Economics Commons^™

Part 5: Federal Spending In The Commonwealth: A Primer, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

In fiscal year 2018, federal government awards in Virginia totaled $109 billion, or $12,866 per Virginian. The Commonwealth’s economy is fueled, for better or worse, by spending decisions in the halls of Congress and the White House. We explore how the federal government spends money in Virginia and highlight procurement spending in the state’s metropolitan areas. We also look back at the impact of the Budget Control Act of 2011 on the economies of Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads.

Part 1: Virginia's Growth Improves In Uncertain Times, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

Virginia’s economy is poised to grow for the fifth consecutive year. The number of jobs and people employed set new records in the summer of 2019 and CNBC recently ranked the Commonwealth as the most business-friendly state in the country. However, increasing economic uncertainty threatens the promise of a bright start to the coming decade. We assess the performance of the Virginia economy and ask what the future holds.

The Role Of Brand Love: Application Of The Hierarchy Of Effects Model, Dooyoung Choi, Tae-Im Han

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Understanding the attributes that build consumer loyalty is particularly critical to fashion companies due to the prevalence of alternatives in the market with low switching costs. The significance of this study is extending the knowledge on the role of brand love using the hierarchy of effects model in the context of fashion consumer behaviors. A questionnaire in which participants provided self-reported responses was created to measure the constructs. A two-step approach, a measurement and a structural model was used for the statistical analysis. The results indicated that consumers who know more about the fashion brands are more likely to have …

Support For And Behavioral Responses To Tolls: Insights From Hampton Roads, Virginia, Juita-Elena Wie Yusuf, Khairul Azfi Anuar, Lenahan L. O'Connell, David Chapman, Donta Council, Tancy Vandecar-Burdin, Meagan M. Jordan

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

This chapter analyzes the experiences with tolling in the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia to better understand residents' and drivers' support for tolls and behavioral responses to tolls. The Hampton Roads region, with its population of 1.7 million and extensive network of highways, roads, bridges, and tunnels, has a long history of toll facilities that date back to the 1920s. The most recent tunnel tolls, associated with the Elizabeth River Crossing Project and introduced in February 2014, are the focus of this chapter. This chapter analyzes two sets of survey data to provide insights that have implications for policies …

Natural Resources Governance Employing Blockchain-Based Decision-Making, Farinaz Sabz Ali Pour, Adrian Gheorghe

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Natural resources are essential structures of socio-economic systems which shape the well-being of humanity, environment, and the economy. Human actions have become the critical responsibility for environmental changes and pressuring many planetary boundaries. Having a systematic approach can provide a governance platform including the inherent characteristics of the resource, the historically established form of use, and transaction costs. A natural resource governance framework is developed by applying Blockchain technology as the primary goal of this study to regulate and manage the extraction and trades. Blockchain technology provides a distributed concurrency monitoring system for sustainable resource management. Persistent and pervasive cooperation …

Coordination Costs, Market Size, And The Choice Of Technology, Haiwen Zhou

Economics Faculty Publications

Impact of coordination costs and market size on a firm’s choice of technology is studied in a general equilibrium model in which firms engage in oligopolistic competition. A firm establishes an organizational hierarchy to coordinate its production. First, it is shown that an increase in market size leads a firm to choose a more specialized technology. Second, surprisingly, a robust result is that an increase in the level of coordination efficiency leads a firm to choose a less specialized technology.

The 'New Normal' Of Flooding In Portsmouth, Virginia: Perspectives, Experiences, And Adaptive Responses Of Residents And Business Owners In Low To Moderate-Income Communities, Donta Council, Michelle Covi, Wie Yusuf, Joshua Behr, Makayla Brown, Old Dominion University Resilience Collaborative, Virginia Sea Grant

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

[First three paragraphs from the Summary]

This project is a part of a broader initiative - the Resilience Adaptation Feasibility Tool (RAFT) - that addresses the daunting challenges coastal communities are facing related to sea level rise and climate change (more information about RAFT is available here: https://ien.virginia.edu/raft).

This aim of this project was to investigate how residents and business owners in low-to-moderate income communities in Portsmouth, Virginia cope with flooding, and to assess implications for how the local government can better engage with residents to better meet their information needs so they can be more resilient to flooding. The …

Impact Of Payment Technology Innovations On The Traditional Financial Industry: A Focus On China, Meifeng Yao, He Di, Xianrong Zheng, Xiaobo Xu

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

With the rapid advent of e-commerce in China, the technological innovation of third-party payment has experienced explosive growth. This important technological innovation, initiated by emerging Internet companies, is helping the traditional financial industry's payment business-represented by commercial banks-expand in both depth and breadth. Meanwhile, there is also a large degree of substitution, competition and crowding out among these banks in terms of the traditional financial industry's basic payment and settlement functions, potential customers, deposit and loan services and traditional intermediary business. This paper explores the impact (episodic and long-term steady-state) of the technological innovation of payment on commercial banks. It …

A Study Of Public Seaport Governance In The United States, Christopher Michael Williams

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

Seaports are important economic engines serving many metropolitan areas in the United States. Most seaports in the U.S. are public-owned and managed by a set of elected or politically appointed board members. Indeed, this is public governance in action but the field of port governance seems to be focused on the study of operating efficiencies and less concerned with the public governance aspects of seaports.

The term “governance” in a public organization conveys a level of democratic accountability to the citizenry for management of public-owned resources but, until now, studies of seaport governance in the U.S. have not focused on …

A Thirst For Empire: How Tea Shaped The Modern World, Jane T. Merritt

History Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) In A Thirst for Empire: How Tea Shaped the Modern World, Erika Rappaport, specialist in British consumer culture, explores the influ- ence of the quintessential English beverage on the rise of mass markets and British identity. Drawing from a variety of research tradi- tions, including recent commodity studies, the author argues that tea was both a product of and a producer of empire. The commercial success of tea created powerful corporate entities with imperial ties, such as the English East India Company and Lipton’s. But, it was the practice of drinking tea that defined and transformed “Britishness.” …

Part 3: The Promise And Peril Of Medicaid Expansion For The Commonwealth Of Virginia, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

Virginia will expand Medicaid, a health insurance program for low-income adults and children, on Jan. 1, 2019. Medicaid expansion will reduce the number of uninsured, allow Medicaid recipients to work more and offer health care providers a measure of relief with regard to uncompensated care costs. The future costs of expansion, however, remain uncertain.

Part 1: Virginia Breezes Along, But Are There Storm Clouds On The Horizon?, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

After an anemic recovery from the Great Recession and sequestration, Virginia’s economy picked up the pace in 2018 and is likely to improve in 2019. We should not, however, grow complacent. There are storm clouds on the horizon. The challenge now is to enact wise policies to foster and sustain economic growth while preparing for the next eventual downturn.

Part 2: Moving Forward: Growth Improves For Virginia's Metropolitan Areas, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

2017 was the first year since 2006 that each of Virginia’s metropolitan areas exhibited positive economic growth from the preceding year. The uneven economic performance of Virginia’s metros cannot easily be attributed to one specific factor. The challenge is how to stimulate development in all areas of the Commonwealth.

Part 4: A Commonwealth Coming Together Or Growing Apart?, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

We shed light on the diversities of circumstances and outcomes that exist in today’s Virginia. The distributions of income and wealth in the Commonwealth provide important information about the extent to which Virginians share an economic destiny.

Part 5: Much Ado About Nothing? Virginia's "Kings Dominion Law", Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

In 1986, Virginia passed into law a requirement that public schools cannot open until after Labor Day unless they met specific conditions for a waiver. In 2017, over 50 percent of Virginia elementary, middle and high school students attended schools that opened prior to Labor Day. We ask whether there is evidence to support the commonly offered arguments for and against the Virginia “Kings Dominion law.”

Part 6: Sin Taxes And Alcohol Consumption In Virginia, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

How does the Commonwealth tax alcohol? We look at the taxation of beer, wine and distilled spirits and the role of Virginia’s Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority. We investigate whether levying taxes on alcohol is an appropriate method of raising revenue.

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #3: Economics, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

[Introductory paragraph]

This report examines regional perceptions of economic conditions from the 2018 Life In Hampton Roads survey (LIHR 2018) conducted by the Old Dominion University Social Science Research Center. Data from prior years is also provided when available to show comparisons in responses over time. Responses were weighted by city population, race, age, gender, and phone usage (cell versus land-line) to be representative of the Hampton Roads region. For additional information on survey methodology, and analyses of other issues, please see the SSRC website at www.odu.edu/ssrc.

Front Matter: The State Of The Region: Hampton Roads 2018, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Cover, front matter, table of contents, sponsors, and other materials for the 2018 The State of the Region report authored by the Center for Economic Analysis and Policy at Old Dominion University

Part 1: Is It Morning Again In Hampton Roads?, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

The three pillars of our regional economy (defense, the port and tourism) have improved and prospects for growth are looking up. We ask whether Hampton Roads has finally emerged from a “lost decade” and if the future is bright.

Part 3: Craft Brewing In Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

The number of craft breweries in Hampton Roads has increased dramatically in recent years. We trace the development of this trend and explore the impact of craft brewing on our regional economy.

Part 2: A Complicated Subject: The Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Virginia will expand Medicaid, a health insurance program for low-income adults and children, on Jan. 1, 2019. Medicaid expansion will reduce the number of uninsured in Hampton Roads, but future costs remain uncertain.

Part 5: Welcome To Your New Home: International Migration And Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion Universtiy

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Most new international migrants to Hampton Roads are educated, married and gainfully employed. We examine the impact of international migration and look at how immigrants are contributing to economic growth in our region.

Part 4: Too Much Of A Good Thing? Multifamily Housing In Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Over the past decade, Hampton Roads has seen an increase in the construction of multifamily units, leading some to question whether there are too many apartments. Vacancy rates have started to decline and rent increases remain moderate, especially compared to many other cities in the United States.

Part 7: Hampton Roads: In Search Of A Social Media Identity, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat. These platforms define the lives of many Americans. We inquire to what degree Hampton Roads has an identity on social media and discuss the potential benefits of a social media brand.

Part 6: Hampton City School: The Next Generation Of Learning In Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Hampton Roads needs skilled workers. With unemployment approaching historical lows and the demand for a skilled workforce increasing, Hampton City Schools is engaging in an experiment to transform high school education. We delve into this effort and its potential benefit for our region.

The State Of The Region: Hampton Roads 2018, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University, Vinod Agarwal, Barbara Blake, Chris Colburn, Steve Daniel, Ericha Forest, Ross J. Gore, J. Andrew Hansz, Saloni Jain, Elizabeth Janik, Nikki Johnson, James V. Koch, Tim Komarek, Feng Lian, Sharon Lomax, Janet Molinaro, Brendan O'Hallarn, Maximilien Peker, Michael Phelps, Aiden Thompson, Jay Walker, Hannah White, Ziniya Zahedi

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

[From the introductory material]

This is Old Dominion University’s 19th annual State of the Region report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion, its president, John R. Broderick, the Board of Visitors, the Strome College of Business or the generous donors who support the activities of the Dragas Center for Economic Analysis and Policy.

The report maintains the goal of stimulating thought and discussion that will ultimately make Hampton Roads an even better place to live. We are proud of our …

Identifying Barriers To Attendance In Counseling Among Adults In The United States: Confirming The Factor Structure Of The Revised Fit, Stigma, & Value Scale, Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Edward S. Neukrug

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

The primary aim of this study was to cross-validate the Revised Fit, Stigma, & Value (FSV) Scale, a questionnaire for measuring barriers to counseling, using a stratified random sample of adults in the United States. Researchers also investigated the percentage of adults living in the United States that had previously attended counseling and examined demographic differences in participants’ sensitivity to barriers to counseling. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the three-dimensional FSV model. Results also revealed that close to one-third of adults in the United States have attended counseling, with women attending counseling at …

Economics-Based Risk Management Of Distributed Denial Of Service Attacks: A Distance Learning Case Study, Omer Keskin, Unal Tatar, Omer Poyraz, Ariel Pinto, Adrian Gheorghe

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Managing risk of cyber systems is still on the top of the agendas of Chief Information Security Officers (CISO). Investment in cybersecurity is continuously rising. Efficiency and effectiveness of cybersecurity investments are under scrutiny by boards of the companies. The primary method of decision making on cybersecurity adopts a risk-informed approach. Qualitative methods bring a notion of risk. However, particularly for strategic level decisions, more quantitative methods that can calculate the risk and impact in monetary values are required. In this study, a model is built to calculate the economic value of business interruption during a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack …

Front Matter- 2018 State Of The Commonwealth Report, Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

Cover, front matter, table of contents, sponsors, and other materials for the 2018 State of the Commonwealth Report authored by the Center for Economic Analysis and Policy at Old Dominion University.

2018 State Of The Commonwealth Report, Vinod Agarwal, Barbara Blake, Ethan Crouson, Steve Daniel, Nikki Johnson, James V. Koch, Tim Komarek, Feng Lian, Sharon Lomax, Janet Molinaro, Isaiah Smith, Jay Walker, Hannah White, Ziniya Zahedi, Robert Mcnab

State of the Commonwealth Reports

This is Old Dominion University's fourth State of the Commonwealth Report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion, its president, John R. Broderick, the Board of Visitors, the Strome College of Business or the generous donors who support the activities of the Dragas Center for Economic Analysis and Policy.

The report maintains the goal of stimulating thought and discussion that ultimately will make Virginia an even better place to live. The recent improvements in the Commonwealth's economic performance present an opportunity …