. We also obtain the root-n consistency and the asymptotic normality of the regression coefficient estimator. Our model has broad empirical relevance as illustrated by estimating the tipping point in social segregation problems as a function of demographic …
Do Foster Care Agencies Discriminate Against Gay Couples? Evidence From A Correspondence Study, Mattie Mackenzie-Oiu, David Schwegman, Leonard M. Lopoo
Do Foster Care Agencies Discriminate Against Gay Couples? Evidence From A Correspondence Study, Mattie Mackenzie-Oiu, David Schwegman, Leonard M. Lopoo
Center for Policy Research
There has been considerable recent debate regarding proposed policies that would allow foster care administrators to discriminate on the basis of the sexual orientation of the foster parent. To date, however, we know very little about the level of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the foster care system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical investigation to ask whether foster care agencies, the public and nonprofit firms that facilitate foster care placements, respond similarly to emails sent by fictitious same-sex and heterosexual couples who inquire about becoming foster parents. Our results suggest that …
Inference In Threshold Models, Yoonseok Lee, Yulong Wang
Inference In Threshold Models, Yoonseok Lee, Yulong Wang
Center for Policy Research
This paper develops new statistical inference methods for the parameters in threshold regression models. In particular, we develop a test for homogeneity of the threshold parameter and a test for linear restrictions on the regression coefficients. The tests are built upon a transformed partial-sum process after re-ordering the observations based on the rank of the threshold variable, which recasts the crosssectional threshold problem into the time-series structural break analogue. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived using this novel approach, and the finite sample properties are studied in Monte Carlo simulations. We apply the new tests to the …
Strategies To Build Economic Strength In Lagging Areas: Investment, Tax Incentives, Wage Subsidies, Worker Training, And Education, Michael Wasylenko
Strategies To Build Economic Strength In Lagging Areas: Investment, Tax Incentives, Wage Subsidies, Worker Training, And Education, Michael Wasylenko
Economics - All Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Strategies To Build Economic Strength In Lagging Areas: Investment, Tax Incentives, Wage Subsidies, Worker Training, And Education, Michael J. Wasylenko
Strategies To Build Economic Strength In Lagging Areas: Investment, Tax Incentives, Wage Subsidies, Worker Training, And Education, Michael J. Wasylenko
Center for Policy Research
No abstract provided.
Child Poverty Has Been Declining In Single-Mother Families, But The Gap Remains Large, Xiaoyan Zhang
Child Poverty Has Been Declining In Single-Mother Families, But The Gap Remains Large, Xiaoyan Zhang
Population Health Research Brief Series
Family structure (whether a child lives in a single parent or married family) is a strong predictor of childhood poverty. While childhood poverty has been on the decline, there is still a high rate of poverty among children in single-mother families, affecting the health of these children. This data slice describes the trends of childhood poverty among different family structures in the U.S.
Marijuana Legalization: Beyond Yes Or No., Keith Humphreys
Marijuana Legalization: Beyond Yes Or No., Keith Humphreys
Center for Policy Research
This paper will first go over some basic terms and concepts, then discuss what’s going on in the world around cannabis with a focus on the United States. I will then offer some policy options to consider if New York chooses to legalize recreational cannabis.
Having A Disability Reduces Chances Of Employment For All Racial/Ethnic Groups, Jennifer D. Brooks
Having A Disability Reduces Chances Of Employment For All Racial/Ethnic Groups, Jennifer D. Brooks
Population Health Research Brief Series
Regardless of race, adults with disabilities are less likely to be employed than those without disabilities. This data slice explains how race-ethnicity affects employment rates among adults with and without disabilities.
California Paid Family Leave And Parental Time Use, Samantha Trajkovski
California Paid Family Leave And Parental Time Use, Samantha Trajkovski
Center for Policy Research
Paid family leave policies are intended to help working parents fulfill their work and child care responsibilities by providing them with paid time off from work after the birth of a child. While other research has shown that paid leave policies increase leave-taking among parents, little is known about how parents of infants spend their time while they are on leave and shortly after returning to work. Using the American Heritage Time Use Study and taking a difference-in-differences approach, this paper shows that the California Paid Family Leave policy led to an additional six hours per week mothers spend on …
Holding Hospitals Accountable? Evidence On The Effectiveness Of Minimum Charity Care Provision Laws, Michah W. Rothbart, Nara Yoon
Holding Hospitals Accountable? Evidence On The Effectiveness Of Minimum Charity Care Provision Laws, Michah W. Rothbart, Nara Yoon
Center for Policy Research
What can governments do to encourage nonprofit hospitals to provide greater benefits to their communities? Recent efforts by the federal and state governments seek to hold hospitals accountable for community health, in part by incentivizing charity care provision. Laws that set benchmarks for charity care spending are increasingly used, but their efficacy is uncertain. In this study, we examine the extent to which Illinois’ minimum charity care provision (MCCP) law increases nonprofit hospital charity care. Importantly, we differentiate between responses for hospitals required to provide minimal charitable spending (nonprofits) and those that are not (for-profit and public). We use detailed …
How School Aid In New York State Penalizes Black And Hispanic Students, John Yinger
How School Aid In New York State Penalizes Black And Hispanic Students, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.
The Impact Of Bmi On Mental Health: Further Evidence From Genetic Markers, Vikesh Amin, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes
The Impact Of Bmi On Mental Health: Further Evidence From Genetic Markers, Vikesh Amin, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes
Center for Policy Research
We examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mental health for young adults and elderly individuals using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and the Health & Retirement Study. While ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates show that BMI is significantly associated with worse mental health in both young adulthood and old age, they are likely to be confounded by (i) unobserved factors that affect both BMI and mental health and (ii) reverse causality. To tackle confounding, we take two complementary approaches. First, we use a polygenic score for BMI as an instrumental variable (IV) and …
How New York State Stole $20 Billion From School Children In New York City, Part 2, John Yinger
How New York State Stole $20 Billion From School Children In New York City, Part 2, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.
How Equitable Is The Education Finance System In New York State?, John Yinger
How Equitable Is The Education Finance System In New York State?, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
This policy brief provides an overview and evaluation of the education finance system in New York State. The brief addresses four broad topics: student performance disparities in New York State, the nature of the New York State education finance system, the contributions of the New York foundation aid formula to educational equity, and the benefits to all taxpayers in New York State from education finance reform.
How New York State Stole $20 Billion From School Children In New York City, John Yinger
How New York State Stole $20 Billion From School Children In New York City, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.
Understanding Maternal Mortality In The United States, Alexis Whellan
Understanding Maternal Mortality In The United States, Alexis Whellan
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
Background and Purpose: The maternal mortality rate in the United States is uncharacteristically high for a developed nation. Despite a concerted effort to participate in decreasing maternal mortality rates internationally as part of the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals, the United States has failed many of its mothers when it comes to positive maternal health outcomes. The quality of health care in the United States is comparable to other developed nations, suggesting that the unusually high maternal mortality rate is not due to physician error and lack of proper physician techniques and rather due to social variables. There are many …
New York Camp Econometrics Xiv Program, Center For Policy Research
New York Camp Econometrics Xiv Program, Center For Policy Research
Camp Econometrics-Programs
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Eitc Exposure In Childhood On Marriage And Early Childbearing, Katherine Michelmore, Leonard M. Lopoo
The Effects Of Eitc Exposure In Childhood On Marriage And Early Childbearing, Katherine Michelmore, Leonard M. Lopoo
Center for Policy Research
This study analyzes the effect of exposure to the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in childhood on marriage and childbearing in early adulthood. Results suggest that exposure in childhood leads women to delay marriage and first births in early adulthood (ages 18-25), but not men. These results have implications for the well-being of both individuals exposed to the EITC in childhood as well as their future children. In addition, because childless adults cannot claim the EITC until age 25, our back-ofthe-envelope calculations suggest that these delays likely save up to $199 million annually in social welfare costs.
Structural Changes In Heterogeneous Panels With Endogenous Regressors, Badi Baltagi, Qu Feng, Chihwa Kao
Structural Changes In Heterogeneous Panels With Endogenous Regressors, Badi Baltagi, Qu Feng, Chihwa Kao
Center for Policy Research
This paper extends Pesaran (2006) common correlated e¤ects (CCE) by allowing for endogenous regressors in large heterogeneous panels with unknown common structural changes in slopes and error factor structure. Since endogenous regressors and structural breaks are often encountered in empirical studies with large panels, this extension makes the Pesaran’s (2006) CCE approach empirically more appealing. In addition to allowing for slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, we find that Pesaran’s CCE approach is also valid when dealing with unobservable factors in the presence of endogenous regressors and structural changes in slopes and error factor loadings. This is supported by Monte Carlo …
Testing For Shifts In A Time Trend Panel Data Model With Serially Correlated Error Component Disturbances, Badi Baltagi, Chihwa Kao, Long Liu
Testing For Shifts In A Time Trend Panel Data Model With Serially Correlated Error Component Disturbances, Badi Baltagi, Chihwa Kao, Long Liu
Center for Policy Research
This paper studies testing of shifts in a time trend panel data model with serially correlated error component disturbances, without any prior knowledge of whether the error term is stationary or nonstationary. This is done in case the shift is known as well as unknown. Following Vogelsang (1997) in the time series literature, we propose a Wald type test statistic that uses a fixed effects feasible generalized least squares (FE-FGLS) estimator derived in Baltagi, et al. (2014). The proposed test has a Chi-square limiting distribution and is valid for both I (0) and I (1) errors. The finite sample size …
Canadian Hockey Leagues Game-To-Game Performance, Nick R. Riccardi
Canadian Hockey Leagues Game-To-Game Performance, Nick R. Riccardi
Sport Management - All Scholarship
This study examines game-to-game performance of players across the three Canadian Hockey Leagues (Western Hockey League, Ontario Hockey League, and Quebec Major Junior Hockey League) for the 2017-2018 season. It tests the importance of factors such as rest, travel, weather conditions, and more. Data for this study were collected from each of the three CHL websites and from www.weatherunderground.com. The null hypotheses of different factors affecting performance were tested through regression models using Ordinary Least Squares. The dependent variables, used across different specifications, were on-ice performance variables such as points, goals, and penalty minutes on a per-game basis.
Who Benefits From Accountability-Driven School Closure? Evidence From New York City, Robert Bifulco, David Schwegman
Who Benefits From Accountability-Driven School Closure? Evidence From New York City, Robert Bifulco, David Schwegman
Center for Policy Research
We estimate the effects of accountability-driven school closure in New York City on students who attended middle schools that were closed at the time of closure and students who would have likely attended a closed middle school had it remained open. We find that students who would have entered the closed school, had it not closed, attended schools that perform better on standardized exams and have higher value-added measures than did the closed schools. While we find that closure did not have any measurable effect on the average student in this group, we do find that high-performing students in this …