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2021 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
2021 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
These proceedings are a representative sample of the presentations given by professional practitioners and academic scholars at the 2021 International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference (ICRCC) held virtually March 8-10, 2021. The goal of the ICRCC is to bring together prominent professional risk and crisis communication practitioners and academic scholars from around the world to spend a few days networking and engaging in conversation about issues and problems related to risk and crisis communication in a variety of contexts (e.g., natural disasters, political crises, food safety issues, biosecurity, health epidemics and pandemics).
Entertainment Industry Sector Under The Spotlight: How Pr Professionals And Event Organizers Communicate During Pandemic Crisis, Andrei Galan
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
The COVID-19 pandemic has wounded sociality and limited the possibility to stay together: the essence of many forms of art. All the sectors whose activities are based on cultural values, or artistic, creative expressions, market or non-market oriented. It includes architecture, archives, libraries and museums, artistic crafts, audio-visual tangible and intangible cultural heritage, design, festivals, music, literature, performing arts, publishing, radio and visual arts. This paper aims to shed a light not only on the scarce literature on the field, but also on the particularities of how professionals communicate during pandemic crisis in the entertainment industry, especially at the moment …
Visit Intention And Destination Image In Post-Covid-19 Crisis Recovery, Albattat Ahmad, Azizul Jamaludin, Nini Shaliza, Mohd Zuraimi, Marco Valeri
Visit Intention And Destination Image In Post-Covid-19 Crisis Recovery, Albattat Ahmad, Azizul Jamaludin, Nini Shaliza, Mohd Zuraimi, Marco Valeri
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
The aim of this research is to analyze the factors influencing visit intention and destination image in post-Covid-19 crisis recovery. In post-crisis recovery, the factors influencing visit intention are physical, socio-psychological and financial factors. A total of 426 respondents were selected and analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings demonstrate that physical factors are the main factors that influence tourists’ visit intention. Additionally, destination image significantly affects visit intention and significantly mediates the relationship between the factors and visit intention. All this inevitably affects the organizational structure of the tourist destination.
Image Restoration Strategies For The (Mis-) Handling Of Covid – 19 Pandemic In Greece, Neofytos Aspriadis
Image Restoration Strategies For The (Mis-) Handling Of Covid – 19 Pandemic In Greece, Neofytos Aspriadis
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
During the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak all countries around the world used several kinds of response strategies to protect public health and control the outbreak. The main aim was to stop the disease from spreading into the community and put a pressure on the health system of the countries. However, severe measures like lockdown of cities and countries brought side-crises like economic pressure on the individuals, corporations and even the state itself. Although the Greek Government was considered to have managed the first phase of the crisis in March effectively, during the aftermath of the first phase, the complete opening of …
Unbranding: Disenfranchising Terrorism, Disenchanting Terror, David H. Waterman
Unbranding: Disenfranchising Terrorism, Disenchanting Terror, David H. Waterman
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
The Theory of Brand Reduction (TBR), or unbranding, genericizes an organizational brand in order to reduce or limit its impact within its category or brand group. Unbranding asserts a product is identified by its brand and is perceived by stakeholders based on the characteristics of that brand. For example, terror is a product of some organizations - a means to an end - usually political in natural. Unbranding posits the center of gravity (COG) of an extremist group or organization is its brand. Current and previous counter-terrorism efforts have addressed elements of products but not the source of power of …
Police Reform: Understanding Interspersed Social Influences And The Propagation Of Public Policy During Covid19, Alexia L. Knox
Police Reform: Understanding Interspersed Social Influences And The Propagation Of Public Policy During Covid19, Alexia L. Knox
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Social influence is described as a communications theory which involves three psychological processes: compliance, identification and internalization. The theory applies supplemental data from social psychology frameworks consisting of normative conformity and informative conformity research. Individuals can be influenced to demonstrate social behaviors and many of us can be influenced to change our behaviors depending on our psychological or social needs at that time. Propaganda is another social influence that affects crisis communications. These topics will be discussed to better understand social influence and social behaviors while also analyzing legitimate authority interpositions during the coronavirus global crisis. Further, this research task …
2021 International Crisis And Risk Communication Conference Program, Conference Organizers
2021 International Crisis And Risk Communication Conference Program, Conference Organizers
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Program to the to the 11th Annual International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference sponsored by the Nicholson School of Communication and Media.
2020 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
2020 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
These proceedings are a representative sample of the presentations given by professional practitioners and academic scholars at the 2020 International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference (ICRCC) held March 9-11, 2020. The ICRCC is an annual event that takes place the second week in March in beautiful sunny Orlando, Florida. The conference hosts are faculty and staff from the Nicholson School of Communication and Media. The goal of the ICRCC is to bring together prominent professional practitioners and academic scholars that work directly with crisis and risk communication on a daily basis. We define crisis and risk broadly to include, for …
Sorry Is Not Enough: Apology As A Crisis Management Tactic, Amiso M. George
Sorry Is Not Enough: Apology As A Crisis Management Tactic, Amiso M. George
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Public admissions of personal or professional misdeeds, followed by apologies by high profile individuals and organizations are strategies and tactics of image restoration when a reputation is damaged. Although the ritual of an apology is an expected societal norm sometimes, they can make matters worse. Apology is effective depending on the offense, the place, time, language, tone of apology and if the recipient of the apology is willing to accept it. Another important element is the cultural factor. Apology that does not adhere to perceived cultural norms may not be received positively; thereby worsening the crisis situation. In 2018 and …
Mind The Gap: Understanding Stakeholder Reactions To Different Types Of Data Security, Audra Diers-Lawson, Amelia Symons
Mind The Gap: Understanding Stakeholder Reactions To Different Types Of Data Security, Audra Diers-Lawson, Amelia Symons
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Data security breaches are an increasingly common problem for organizations, yet there are critical gaps in our understanding of how different stakeholders understand and evaluate organizations that have experienced these kinds of security breaches. While organizations have developed relatively standard approaches to responding to security breaches that: (1) acknowledge the situation; (2) highlight how much they value their stakeholders’ privacy and private information; and (3) focus on correcting and preventing the problem in the future, the effectiveness of this response strategy and factors influencing it have not been adequately explored. This experiment focuses on a 2 (type of organization) x …
Crisis Communication Strategies Of Police Organizations Subsequent Negative Public Perception And Media Framing, Alexia Knox
Crisis Communication Strategies Of Police Organizations Subsequent Negative Public Perception And Media Framing, Alexia Knox
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
This research task examines crisis communication strategies of police organizations acting as spokespersons, subsequent negative public perceptions of police organizations, while attempting to understand how external and some internal variables, particularly, human processes of emotions and behaviors of police officers, victims of violence and minority groups, might contribute to negative crisis outcomes, as described in the regenerative crisis model, as the crisis becomes more prevalent and persuasive through media framing.
Building Resilience For Stronger Communities, Barbara Gainey
Building Resilience For Stronger Communities, Barbara Gainey
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Much of the early research in crisis management and crisis communication centered on the core competencies of crisis response: why do we need to plan for crises; what are the stages of effective crisis planning; what theoretical perspectives are helpful to scholars and practitioners; and what are the steps of an up-to-date crisis plan. Delineation of these core competencies goes on. Among these competencies, the crisis stage meriting the least attention arguably is post-crisis, the critical days and weeks immediately following the formal resolution of the crisis. Research attention has often focused on recovery and learning, positioning the organization for …
Is All Publicity Good Publicity? Ask Peloton, Rodney Andrew Carveth
Is All Publicity Good Publicity? Ask Peloton, Rodney Andrew Carveth
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Controversial ad campaigns from companies such as Nike have suggested that “any publicity is good publicity.” This case study of a controversial 2019 advertising campaign by Peloton, where one its ad not only was critically panned, but resulted in Peloton losing nearly $1 billion in market value. The case shows that not only was Peloton tone deaf about the message the company is putting out there, it defended itself by insulting its consumer base.
The Influence Of Radical Environmentalists On Reputation And Communication Practices Of Advocacy/Collaborative Nonprofits, Maria Zhigalina
The Influence Of Radical Environmentalists On Reputation And Communication Practices Of Advocacy/Collaborative Nonprofits, Maria Zhigalina
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
The article focuses on features, activities and communication practices of environmental nonprofits / groups to demonstrate the importance of studying how negative reputation of the environmental sub-sector created by radical environmentalists can influence advocacy / collaborative environmental nonprofits. First, it reviews some relevant literature related to environmental organizations / groups and their external communication. Additionally, it provides some examples of radical environmentalism that have been recently discussed in the news. Finally, it describes directions for future research. It is important to understand the influence of the actions of radical environmentalists on advocacy / collaborative nonprofit organizations because it might impact …
Do Not Bank On Us! Taking Stock Of Transparency And Accountability During Crises In Uganda: The Case Of Crane Bank Collapse, Angella Napakol, Ann Mugunga
Do Not Bank On Us! Taking Stock Of Transparency And Accountability During Crises In Uganda: The Case Of Crane Bank Collapse, Angella Napakol, Ann Mugunga
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
This study examined transparency and accountability as bridges to the interpretative and sense making capabilities of the public following the collapse of Crane Bank, Uganda. Content and critical discourse analysis methods were used to: investigate the nature of communication, the information shared; review honesty and responsibility in communication, and also analyze how accountability and transparency are constructed during crisis situations in the South. Assessment of 120 newspaper articles showed that both Crane Bank and Bank of Uganda mainly left it to the media to create and give meaning to stakeholders. Initial communication from both institutions was delayed and subsequent communication …
The 2018 Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca: Application Of Grunig’S Theory Of Excellence Two-Way Communication Efforts To Avoid A Crisis, Saud A. Alsulaiman, Terry L. Rentner
The 2018 Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca: Application Of Grunig’S Theory Of Excellence Two-Way Communication Efforts To Avoid A Crisis, Saud A. Alsulaiman, Terry L. Rentner
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Every year, millions of Muslims converge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. So how does a government prepare for a potential crisis when hosting an event of this magnitude? A content analysis guided this study on crisis communication strategies taken by the Saudi government before, during, and after Hajj 2018 and how Saudi Arabia utilized the media to deliver proactive messages to ensure a successful Hajj season. The study found that the government created and built a positive image in the media through the use of effective management, preemptive messages, and multiple communication channels.
Tumbling Into A Crisis: Use Of Corporate Apologia After Usa Gymnastics Falls Off The Balance Beam, Terry L. Rentner, Cory Young
Tumbling Into A Crisis: Use Of Corporate Apologia After Usa Gymnastics Falls Off The Balance Beam, Terry L. Rentner, Cory Young
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
In an open letter to U.S. gymnasts on Nov. 5, 2018, United States Olympic Committee (USOC) CEO Sarah Hirshland told its more than 150,000 members “You deserve better” as it launched the Nuclear Clause that would revoke USA Gymnastics (USAG) as a governing body for the sport at the Olympic level [1]. This announcement comes in the wake of USAG’s ongoing crisis that includes a failure to protect athletes from team doctor Larry Nassar, imprisoned for sexually abusing more than 350 female gymnasts; investigations tied to Michigan State University; and the turnover of several USAG CEO’s in just two years. …
Secondary Crisis Communication. A Question Of Actual Or Perceived Credibility?, Bengt Johansson
Secondary Crisis Communication. A Question Of Actual Or Perceived Credibility?, Bengt Johansson
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
An important aspect of crisis communication is secondary crisis communication, which focuses on how people communicate during a crisis. This study seeks to explore the mechanism of credibility in secondary crisis communication. Respondents in a large-scale experiment (N=2382) were exposed to a fictional news story about a terrorist attack and asked to what degree they would share the news story on social media. The design made it possible to test if the sharing of news stories was determined by its actual credibility (through the use of semiotic disclaimers in the news story), or by perceived credibility (the perceived credibility of …
Social Listening During Crises: A Practitioner Guide For Crisis Communication On Social Media, Cory Young, Hunter Simmons, Margaret Stewart
Social Listening During Crises: A Practitioner Guide For Crisis Communication On Social Media, Cory Young, Hunter Simmons, Margaret Stewart
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Stewart & Wilson (2016) created the STREMII model (pronounced STREAM-ee) as a means to assist institutions and organizations with social media crisis communication using a six-stage cyclical process, including: (1) social listening, (2) targeting audience(s), (3) engaging & responding, (4) monitoring and evaluating, (5) interacting, and (6) implementing changes [1] . Stewart & Young (2017) revisited the model, refining the stages to highlight the need for ongoing social listening and responsive engagement across all levels of crisis [2]. At present, the model is theoretical and applied only within a pedagogical context. In order for the STREMII model to be useful …
2019 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
2019 Icrcc Proceedings Table Of Contents, Conference Organizers
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
These proceedings are a representative sample of the presentations given by professional practitioners and academic scholars at the 2019 International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference (ICRCC) held March 11-13, 2019. The ICRCC is an annual event that takes place the second week in March in beautiful sunny Orlando, Florida. The conference hosts are faculty and staff from the Nicholson School of Communication. The goal of the ICRCC is to bring together prominent professional practitioners and academic scholars that work directly with crisis and risk communication on a daily basis. We define crisis and risk broadly to include, for example, natural …
Implementing Stremii: A Practical Guide For Crisis Communication On Social Media During Hurricanes And Natural Disasters, Margaret Stewart, Cory Young
Implementing Stremii: A Practical Guide For Crisis Communication On Social Media During Hurricanes And Natural Disasters, Margaret Stewart, Cory Young
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
This paper details a practical series of recommendations to implement the two ongoing stages of the STREMII model – Social Listening and Responsive Engagement – during a crisis event. First, we outline the original STREMII model, then detail and discuss a revised and updated version of the model. Then, we describe steps for getting started using the STREMII model for social media crisis communication, and, finally, present suggestions for uses of best practice for the model.
Cultural Challenges When Memorializing Tragedies, Kjell Brataas
Cultural Challenges When Memorializing Tragedies, Kjell Brataas
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
After a tragedy, victims and survivors often desire to memorialize what happened. This can take many forms, and finding the right way often involves a number of challenges. There will usually be differences of opinion among the bereaved, the injured and the uninjured survivors, and cultural aspects and differences play a major role. This presentation provides examples from around the world and hints on bridging the culture gap when memorializing a tragedy.
Victim-Group Legitimacy: An Argument For Extending Our Understanding Of Legitimacy After Crisis, Cody Blake Wilson
Victim-Group Legitimacy: An Argument For Extending Our Understanding Of Legitimacy After Crisis, Cody Blake Wilson
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Organizational legitimacy has been useful approach to studying relationship management in crisis. This presentation suggests an expansion of organizational legitimacy theory: victim-group legitimacy. Multiple recent cases of crisis involving historically marginalized groups (HMGs) suggest that organizations may not be fully prepared to respond to crises involving HMGs. Recent cases also suggest that publics now routinely see modern crises as chapters within larger marginalization narratives. Victim-group legitimacy acts as a framework for evaluating, interpreting, and responding to not only the crisis at hand, but the historical crisis between an organization and HMGs.
Building Bridges To Connect With Stakeholders: A Template For Success, Kimberly A. Reed
Building Bridges To Connect With Stakeholders: A Template For Success, Kimberly A. Reed
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
The modern age of communication, with the 24x7 news cycle and "information overload," can impact our ability to connect with stakeholders. Kimberly Reed, a Washington professional who has built bridges for more than 20 years both across the aisle and around the globe with non-profits, trade associations, government officials, and risk and crisis communication professionals, presented a case study on Expo Milano 2015: "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life" (the "World's Fair," which was the world's largest gathering and discussion on the topic of food). She shared best practices that featured Drs. Deanna and Tim Sellnow and provided practical resources …
Targeting Internal Publics During The 2014 Ebola Outbreak: An Analysis Of Kaiser Permanente’S Crisis Communication Strategy, Ingrid S. Greene, Denise P. Ferguson
Targeting Internal Publics During The 2014 Ebola Outbreak: An Analysis Of Kaiser Permanente’S Crisis Communication Strategy, Ingrid S. Greene, Denise P. Ferguson
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Issues management in today’s quickly changing world can be complex and unpredictable, and in the case of the spread of Ebola, carry lethal implications. Kaiser Permanente (KP) faced a potential internal crisis due to the involvement of medical staff during the spread of the disease in the United States. In addition, KP needed to ensure the safety of the patients the healthcare provider serves. This case study examines how the corporate communications team at KP in Southern California communicated the necessary messages during this crisis in the U.S. in the fall of 2014. The methodology of this case is a …
Reputational Threats Online: Social Media As A Simultaneous Agent Of Crisis And Tool For Response And Resolution In The Case Study Of An American Academic Library, Margaret C. Stewart, Maria Atilano
Reputational Threats Online: Social Media As A Simultaneous Agent Of Crisis And Tool For Response And Resolution In The Case Study Of An American Academic Library, Margaret C. Stewart, Maria Atilano
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
This paper details a reputational threat to an American academic library where a viral social media post and associated negative comments misrepresented the institution and brand’s values. Immediately, the marketing librarian responsible for social media responded to the threat by engaging directly with the library consumers, sharing content and information with the broader online community, and reinforcing the library’s values and commitment to consumers. While the resolution to the crisis was mostly favourable, the event was unanticipated and invited a keen learning opportunity that is documented in this case study. Reflections and takeaways from this incident are discussed in the …
Discourse Networks Of Emergency Response Communication: A Case Study Of Civilian Deliberation On The Reddit Platform, Cody Blake Wilson, Megan Kendall
Discourse Networks Of Emergency Response Communication: A Case Study Of Civilian Deliberation On The Reddit Platform, Cody Blake Wilson, Megan Kendall
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Using discourse and network analysis, this research explores a reddit thread concerning an emergency situation in the U.S.V.I. after a 2017 hurricane. In particular, research seeks to gain greater understanding of deliberation and problem-solving behaviour of a crowdsourced, citizen group in response to a disaster. Findings support the use of network analysis and measures of centrality to isolate particularly important actors and contributions in a network. Furthermore, findings also depict seven archetypical roles played by users in the discourse. Further research is needed to understand how the tier structure of the reddit platform influences network structure and behaviour and normalize …
Risk And Crisis Communication In Colombia: A Case Study From Medellín, Michael Klafft, Pia Schreiber
Risk And Crisis Communication In Colombia: A Case Study From Medellín, Michael Klafft, Pia Schreiber
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
This paper analyses the state of the art of risk and crisis communication in Colombia with a focus on natural and man-made risks and disasters. Findings are based on a series of semi-structured interviews with risk and crisis communication experts, practitioners, and educational experts from the city of Medellín, and on a content analysis of teaching materials used for risk communication. The study reveals that a combination of different approaches is used to raise risk awareness in the population, combining education through entertainment, citizen sciences projects, and risk communication via the website and app of a regional alerting system.
Effects Of Crisis News On Intercultural Tolerance: An International Comparative Study, Anthony Eseke
Effects Of Crisis News On Intercultural Tolerance: An International Comparative Study, Anthony Eseke
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Human beings are “cultural animals who know and see and hear the world through socially constructed filters.” [1]. Fundamental to these filters are identities. Through the frames of identity, people often negotiate the dialectics of the ‘self’ with/against ‘the other’. The media in their reportage of conflicts and crisis produce and reinforce these dialectics. However, to what extent and directions do these reports influence social tolerance in the audience? This study therefore examined the effects of crisis/conflict news on otherness. The study defined otherness as the appraisal attitudes of tolerance, apathy, or intolerance towards other bodies based on identity categories. …
Why Trivialising People’S Culture Can Be Catastrophic For The Effective Communication Of Extreme Weather Warnings: Lessons From The Delta State Of Nigeria, Eromose E. Ebhuoma
Why Trivialising People’S Culture Can Be Catastrophic For The Effective Communication Of Extreme Weather Warnings: Lessons From The Delta State Of Nigeria, Eromose E. Ebhuoma
International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference
Early weather warnings can save lives and minimise the loss of assets. The most accurate forecast, however, is useless if it fails to reach those anticipated to be affected by a predicted adverse weather condition, as this will impede their ability to act pro-actively. The 2012 flood disaster in Nigeria which had devastating consequences for 30 states in the country, for example, was forecasted a few months ahead by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. However, data obtained from some rural communities in the Delta state that suffered severe implications courtesy of the flood revealed that the warning did not get to …