Economics Commons^™

Bachelor's Degrees And Earnings In The Mountain West, 2022, Anthony Arroyo, Sydney Mitchell, Lara Karaalp, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Higher Education

This fact sheet presents 2022 data on the median annual earnings of bachelor's degree holders for specific fields of degrees (FODs) across the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. This fact sheet also examines the share and earnings of individuals with less than a bachelor’s degree compared to bachelor’s degree holders in the three Mountain West metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) appearing among the 30 largest MSAs in the United States: Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ; Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO; and Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV. The “Field of Bachelor's Degree in the United States: 2022” report from the U.S. Census Bureau …

Entrepreneurial Identity And Small Business Performance In An Emerging Nation: The Role Of Effectuation In South Africa, Justice Muchineripi, Willie Chinyamurindi

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study explores the link between entrepreneurial identity and subjective business performance in South African small businesses, focusing on the mediating role of effectuation. Using data from 380 small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape, the study responds to calls for research that integrates individual and contextual factors in entrepreneurship. Findings which emerged in the study showed that social identity was not significantly linked to subjective performance, spiritual and business identity positively predict positive subjective performance. There was no evidence of effectuation mediation on entrepreneur identity and subjective performance. The research underscores the importance of understanding identity’s …

Federal Funding In The Mountain West, 2021-2024, Isabelle G. Graham, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Elections & Governance

This fact sheet presents data on the number of federal funding awards granted to the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah between 2021 and 2024. These awards include investments authorized under major federal legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), CHIPS and Science Act, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), among other programs tracked by Invest.gov. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) will see funding for these programs sunsetted (terminated as the above legislation expires).

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure And Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence From Vietnam, Nguyen T. Tran, Nhung T. Le, Tung D. Nguyen

Economic and Business Review

This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and firm performance, with particular attention to CSR's role as a mitigating mechanism during periods of economic crisis, notably the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a unique hand-collected dataset comprising CSR disclosures from Vietnamese publicly listed firms in the VNR500 index between 2014 and 2021, the analysis employs both accounting-based (return on equity) and market-based (Tobin's Q) performance indicators. The empirical findings indicate a positive association between CSR disclosure and firm performance across both measures. Disaggregated analysis reveals that governance-related disclosures significantly enhance market valuation, whereas the presence of a …

The Effect Of Disaggregated Country Risk On Foreign Portfolio Investment Flows In South Africa, Paul-Francois Muzindutsi, Tristan Kyle Govender, Nokwanda Nkwanyana, Sanelisiwe Zulu, Nondumiso Myeni, Sinegugu Khuzwayo, Fikile Dube

Economic and Business Review

This study explores the relationship between disaggregated country risk and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) flows in South Africa, focusing on both the long-run and short-run effects of economic, financial, and political country risk measures on net foreign purchases of shares (NFPS) and net foreign purchases of bonds (NFPB) during the period from 1995 to 2019. We employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models to assess the relationships between the variables. The results indicate that all disaggregated country risk measures have a long-run effect on NFPS and NFPB, and the impacts of these risks are asymmetric. …

Efek Program Pendampingan Umkm Terhadap Performa Ketahanan Pendapatan Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Umkm : Studi Kasus Program Jakpreneur Dki Jakarta, Farah Khoirur Fadhila, Muhammad Hanri

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

This study discusses the effects of assistance program with business digitalization features, on the income resilience and labor absorption of the assisted MSMEs, case study of DKI Jakarta’s JakPreneur Program. Observation data from 2017-2021 tested business resilience under time and economic crisis challenge, cause of pandemic. Treatment group is 31 respondents of JakPreneur members who had participated since 2017 or 2018. Control group is SAKERNAS data from 2017-2021. The result shows that treatment groups had lower incomes but were able to retain workers compared to control groups. Their low income is due to limitations in implementing business digitalization and accounting.

Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Insentif Fiskal Terhadap Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (Tkdn) Industri Manufaktur Di Indonesia, Muhammad Muhammad, Riyanto Riyanto

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

Over the last decade, the manufacturing sector's contribution to Indonesia's economy has declined. In 2010, it was 29.10% of GDP, but by 2022, it had dropped to 19.14%. Employment in the sector also fell, from 14.91% of the workforce in 2010 to 13.80% in 2022. To reverse this trend, the government introduced a policy to boost the Domestic Component Level (DCL) in manufacturing. By offering fiscal incentives to industries meeting certain DCL targets, the government aims to drive economic growth and job creation. A study using BPS data from 2008-2019 shows that this policy raised DCL by 23.5%.

Regulatory Impacts On Us Hazardous Waste Exports, Xiaofan Ji, Mengyu Wang, Tianyi Zhang

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

This paper examines the impact of key domestic and international regulations on US hazardous waste exports, focusing on shifts in export destinations and waste types from 2002 to 2023. Since 2005, OECD countries and US Trade Agreement Partners have become primary destinations for US hazardous waste, with significant surges after 2018 and a notable decline in 2022. An analysis of the regulatory landscape reveals that, while international frameworks such as the Basel Convention of 2021 have had a relatively limited impact on reducing US hazardous waste exports, domestic policies—particularly those in California—have more directly influenced export behaviors. Additionally, the US …

Horses And The Transition From Feudalism To Capitalism., Thomas E. Lambert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Many scholarly articles and books have been written about the transition from feudalism to capitalism over the decades. The various points of views on what is the “main driver” or “prime mover” of the transition have been debated in various forums by historians and economic historians with a different major factor being advocated by different proponents or schools of thought. This paper tries to offer another analysis of how the horse could have been an important “means to an end” in the development of capitalism, and this analysis possibly can lead to support for more than one view of what …

Speculative Bubbles In The Recent Ai Boom: Nasdaq And The Magnificent Seven, Rerotlhe B. Basele, Peter C. B. Phillips, Shuping Shi

Research Collection School Of Economics

The recent artificial intelligence (AI) boom covers a period of rapid innovation and wide adoption of AI intelligence technologies across diverse industries. These developments have fueled an unprecedented frenzy in the Nasdaq, with AI-focused companies experiencing soaring stock prices that raise concerns about speculative bubbles and real-economy consequences. Against this background, this study investigates the formation of speculative bubbles in the Nasdaq stock market with a specific focus on the so-called Magnificent Seven (Mag-7) individual stocks during the AI boom, spanning the period from January 2017 to January 2025. We apply the real-time PSY bubble detection methodology of Phillips et …

The Cost Of Capital Calculation In The Project Finance Settings, Paweł Mielcarz, Dmytro Osiichuk, Adrian Struciński

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

The paper aims at elucidating and solving the methodological problems around the estimation of the cost of capital in the project finance settings. By convention, capital budgeting analysts evaluate project finance ventures using the free cash flow for equity (FCFE) method, whereby cash flows, including cash, whose distribution is limited by debt covenants, are discounted with the project’s cost of equity. We argue that this approach is erroneous. From the standpoint of the sponsor company, only distributable cash flows should be taken into consideration when evaluating project finance ventures. In turn, the discount rate should be equal to the weighted …

Nba Player Types And Salaries: Assessing The Disparities In Pay, Nick Riccardi, Rodney J. Paul

Sport Management - All Scholarship

The purpose of this study was to identify player types that exist in the modern National Basketball Association (NBA), test whether player types are paid differently controlling for performance and other factors and construct successful rosters with cheaper payrolls.
We collected performance statistics and salary data for players and teams across five seasons (2018-19 to 2022-23). Cluster analysis is leveraged to group together player-seasons to identify the player types that exist in the NBA. Linear regression models are run to test for differences in pay by cluster membership while controlling for performance, age, and contractual details. Linear programming simulation models …

Impact Of Accounting Information Systems And Islamic Organizational Culture On Information Quality, Oelma Arfannur Azizi, Busra Busra, Marjulin Marjulin

Arab Economic and Business Journal

Amid growing demands for transparency and accuracy in financial management, an effective Accounting Information System plays a crucial role in ensuring that financial data is accurately. However, the implementation of such technology must be supported by a strong organizational culture,. The method employed in this research is a quantitative approach, utilizing inferential statistics to explain the impact of various research variables. The statistical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling -. The results of this study indicate that both the Accounting Information System and Islamic Organizational Culture have a positive and significant impact on the quality of accounting information

Family Ties: Nba Draft Position And Player Performance, Nick Riccardi, Rodney J. Paul

Sport Management - All Scholarship

This study aims to investigate the role, if any, that nepotism plays in the careers of players in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Career performance is compared between the 780 players drafted from 2007-2019 with familial relationships considered. Ordinary Least Squares and logistic regression models are specified to estimate the effect of having a relative on the success of an NBA player’s career. We find that siblings of NBA players earn more and reach minimum games played thresholds more often, while sons of NBA players earn more, but generally do not reach games played thresholds more often than similarly-drafted peers.

Housing Crisis Outlook In Mountain West Metros, 2023, Kian Parikh, Yiselle Olivas Ruiz, Ivan Sun, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Housing & Real Estate

This fact sheet presents 2023 data on housing market conditions in seven large metros across the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The Lending Tree report, “Portland, Ore., Has Worst Housing Crisis Outlook – Here’s Why,” includes data on the 100 largest metros in the U.S. This fact sheet focuses on housing crisis outlook data for Mountain West metros appearing among the largest 100 metros in the nation: Phoenix, AZ; Tucson, AZ; Colorado Springs, CO; Denver, CO; Las Vegas, NV; Albuquerque, NM; and Salt Lake City, UT.

Trump Administration Trade Policy: A Historical Perspective And Key Questions & Takeaways, Matthew P. Schaefer

Yeutter Institute International Trade Policy Review

Offers a historical perspective with key questions and takeaways about the Trump Administration's trade policy. Covers the periods of the first Trump Presidency (2017-2021), the Biden Administration (2021-2025), and the second Trump Administration (2025-).

Low Beta Anomaly In Some European Emerging Markets, Tadeusz Winkler-Drews, Mateusz Mogilski

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

The aim of the study was to identify the low beta anomaly and analyse the causes of its occurrence in five European emerging markets that were components of the MSCI Emerging Markets Europe index in the period 2010–2019. It was hypothesized that the determinants of the low beta anomaly in the analysed markets are factors from at least two of the three categories of variables. Using the Betting Against Beta model proposed by A. Frazzini and L. H. Pedersen (2014), we found that this phenomenon was not identified in three markets, but occurred in the remaining two markets, for which …

Factors Influencing The Performance Of Farmer-Producer Organizations (Fpos) And Their Societal Impact In Tamil Nadu, Arjune S

Theses and Dissertations

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are formed mainly for the farmers to have better institutional access to acquire them. They are also under the inspiration of the director's abstinence and the incentive of getting more money. These are socio-psychological individual differences and thus of importance to markets, the perception of markets, and market relevance of group interaction. Self-esteem, attitude to participation in group activities, and willingness to participate in these types of activities are of some significance for his/her performance because they have an effect on their performance afterward.

Farmer social empowerment increased but not farmer economic empowerment did so much …

Impact Of Exchange Traded Funds (Etf) Holdings On Retail Investors’ Mutual Fund Portfolios Performance, Arunachalam R Mr

Theses and Dissertations

As evidenced by the practices passed down through generations the importance of savings and investments is well established in Indian culture. Indian investors consider investment as an essential commitment to financial sustainability and safeguarding dependents. Indians implement investment strategies during their working years to ensure long term financial security and support for future generations.

These cultural practices support the foundation of personal finance in India and well established financial theories (MPT, CAPM and EMH) guide optimising investment outcomes (SEBI, 2020). The effects of inflation and increased life expectancy made Indian investors aware of the need for a substantial financial corpus …

Real Earnings Management Among Industries: Does Market Competition Matter?, Michał Comporek

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

This paper investigates real earnings management (REM) practices in public non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) from 2014 to 2023, focusing on sectoral differences and the influence of market competition. REM, defined as deviations from normal business operations aimed at manipulating reported earnings, can distort financial information and harm long-term firm value. This study contributes to the existing literature in two key ways. First, it examines variations in abnormal levels of production costs, sales, and discretionary expenditures – REM proxies based on Roychowdhury’s methodology – across sectors classified according to the WSE’s industry framework. This sectoral classification, …

Bank Stocks And Roosevelt’S Bank Holiday, Marc Weidenmier, Angela Vossmeyer, Nathan Stella, Oncel Aldanmaz

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Roosevelt’s Bank Holiday in March 1933 aimed to halt bank runs and implement licensing for banks. Using a new hand-collected daily database, we examine how bank stocks and bond markets responded to this sweeping regulation. We find that New York City banks saw significant negative abnormal returns, while Chicago banks experienced positive returns, highlighting regional differences in perceptions of the policy. Corporate bond yields fell by 1.4 percentage points, lowering interest rates. Our findings show how markets reacted differently across regions and asset classes to this critical intervention.

Falling Short In The Digital Age: Evaluating The Performance Of Data Center Etfs, Davinder K. Malhotra, Ivar Kirkhorn, Frank Ragone

School of Business Faculty Papers

This study evaluates the performance of U.S. data center Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) relative to major equity and technology benchmarks, using monthly returns from January 2000 through December 2024, with particular emphasis on the COVID-19 period and the subsequent post-vaccine era. Data center ETFs have not provided better risk-adjusted returns even though they are often advertised as access points to the digital economy. Digital infrastructure demand increased through the pandemic but did not improve the performance of these funds which stayed weak across both traditional and conditional multi-factor asset pricing models. These ETFs struggle with asset selection and market timing proficiency, …

Management Behavior Required For Creating Social Value In The Uae, André De Waal, Meerna Mroueh

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study explores how specific managerial behaviors support social value creation in UAE-based Takaful organizations. Using the High-Performance Organization (HPO) framework - particularly the Management Quality factor - it analyzes data from 230 questionnaires and 59 interviews. Findings show strengths in trust and relationship-building, but weaknesses in decision-making, leadership effectiveness, and performance management. Compared to national and global HPO benchmarks, the case organizations scored lower, indicating cultural and organizational barriers. The study offers industry-specific recommendations and presents a practical approach for measuring the alignment between managerial behaviors and ESG, CSR, and EDI goals in Islamic financial institutions.

The “Sweetest Sounding” Words Of Civil Rights: A Labor Origin Story Of The “Right To Work”, Thomas A. Castillo

History

This essay revisits the idea of “right to work” by offering historical context of Florida’s passage of its 1944 right to work constitutional amendment. A brief overview of the history of the term right to work and its contested nature indicates how the phrase likely led to confusion especially in the arena of political economy. A close evaluation of the amendment and its incongruent nature reveals the intent of its proponents was to deceive voters with the “sweetest sounding” words of civil rights while weakening their ability to organize labor unions. The history of safeguarding the free market entailed disciplining …

Rooted In Roses: The Blossoming Legacy Of Tyler's Floral Economy, Manuel Reyes-Loya, Cecilia Cuellar

Hibbs Brief

This brief examines Tyler, Texas's rose industry and its impact on the local economy and culture. Once the “Rose Capital of America,” Tyler transitioned from large-scale rose production to a focus on processing, distribution, and community traditions like festivals. The rose industry has played a key role in regional employment, economic growth, and maintaining Tyler's cultural identity.

Constructing A State: Canals And The Transformation Of The Economy, Politics, And Finance In Nineteenth-Century New York, Youwei Xing

All Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays in economic history, unified by a focus on one of America's earliest transportation infrastructures, the canal system, in nineteenth-century New York. Each chapter explores a different aspect of the state's transformation: its economy, politics, and finance, each of which helped construct New York as the Empire State.

The first chapter studies the economic impact of canals on economic modernization from three aspects: sectoral transition, urbanization, and banking development. Contrary to much of the modern literature finds transportation infrastructure leads to decentralization, I find the opposite-evidence of centralization. Specially: (1) canal towns experienced a transition …

Where Intangibles Travel: Essays On The Tax-Motivated Geography Of Innovation And Capital, Xuerui Kou

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

This dissertation explores how taxation and institutional environments shape the global strategies of United States multinational enterprises (MNEs), with a particular focus on intangible assets and the cross-border allocation of innovation. Positioned at the intersection of international trade, public economics, and innovation studies, the three chapters collectively examine firm responses to international tax incentives and regulatory asymmetries.

Chapter 1 introduces the motivation and theoretical foundations of the dissertation, reviews related literature, and outlines the core research questions and empirical strategies. It highlights the increasing policy and academic interest in the geographic mobility of intangible capital, particularly in the context of …

Sustainability: Buzz Word Or Future Of Fashion? Measuring The Feasibility Of Outright Sustainability Among Fast Fashion’S Biggest Agents, Ryan Miller

Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

The fashion industry is currently experiencing unsustainable rates of pollution within its supply chains. The rapid increase in demand for short lead times perpetrated by large-scale retailers has led to hazardous practices negatively affecting both the environmental conditions and working conditions of producing countries. With this increased pressure, relationships between brands and suppliers have become untenable. Limited transparency and imbalanced power dynamics at the hand of the industry’s leading retailers require restructuring in order to build more sustainable and equitable supply-chain practices. Further, governmental regulation is currently limited in its capacity to enforce sustainable business practices on a global …

Is R&D Rivalry Slowing The Growth Of Productive Firms?, Yoshiki Ando, James Bessen, Xiupeng Wang

Research Collection School Of Economics

The reallocation of jobs to more productive firms is a substantial component of aggregate productivity growth, yet job reallocation rates have declined substantially in the United States. This paper explores the hypothesis that greater technological rivalry has exacerbated adjustment costs, slowing reallocation. Using microdata at the US Census and estimates of technological rivalry in firm growth regressions, we find that technological rivalry slows firm responses to productivity shocks. Firms do not expand as rapidly in the face of higher obsolescence risk. Estimating counterfactual firm growth from 1997-2018, we find that growing technological rivalry accounts for most of the decline in …

Japan’S Military Transformation In Abe Era: A Revolution Or Something Else?, Ganesh Aji Wicaksono, Tangguh Chairil

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

After the World War II, Japan has been adopting a pacifist Constitution and established the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) for narrow self-defense operations. The JSDF are restricted from having offensive military weapons. However, Japan’s pacifism and restrained security policy have been evolving recently, especially during the term of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (2012-2020). The latest example is Japan’s plan to enable forward defense and counterstrike. This paper explores the transformation of Japan’s military through the revolution of military affairs (RMA) concept. The findings suggest evolutionary transformation of Japan’s military rather than revolutionary. The factors explored include international and domestic factors. …