Economics Commons^™

A Platform For Social Business Incubation In The Philippines: The Case Of Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm, Raymund B. Habaradas, Patrick Adriel H. Aure, Ian Benedict R. Mia

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Our study examined the business model of Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm (GKEF) and described how it creates, delivers, and captures value as a social business incubator. Using the case study research design, we saw that GKEF’s social business incubation program has adopted a multilever ecosystem approach by (1) harnessing the human and natural resources of its host community, (2) leveraging the compassion and entrepreneurial talent of its selected incubatees, (3) tapping the knowledge and skills of interns and volunteers, (4) leveraging the expertise and experiences of other more established social enterprises, and (5) taking advantage of its network of partners …

Alleviating Poverty In The Philippines Through Entrepreneurship, Cynthia P. Cudia, John Paolo R. Rivera, Tereso S. Tullao Jr.

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Poverty is a global phenomenon characterized by the lack of access by households to their basic necessities— those earning US$1.25 daily and possessing very low capital, thus trapping them in a cycle of poverty as capital diminishes from one generation to another. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the Philippine government has set as one of its overarching goals to significantly reduce poverty incidence. To address poverty, several interventions have been put in place such as the conditional cash transfer, foreign aid, and entrepreneurship. Using a repeated cross-section model, we look into entrepreneurship as an intervention to push economic …

Entrepreneurial Intention Towards Sustainable Growth: The Case Of Tourism Msmes, Tia Mare L. Ebdane

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The study aimed at determining the effect of perceived desirability through perceptions on normative, regulatory, and cognitive profile; and perceived feasibility through effectiveness in marketing, innovation, management, risk-taking, and financial control measures to the sustainable growth intention of micro, small, and medium tourism establishments in an untapped tourism destination in the Philippines. Data was gathered through a survey of 95 respondents using a survey questionnaire, and was analyzed through multiple linear regression. Results indicate that only the perception on the cognitive profile was significant among the perceived desirability measures, and the effectiveness of financial control, among the perceived feasibility measures.

Exploring The Entrepreneurial And Innovation Orientation Of Central Luzon Entrepreneurs Using The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data, Emilina R. Sarreal, Joan C. Reyes

DLSU Business & Economics Review

From the Global Innovation Index (GII), the Philippines was ranked at 73rd which was far behind the four countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations member states where Singapore placed fifth (5th), while Malaysia , Thailand, and Vietnam placed 35th, 44th and 45th, respectively.. The Philippines was ranked higher than Indonesia (85th) and Cambodia (98th). Based on the Survey of Innovation Activities in 2015 where innovative behavior was found to be contingent on the location and firm size, less than half of the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Luzon (except National Capital Region) are innovation active. …

Sustainable Entrepreneurship In Response To Grand Challenges: What Do We Know And How Do We Move Forward?, Eula Bianca Villar, Francesc Miralles

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The role of sustainability is gaining ground in management and entrepreneurship research especially in the midst of increasing exposure of the society to grand challenges. This paper provides a narrative review of the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) and juxtaposes it with the concept of grand challenge. The narrative review in turn surfaces a potential framework on how the discourse in both areas can be converged. The framework proposes how grand challenges can be integrated as a critical component in the SE literature. In turn, this paper seeks to inform future conversations on SE both in the theoretical and applied …

Motives Of Entrepreneurs In Entering The Informal Economy Using The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (Gem) Data, Emilina R. Sarreal

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The GEM 2013 Adult Population Survey (APS) conducted in the Philippines revealed that out of the 677 owner- manager respondents, 293 or 43% had not registered their business with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), which

handles business name registration as the initial step for entering the formal economy. According to the Department of Labor and Employment’s (DOLE) 2016 report (as cited by Pasion, 2017), the informal sector employs 15.6 million of the Filipino workers which comprise 38% of the total working population. This implies that a large number of informal entrepreneurs employ these people to help them run …

Effects Of Change In Relative Prices In Existing Decompositions Of Aggregate Labor Productivity Growth: A Resolution Of The Aggregate Effect, Jesus C. Dumagan

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Diewert (2015) reworked Tang and Wang’s (2004) growth decomposition and claimed that: “Thus even if all industry labor productivity levels remain constant and all labor input shares remain constant, economy wide labor productivity growth can change due to changes in industry real output prices (italics added)” (p. 370). However, contrary to his 2015 claim, Diewert (2016) found “puzzling” results from Australian data where the sum of price change effects across industries did not matter much and explained this puzzle by an approximation formula that showed price effects sum to zero with the first-order accuracy. In contrast, this paper derives the …

Assessing The Potential Impacts Of The Tax Reform For Acceleration And Inclusion And The Build Build Build Program, Caesar Cororaton, Marites Tiongco, Justin S. Eloriaga

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Act has prompted key changes in the personal income tax regime through excise taxes on most goods such as petroleum, sugar-sweetened beverages, and automobiles. The TRAIN was implemented to generate funds for the Build Build Build (BBB) program and at the same time to address income inequality and poverty. This paper aims to assess the potential growth, poverty, and distributional effects of the TRAIN Package 1 and the BBB Program using a computable general equilibrium model with poverty simulation. Results suggest that TRAIN I has prompted additional revenue in social programs and …

Regulatory Changes, Board Monitoring And Earnings Management In Nigerian Financial Institutions, Ishaq Ahmed Ishaq Ahmed Mohammed, Ayoib Che-Ahmad, Mazrah Malek

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper explores the heterogeneity of board of directors and shareholders involvement in the audit committee in addressing the question of whether the board of directors and audit committee shareholders are effective in suppressing earnings management after the implementation of 2011 revised Code of Corporate Governance in Nigeria. The paper utilized data generated after the implementation of the new Code. It examines explicitly board effectiveness and audit committee shareholder chairman on earnings management in Nigerian financial institutions. The study utilizes a dynamic panel data model of the generalized method of moment (GMM) in analyzing the data. The empirical results suggest …

How Does The Thai Stock Market Respond To Monetary And Fiscal Policy Shocks?, Suthawan Prukumpai, Yuthana Sethapramote

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study examines the impacts of monetary and fiscal policy on the Thai stock market using the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model. In addition to the data on the market aggregate level, we also consider the response of stock prices at the sectoral level. The empirical results show that the Thai stock market significantly responds to both monetary policy and fiscal policy. However, monetary policy has stronger effects on both real output and stock prices than those of fiscal policy. Fiscal policy shocks affect the stock market only for the next two to three quarters. In addition, sector indices wereused …

Legal Setbacks, Disbursement Sudden Stops, And Fiscal Stimulus: An Empirical Characterization Of A Recent Philippine Fiscal Experience, Lawrence B. Dacuycuy, Mariel Monica R. Sauler

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Recognizing the importance of expanding fiscal spending programs and improving disbursement rates, the Aquino administration implemented the Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) in 2011. Acting as a fiscal stimulus but packing a fiscal surprise, the program has reportedly succeeded in improving fiscal expenditure performance until the Supreme Court stopped it based on constitutional grounds. While there were official claims that it was effective in spurring growth, no study has been offered to investigate plausible mechanisms leading to expansions in output. This study proposes the use ofa dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE)model to stochastically simulate and compute simple fiscal multipliers to understand …

Time-Varying Weather Effects On Thai Government Bond Returns, Anya Khanthavit

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study proposed a state-space model that allows time-varying weather effects on asset returns. It resolves the model misspecification of the unrealistic, fixed effect assumption commonly made by previous weather studies. The model was applied to examine the weather effects on Thai government bond returns from July 2, 2001, to December 30, 2015. Kalman filtering was used in the estimation. The study found that the weather effects were time-varying. They were wandering in the early sample period but disappearing in the later period. The effects were not co-integrated with the market’s inefficiency levels.

The Contributors, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Are Filipino Smokers More Sensitive To Cigarette Prices Due To The Sin Tax Reform Law?: A Difference-In-Difference Analysis, Myrna S. Austria, Jesson A. Pagaduan

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Employing a two-part estimation model using the Family Income Expenditure Survey before (2009) and after (2015) the tax reform, our study assessed the impact of the Philippine Sin Tax Reform Act (2012) on cigarette consumption and the responsiveness of cigarette consumption to price changes. The results are consistent with existing studies that cigarette consumption is price inelastic. The demand, however, has become less inelastic in the Philippines over the period 2009 to 2015, indicating a more responsive cigarette demand to price increases. Of the total effect of cigarette price increase on demand, the decrease in consumption by smokers (smoking intensity) …

The Role Of Fiscal Policy In A Natural Disaster-Prone Economy, Dickson Lim

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Theoretical work done on the macroeconomic impact of natural disasters has neglected the role of fiscal policy in stabilizing other sectors of the economy. Although inclusion of a public sector with a fiscal authority in macroeconomic models is common in the literature, most of these models assume that government expenditures are unproductive in that they do not accrue to anyone but the government. In reality, for a model that incorporates natural disaster and foreign aid, having a productive fiscal authority that produces public goods and services, as well as infrastructure, is necessary to capture the real effects of foreign aid …

Deep Habits And Taxes: A Simulation Study, Lawrence B. Dacuycuy

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Using a calibrated dynamic model that embeds endogenous fiscal policy tools, this note provides simulation evidence on the effectiveness of tax and fiscal spending policies in determining key macroeconomic outcomes. The model was chosen because newly imposed taxes in the Philippines have affected the prices of consumption varieties and plausibly because of deep habits, the pricing policies of firms have become dynamic. Building upon the seminal model of Ravn, Schmitt-Grohe, and Uribe (2006), this note shows that preference structures do have a key role to play in determining the response of private consumption to endogenous fiscal policy. Results show that …

Can Government Bond Replace Rational Bubbles? The Empirical Investigation On Singapore And Thailand, Athakrit Thepmongkol, Pichet Kaytanyaluk

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper aims to test the theoretical policy implication on rational bubbles. Many works, including Caballero and Krishnamurthy (2006), Kocherlakota (2009), and Martin and Ventura (2011), suggested that government bonds can rule out rational bubbles. We constructed our own bubble index using the Fourier transformation technique and, as a result, found the empirical support of the theory in the case of Singapore, but not in the case of Thailand. For the case of Singapore, the credibility in an ability to collect tax and the appropriate yield of government bonds are keys to the effectiveness of such the anti-bubble policy. Moreover, …

How Does Value Relevance Of Accounting Information React To Financial Crisis?, Karl Louis Eugenio, Rhobe Mitch Ailarie Parel, Katrina Marie Reyes, Keith Brian Yu, Cynthia Cudia

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The relevance of financial reports rests on the value relevance of accounting information. Since accounting information is value relevant only when used by investors to reflect stock valuations, it takes trust from the users of financial information over the financial statements. The heightened volatility of markets during periods of financial distress or crisis raises the imperative to determine the value of financial information during these periods. The great recession of 2008 also victimized East Asia, and firm strategies were influenced by resulting economic shocks. In this study, we aim to determine how value relevance of accounting information differ before, during, …

Impact Of Cash Holding On Foreign Institutional Holding In Large Manufacturing Companies In India: An Empirical Study, Souvik Banerjee

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Foreign institutions are playing a major role in a number of emerging market economies these days. In India, their investment acts as one of the cornerstones of market movement. In this research paper, it is explored whether cash holding levels have a bearing on the foreign institutional holding in large manufacturing companies in India. Various factors like size, profitability, growth opportunity, lifecycle, prior dividend payout, leverage,and so forth are controlled. Data is analyzed for a period of 16 years starting from the financial year 2000–01. The analysis is done in the form of panel data. The findings of the empirical …

Anticipating Aging And Prospecting Pension For Retirement Well-Being, Roberto E. Javier Jr., Mitzie Irene Conchada, Melvin Jabar

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Filipino young and middle-aged adults anticipate old age positively as it is a mark of achievement in human life but negatively apprehend living through their old age, given the high incidence of poverty among the elderly in the Philippines. The issues surrounding the insurance system, income security, and social pension in old age were all related to unfavorable views about living through the aging years. In-depth group interviews (IGIs) conducted across cities and municipalities in the countryside generated conceptions about aging and concerns about becoming old in a society with no strong social protection for its graying population. A qualitative …

Assessing The Poverty And Distributional Impact Of Alternative Rice Policies In The Philippines, Caesar B. Cororaton, Krista Danielle S. Yu

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Philippine domestic prices of rice are significantly higher than world prices for similar rice quality. The WTO- approved Philippine rice waiver, which allows the government to continue its quantitative restrictions on rice imports, sustains

the price gap in rice and prolongs the heavy burden on poor consumers who spend a significant amount of their income on rice. The results of rice policy simulations using a CGE model with poverty microsimulation indicate that a tariffication of the quantitative restrictions on rice imports, which maintains the level of protection to the local paddy farmers and the utilization of the generated revenue as …

Measuring Fiscal And Monetary Policies Spillovers In Asean, Thi Mai Lien Dau, Yuthana Sethapramote

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper aims to comprehensively examine fiscal and monetary policies spillovers to real GDP and inflation in ASEAN-5 countries. We examine the effects of shocks from each of the ASEAN members and advanced economies by employing the global vector autoregression (GVAR) model because it allows us to investigate this issue in a multinational system. The empirical results show several important findings. Generally, both internal and external fiscal and monetary spillovers have a significant effect on all ASEAN-5 countries, although internal monetary spillover seems to be stronger than internal fiscal spillovers. At country level, out of the five ASEAN countries, Indonesia’s …

On Implementation Delays, Marginal Costs And Price Dynamics: A Theoretical Note With Implications For The Philippines, Lawrence B. Dacuycuy, Mariel Monica Sauler, Dickson Lim

DLSU Business & Economics Review

It has been known that longer implementation delays in public investments result in sluggish accumulation of public capital. In models in which public capital determines firm productivity, the longer the duration of implementation delays, the

higher the marginal costs which, in a New Keynesian economy means higher price markups. Consequently, higher mark- ups may increase the inflation rate, leading to an appropriate monetary policy response. Using a dynamic stochastic general

equilibrium (DSGE) model, this theoretical note focuses on the relationships among government investments, firm pricing policy, and monetary policy. It addresses some aspects of public investment, and through simulations, characterizes …

Editor's Note, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Modifying The “Generalized Exactly Additive Decomposition” Decomposition”Of Gdp And Aggregate Labor Productivity Growth In Practice For Consistency With Theory, Jesus C. Dumagan

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

The generalized exactly additive decomposition (GEAD) of GDP and aggregate labor productivity (ALP) growth, originated by Tang and Wang (2004), is gaining attention in the literature and acceptance in practice. This paper shows, however, that the original GEAD is not always consistent with the “theory” that aggregate GDP growth is pure quantity growth and ALP growth depends only on productivity and labor share changes. This paper modifies the original GEAD for consistency, subject to certain requirement, depending on the GDP quantity index that in current practice is either (1) chained Laspeyres, (2) direct Laspeyres, or (3) chained Fisher. GEAD employs …

Development Of A Composite Lean Index To Measure Lean Implementation In Philippine Manufacturing Companies, Willy F. Zalatar, Anna Bella D. Siriban-Manalang

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Lean manufacturing has been gaining worldwide popularity as a means of reducing waste, improving quality, and increasing the competitiveness of manufacturing firms. This paper aims to develop a composite lean index (CLI) which can be used to measure the degree of lean adoption in Philippine manufacturing companies. The lean index employs actual quantitative data, rather than subjective assessment, which is more prevalent in the literature. Fifteen performance indicators divided into process and equipment, manufacturing planning and control, human resources, and supplier and customer relationships are proposed and then validated using empirical data. Results showed that a CLI, which yields a …

The Contributors, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

No abstract provided.

Stability And Resilience Of Equity Markets Amidst The 2008 Global Financial Crisis: Islamic Versus Conventional Markets, M. Shabri Abd. Majid

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The objective of this study is to empirically explore the impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis on both Islamic and conventional equity markets of Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, the UK, and the US. Daily closing indices, spanning from July 2007 to July 2011, were utilized and analyzed using cointegration technique and impulse response functions. The study found that the conventional equity markets performed marginally poorer than their Islamic counterparts during the 2008 global financial crisis. This finding implied that the Islamic equity markets were more stable and resilient than the conventional equity markets amidst the crisis period.

Acculturative Products Uniqueness Antecedence For Successful Marketing Performance, Gita Sugiyarti, Augusty Tae Ferdinand, Tatiek Nurchayati

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The purpose of this study is to mediate the influence of market sensing capabilities on the marketing performance by proposing acculturative products uniqueness that mediate the gap between market sensing capabilities and improvement of marketing performance. The sample data from 160 small and medium enterprises of batik, ceramics, and interior design in Indonesia were used to test the model consisting of four hypotheses. The statistical tests in our model used four variables: market sensing capabilities, product innovation, acculturative products uniqueness, and marketing performance. The results of the data show that acculturative products uniqueness has an important role in improving marketing …

The Effect Of Global Financial Crisis On Asean Growth: Evidence From Stock Market Analysis, Siti Muliana Samsi, Zarinah Yusof, Kee-Cheok Cheong

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study empirically examines the effects of the global financial crisis on economic growth through a model that considers various sectoral indices, with particular reference to the stock market, bank, and real estate. Using analysis of cointegration, parsimonious error correction model (PECM), impulse response function (IRF) and variance decomposition analysis (VDC), the study found that the effect of the global financial crisis on growth differs among ASEAN-5 countries. The PECM analysis reveals that the crisis has the real effect on the stock market and bank equations. Three out of five ASEAN countries show that the global financial crisis has a …