Counselor Education Commons^™

#Narctalk: Analysis Of Perceptions Of Personality Disorders In Tiktok Content, Amanda C. Dediego, Auna Nelson, Feven Seifu, Amanda D. Tracy, Madeline Grubb, R.J. Schoen

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Integrating Death Education Into Asynchronous Online Counselor Training, Kara E. Wolff

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Online counselor education has grown exponentially, with a greater number of courses being offered in an asynchronous format. This presents challenges and opportunities for counseling training in death education, a subset of grief counseling. Death anxiety and death avoidance can result in counselors-in-training's disengagement with strictly didactic materials in this area. Instead, death education must offer opportunities for experiential processing and personal reflection to be effective. Specific teaching strategies that foster the development of death acceptance and death competence within asynchronous online counselor education courses are offered.

Clinicians’ Reflections On Explainable Ai (Xai) In Counselor Education And Diagnostic Training: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Kuo Deng, Xiaomeng Ye, Yi Li-Brown, Cara Miles, Angelina F. Pennino

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Current approaches to teaching clinical diagnosis in counselor education and supervision often

rely on self-reports, brief vignettes, and supervisors’ recollections—methods that can be resource- intensive and prone to bias, contributing to diagnostic inaccuracy among trainees. While artificial

intelligence (AI) has gained traction in healthcare, many machine learning (ML) models function as “black boxes,” limiting transparency and educator trust. Explainable AI (XAI), which focuses on making AI processes interpretable, offers a potential solution for counselor training. This exploratory qualitative study examined eight licensed psychologists’ reflections after viewing a live demonstration of an original XAI model trained to predict depression. Using Reflexive …

Toward A Triadic Therapeutic Alliance: Understanding Client, Therapist, And Ai Relational Processes In Counseling, Jennifer Young

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Artificial intelligence (AI) is integrated into counseling through chatbots, digital companions, and clinical decision-support tools. This integration challenges traditional models of the therapeutic alliance, which have historically centered on the dyadic relationship between client and therapist. To address this gap, the Triadic Therapeutic Alliance (TTA) Model of Client-Therapist-AI Relational Dynamics offers a new framework for understanding how relational processes unfold when AI becomes an active participant in therapy. The model extends alliance theory into a triadic structure that includes the client-AI and therapist-AI relationships alongside the traditional human alliance. Drawing on research in human-computer interaction and ethical frameworks of trust …

Exploring Chatgpt As A Simulated Client: A Feasibility Study In Undergraduate Counselor Training, Kayla E. Hayes, Rebecca L. Wilson, Joshua Wilson

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities for simulation-based counselor training by enabling scalable, text-based interactions that mimic human dialogue. This exploratory feasibility study examined whether ChatGPT can serve as a simulated counseling client and feedback provider for undergraduate students learning counseling skills. Five upperclassmen completed a 45–60-minute text-based session with ChatGPT portraying “Sarah,” a college student experiencing depression and loneliness, followed by AI feedback and a semi-structured interview. Trained raters judged ChatGPT’s client portrayal and feedback as generally accurate, particularly for tone, empathy, and identification of students’ strengths. Accuracy was lower for rapport, summarizing, and pacing characteristic of an …

The Digital Tightrope: Navigating Social Media Ethics In Counseling, Kaitlynn Cornell-Mullane

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Social media has become deeply integrated into both personal and professional lives, yet the use by counseling professionals remains underexplored. This study investigated how various roles within the counseling field experience and utilize social media in their professional development, identity formation, and ethical practice. A qualitative online survey was utilized to collect data from counseling professionals (N = 20). Findings revealed six themes: (1) Conflicting Perspectives on Client Social Media Use and Engagement, (2) Personal Discomfort and Ethical Ambiguity, (3) Counselors’ Varied Approaches of Social Media Use, (4) Social Media Use for Professional Development, (5) Mixed Perspectives on Social Media …

Generative Artificial Intelligence In Counselor Development: Examining Systemic Influences On Training, Lauren Dollarhide, Leo Gonzalez Jr., Rachel M. Smith

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

The use of large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (e.g., ChatGPT, AI-assisted supervision platforms, and AI-powered role-play simulations) in counselor education is changing the way counselors-in-training (CITs) are trained and has both risks and benefits for the field. This conceptual article applied Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to evaluate the impact of these technologies at multiple levels within the counseling training environment. The microsystem is described as the interactions between CITs and the AI they use to support their training experiences (e.g., AI-based learning tools, role-playing simulations). The mesosystem refers to the movement of AI across different …

Simulation-Based Education In A Counseling Skills Course: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study, Alexandra Gantt-Howrey, Hana Shewamoltot Meshesha, Renyi Huang, Elizabeth A. Doughty Horn, Renee Howells, Adenike Ololade Adedapo

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Simulation-based education (SBE) is a technique that introduces students to real-world experiences (Gaba, 2004) in a safe way (Holmes et al., 2023). Scholars have suggested that SBE may be a promising means of enhancing counselor education (e.g., Pope & Hilliard, 2024). We recruited a sample of N = 12 counseling skills students who completed up to 12 simulation-based education (SBE) activities using Simucase (2025) across one semester. We conducted an embedded, qualitatively-driven mixed methods pilot study (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017) to understand participants’ perspectives on and impacts of the SBE activities on their perceived counseling self-efficacy and multicultural competence. …

Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence To Effectively Implement School Counseling Interventions And Programs, Jeffrey M. Warren

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Academic and mental health concerns persist in K-12 schools across the country. School counselors play a central role in addressing these issues and supporting the academic success, social/emotional development, and college and career readiness of all students. However, school counselors face numerous barriers when promoting student success. Making matters worse, emerging literature suggests that school counselors lack a clear understanding of how to implement programs and interventions effectively. Artificial intelligence can play a vital role in helping school counselors deliver effective and efficient services. This article provides overviews of implementation science and generative artificial intelligence. A case example and analysis …

Becoming A Beloved Community: A Restorative Reckoning For A Radical Conversion To Transform Discourse In Higher Education, Latasha Tomay Varlack-Butler

Dissertations

This dissertation critically examines the misappropriation of Restorative Justice Discourse (RJD) within three predominantly white institutions (PWIs), analyzing 59 institutional documents through Critical Discourse Analysis, Relational Critical Discourse Analysis, and Rhetorical Criticism (Fairclough, 1995; Vaandering, 2021; van Dijk, 2008). Tribal Colleges and Universities and South African institutions have emerged as exemplars of authentic RJD, countering co-optation within PWIs. The findings demonstrate that RJD as applied in PWIs is framed in ways that attenuate its transformative potential, perpetuating color-evasiveness (Bonilla-Silva, 2017) and obscuring the intersectional experiences of Black, Indigenous, and disabled communities (Crenshaw, 1991; Million, 2009).

Grounded in decolonial praxis (Smith, …

Assessing Impacts Of A Hybrid Orientation On Counseling Students’ Self-Efficacy, Candice R. Clark, Arien K. Muzacz, April Lague

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

This manuscript presents results from a quantitative exploratory study of how a faculty-led hybrid orientation impacted the self-efficacy and readiness to engage in hybrid learning of incoming master’s students in a nationally-accredited counseling program in the U.S. Median difference analyses did not indicate that participants’ post-orientation scores differed significantly on the measures used to assess self-efficacy (i.e., CSES, PEU, LMSE). While participants’ self-efficacy ratings did not change significantly as a result of orientation activities, scores for 89% of participants increased or stayed the same. Implications for future research and for the preparation of graduate students in pre-professional programs with a …

Counseling In Virtual Spaces And Into The Metaverse: A Framework For Reflection, Conversation, And Future Scholarship, Staci Hayes, Yahyahan Aras, Kathy Caputo, James Hoag, Lindsay Ibos, Sania Khan, Kelly Smith

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Given the success of Virtual Reality (VR) in the gaming community and strides in mental health, both VR and the Metaverse provide limitless opportunities and possibilities in the field of counseling. This article aims to provide important definitions, an overview of the use of VR in clinical counseling, clinical supervision, counselor education and its potential emergence into the Metaverse. Implications are presented in hopes of prompting conversation on how we may accept technological and cultural shifts and remain true to our counseling roots. Specifically, how to maximize the potential benefits with counseling specific rationale and address the limitations and potential …

Building A Virtual Residency: One Program’S Journey, Susan F. Branco, Nathaniel Mason, Rebecca G. Scherer, Heidi L. Henry, Regina Moro

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

The majority of CACREP accredited online counselor education programs are limited residency distance learning programs. Including a residency experience in online programs can help foster community, increase student engagement, and teach important skills needed to be an effective counselor, including counseling and advocacy skills. In this article, the authors describe one program’s approach to developing a two-day virtual residency program in combination with a concurrent course utilizing the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competency framework. Roleplays, guest presenters, and counseling skills instruction and practice were utilized in the residency program. Student feedback, implications, limitations, and future directions are also discussed.

Having Fun While Enhancing Student Engagement: Creative Approaches In Online Learning, Rachel P. Jacoby, Shreya Vaishnav, Cristen Wathen

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

This article explores various creative approaches to integrate into online counselor education classrooms. Creative approaches to learning help encourage students to be involved in classroom discussions or activities; while enhancing their critical thinking skills, professional development, and inclusivity within the classroom. This article explores the intention behind integrating creative approaches into online learning and offers several resources that instructors can use in their online classrooms.

Grief Counseling Skills: Supporting Students In A Virtual Residency, Susan F. Branco, Rebecca G. Scherer

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Grief counseling is an important skillset for professional counselors. Two counselor educators in an online counseling program describe how they incorporated grief counseling coursework within a virtual residency. They followed grief counseling instruction best practices to facilitate skills training with students. The virtual residency also included skills practices, grief counseling role plays, and guest speakers with grief expertise. Wellness considerations to support students throughout the course and residency are also described.

Teaching Anti-Oppressive Lifespan Development Online Through A Cultural And Contextual Lens, Karen M. Roller, Kelly Coker

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Lifespan Development is a required content area for both CACREP accreditation and licensure boards. Historically centered theories of development are born out of work and research conducted by Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) theorists, so therefore are presented to students through a very narrow and biased cultural lens, often with oppressive implications. Implementing innovative, interactive, culture- and context-promoting inclusive strategies in synchronous and asynchronous learning environments is both relevant and necessary for future counselors to consider how their integration of updated lifespan development theories informs their clinical practice. This article presents inclusive applications that leverage online relational strategies …

Increasing Access And Success In Online Education For Students With Disabilities, William H. Snow, Karen M. Roller, Wendy Wade, Jared W. Snow

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Counselor educators are legally and ethically required to support individuals with disabilities in their courses. While this presentation focuses on visual and auditory impairments, all students benefit when accommodations and adaptations support a wide range of learning styles. The authors provide web accessibility principles and guidelines and operationalize practical suggestions for coursework. Off-the-shelf assistive technologies are readily available to support learners. Educators are encouraged to test course materials using assistive technologies to better understand how students with disabilities experience their courses.

Fostering A Sense Of Social Connectedness For Minoritized Students And Faculty In Online Learning, Shreya Vaishnav, Angélica Galván, Taewon Kim

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Faculty and students with minoritized identities face additional systemic and social barriers such as disconnection from colleagues, inability to discern body language, and gap in communication. This paper addresses some of these barriers as well as provides practical strategies and resources for faculty and students to develop social connectedness in online learning environments. Strategies are provided for allies to support and foster change in online academic environments to build social connections and belongingness.

Development And Assessment Of Counselor Dispositions In Online Counselor Education, Jill Brue, Cayla Bland

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Counselor education programs are charged with the development and assessment of counselor dispositions and values. However, there are challenges in promoting and assessing counselor dispositions in an online platform. This article reviews the counselor dispositions and values that are typically promoted in counselor education to produce a healthy and productive personal and professional identity. Strategies will be considered for instructor/student engagement, development of counselor dispositions through intentional assignments, and dispositional assessment in distance learning, as well as the identification and remediation of disposition deficits.

Counseling Womxn: Teaching Intersectional Issues In Women's Mental Health, Megan Speciale, Margaret Lamar

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

This paper was presented at the 2023 Counselor Education and Distance Learning Conference. In this paper, the authors describe the use of intersectional feminist pedagogy (IFP) in teaching an online, synchronous course on intersectional women's mental health, entitled Counseling Womxn, which addresses issues pertinent to the mental and emotional health of women across diverse cultural and demographic backgrounds. The authors describe the key tenets of IFP and its application to teaching women’s issues in counseling, detail the planning and development of the course, and discuss their use of collaborative teaching. The authors also discuss the unique considerations of using IFP …

Supervision 2.0: Culturally Competent And Creative Online Supervision Practices, Lucy C. Parker-Barnes, Suzy Wise, Shoon Lio, Courtney Rowley, Jessica Mcdannel, Sabrina Starts, Matthew Sprong

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

The below documentation is an analysis of online integrative based supervision ideas with multicultural considerations. Various interventions with supervisees, which are aimed for supervisee reflective growth and client beneficence, are also discussed. Following Integrated Supervision Framework (ISF) description, a case vignette introducing reflective and inclusive online strategies is described. Future issues potentially affecting consideration of online supervision will also be described.

Humanistic Pedagogy In Online Counselor Education, Donna Sheperis, Caroline Perjessy

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

This article explores the integration of humanistic pedagogy in online counselor education. Humanistic pedagogy, based on the affirmation of the dignity of every human being, allows the educational experience to be student-centered and focused on crafting dignity and autonomy of the adult learner. The article presents specific class activities to showcase humanistic opportunities within online counselor education, aiming to increase presence, encourage students to bring real-life experiences into the online classroom, and promote the wellness of the whole person. The integration of humanistic pedagogy in online counselor education is a promising approach that can benefit both students and instructors alike

Teaching Group Counseling In An Online Intensive Format, Alexander T. Becnel, Gerald Corey

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Abstract

Online education continues to grow in popularity each year. Although more counselor education programs offer online coursework, few articles discuss teaching strategies for online group work courses. We proposed, developed, and piloted a model for teaching group work in an online intensive format. In this article, we discuss the structure, components, and rationale of this model as well as the perceived benefits and challenges. We also provide recommendations for those who want to teach group work online.

Training Counselors Using Virtual Reality, Courtney M. Holmes, Fatima Tariq, Karena Heyward, Denise Hall

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to expand experiential learning opportunities in counselor education. This article discusses how semi- and immersive VR can provide students a diverse range of experiences to increase both counseling skill and empathy development for clients with a myriad of identities, diagnoses, and presenting counseling issues. Suggestions and implications for counselor education are discussed.

Moving Towards An Anti-Racist Curriculum: Student And Counselor Educator Advocacy, Susan F. Branco, Sarah Karges, Whitney Swann, Lizzie O'Leary

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Examination and exploration of anti-racism practices in counselor education has resurged in the past several years. This conference proceeding will describe how one online counselor education program paired student and faculty collaboration to address anti-racism in core curriculum. Through an online town hall and weekly advocacy meetings, counselor educators and students devised and implemented an advocacy plan. Discussion includes ethical decision-making and advocacy actions undertaken as a collaborative student and faculty effort.

Dynamics Of Online Engagement: Counseling Students’ Experiences And Perceptions In Distance Learning, Jungeun Lee, Donghun Lee, Sojeong Nam, Jeongwoon Jeong, Goeun Na

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

In this article, the authors present counseling students’ personal accounts of their experiences in distance education with a focus on online engagement based on an extensive review of the counseling literature. In addition, an evaluation tool was introduced for gathering qualitative and quantitative information regarding patterns of instructor engagement efforts and styles. Facilitating factors for experiential online learning were also identified from the students’ perceptions of online learning experience. Finally, the results were used to make specific recommendations for counselor educators to enhance their teaching efficacy and engagement.

Incorporating Multiculturalism And Social Justice Into Synchronous Online Courses, Debra M. Perez Phd, Tricia M. Mikolon Phd

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic students and teachers were thrust onto the online platform for classes. Students had to adjust to this transition, and understanding how to function in this new arena became of the utmost importance to promote student success. Recognizing that technology itself impacts our students is an important factor, both culturally and through a social justice lens. Understanding how to incorporate both multicultural and social justice considerations into an online classroom assists instructors in creating an open and welcoming experience which fosters autonomy. Therefore, understanding and appreciating the multicultural and social justice needs of students …

Culturally Responsive Distance Counselor Education For International Counseling Students, Jeongwoon Jeong, Goeun Na, Sojeong Nam, Donghun Lee, Jungeun Lee

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Counselor education programs have increasingly offered distance education during the last decades. As one of the growing student populations in counselor education programs, international students need to be given more attention pertaining to their cultural and educational experiences as counseling students. Although distance learning in counselor education has gained empirical support for its effectiveness, it may still pose challenges to international counseling students due to their unique characteristics such as language barriers and cultural differences, which may render differing qualities of students’ learning experiences. Aiming to enhance our understanding of this student population to provide culturally responsive distance counselor education, …

Counselors In Training Educational Impacts And Perceived Adequacy Of Supports Amidst Covid-19, Jamie E. Crockett, Nathaniel N. Ivers

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Counselors-in-Training (CITs) experience complex challenges, stressors, and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and concurrent sociopolitical crises. The authors examined CIT’s academic and clinical experiences during the first year of COVID-19, including their perception of the adequacy of their training and supports to provide counseling during this time. Many CITs experienced a range of changes including transitioning from face-to-face training and supervision to distance learning, telehealth, and telesupervision. The authors discuss implications for training and supervision, including considerations related to distance learning and digital competence.

Navigating Microaggressions In Online Learning Environments, Shreya Vaishnav, Donya D. Wallace

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Microaggressions are prevalent in academic online spaces and harm those involved. This showcase paper explores the literature around microaggressions and their impact in academia. The authors offer practical tips and tools for navigating microaggressions in the classroom, including how to engage in difficult dialogues with peers, students, and colleagues. Finally, strategies to create inclusive spaces in academia are discussed, specifically in a classroom setting or one-on-one interactions.