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Articles 361 - 390 of 645
Full-Text Articles in Communication
Digital Games For Language Learning: From Hype To Insight?, Frederik Cornillie, Steven L. Thorne, Piet Desmet
Digital Games For Language Learning: From Hype To Insight?, Frederik Cornillie, Steven L. Thorne, Piet Desmet
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Special issue of ReCall topics the concept of ludic engagement as a form of developmentally productive activity specifically digital game-based second or foreign language learning (DGBLL).
Gender Inequality In Deliberative Participation, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Tali Mendelberg, Lee Shaker
Gender Inequality In Deliberative Participation, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Tali Mendelberg, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Can men and women have equal levels of voice and authority in deliberation or does deliberation exacerbate gender inequality? Does increasing women's descriptive representation in deliberation increase their voice and authority? We answer these questions and move beyond the debate by hypothesizing that the group's gender composition interacts with its decision rule to exacerbate or erase the inequalities. We test this hypothesis and various alternatives, using experimental data with many groups and links between individuals' attitudes and speech. We find a substantial gender gap in voice and authority, but as hypothesized, it disappears under unanimous rule and few women, or …
Crime In The News: How Do People Feel About Crime Reporting In Portland, Oregon?, Kris R. Henning, Brian Renauer, Greg Stewart
Crime In The News: How Do People Feel About Crime Reporting In Portland, Oregon?, Kris R. Henning, Brian Renauer, Greg Stewart
Criminal Justice Policy Research Institute Research Briefs
This research brief summarizes the results of a recent survey with residents in Portland, Oregon assessing public opinions on the local news media’s coverage of various crime topics.
Parental Advisory Explicit Lyrics: A Case Study Of Music Censorship And Suppression In America, Nathaniel T. Belcik
Parental Advisory Explicit Lyrics: A Case Study Of Music Censorship And Suppression In America, Nathaniel T. Belcik
Young Historians Conference
The paper talks about music censorship in the 1980s, specifically the PMRC hearings in 1985. The paper looks at the anti-Rock movement of the 1980s and the Parents Music Resource Center, an organization that wanted warning labels placed on albums. The paper examines the motives of the PMRC and opposition to their proposals from famous musicians. The thesis of the paper is that the PMRC's proposals were adopted by the RIAA because the RIAA wanted to get a tax on cassettes passed and the negative publicity over explicit music was hurting their efforts to get the tax passed.
Online Gaming As Sociable Media, Steven L. Thorne
Online Gaming As Sociable Media, Steven L. Thorne
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Over much of the world, contemporary communicative practices are mediated by a wide range of digital technologies that support speech, image, video, and of course textual literacies. In dialectic tension with the rapid growth in digital information and communication media, Internet information and communication technologies have amplified conventional communicative practices in terms of breadth, impact and speed and have also enabled the emergence of new communicative, cultural and cognitive practices. These practices form dynamic cultures-of-use - that is, communication tools and the human activities they mediate co-evolve (Thorne, 2003). This article begins with a review of contradictory appraisals of digital …
Metaphor And Stories In Discourse About Personal And Social Change, L. David Ritchie
Metaphor And Stories In Discourse About Personal And Social Change, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Barack Obama campaigned on the theme of ‘change,’ and as the first African-American to win the U. S. Presidency, he embodies changes of historical and cultural importance. Central among the changes Obama advocates is his attempt, throughout his campaign, to depart from the ‘old politics’ and keep racial issues in the background. However, at a crucial point in the campaign he was forced to confront these issues when a potentially damaging controversy erupted over a series of comments, widely regarded as unpatriotic, made by his personal friend and spiritual adviser, the Reverend Jeremiah Wright. How Obama dealt with this crisis …
Local Political Knowledge And Assessments Of Citizen Competence, Lee Shaker
Local Political Knowledge And Assessments Of Citizen Competence, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article contrasts the national and local political knowledge of a random sample of 993 Philadelphians with the aim of enhancing the scholarly understanding of citizen competence. Empirical study of citizen competence extends back more than fifty years, but the survey data that have been brought to bear upon the topic are almost exclusively focused on national-level politics. Consequently, sweeping conclusions about the competence of the American public rest upon a narrow foundation. The comparisons in this article depict a slew of differences in the distribution of knowledge across national and local politics, many of which challenge established notions of …
Motivation In The Portland Chinuk Wawa Language Community, Abigail Elaina Pecore
Motivation In The Portland Chinuk Wawa Language Community, Abigail Elaina Pecore
Dissertations and Theses
Throughout the world, languages are becoming extinct at an alarming rate. Perhaps half of the 6,000-7,000 languages worldwide will go extinct in the next 50-100 years. One of these dying languages, Chinook Jargon or Chinuk Wawa, a language found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is in the process of being revitalized through the concerted efforts of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR). Reasons to revitalize endangered languages often seem irrelevant to our modern daily lives, and revitalizing these languages is a difficult process requiring much dedication, commitment, and persistence. In light of this significant struggle, understanding …
Are We Cool Yet?: A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of Nerd And Geek Representations In Popular Television, Christopher Louis Cardiel
Are We Cool Yet?: A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of Nerd And Geek Representations In Popular Television, Christopher Louis Cardiel
Dissertations and Theses
This study explores the representation of nerds and geeks in popular broadcast television programs over the course of the past twenty years. A content analysis of the five most popular scripted broadcast television programs for each year was conducted in order to assess the frequency of nerd characters, as well as the social competence, physical attractiveness, and demographic information of each such character. In addition, a supplemental survey design study was employed in order to collect public opinion data regarding perceptions of nerds in general and on television. The results of these studies indicated that while the per-year frequency of …
New Media, New Communicative Genres And Inclusive Technology-Mediated L2 Pedagogy: A Conversation With Steve Thorne, Victoria Antoniadou, Steven L. Thorne
New Media, New Communicative Genres And Inclusive Technology-Mediated L2 Pedagogy: A Conversation With Steve Thorne, Victoria Antoniadou, Steven L. Thorne
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Professor Steve Thorne is well-known for his work on second and foreign language development and Internet-mediated communicative activity. He is identified with the study of language use, communication dynamics and technology-mediated foreign, second and plurilingual language learning, occurring within and outside of formal educational settings. His work draws on sociocultural and cultural-historical approaches to language development and he is particularly interested in multiplayer online gaming environments, the "cultures of use" of Internet communication tools, and intercultural communication. Professor Thorne is currently a faculty member in the Department of World Languages and Literatures at Portland State University and at the University …
New Ways To Manage Information As A Good That Improves With Use, Ida Kubiszewski
New Ways To Manage Information As A Good That Improves With Use, Ida Kubiszewski
Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series
Information has some unique characteristics. Unlike most other goods and services, it is neither rival (use by one prevents use by others) nor non-rival (use by one does not affect use by others), but is enhanced with increased use, or ‘additive’. Therefore a unique allocation system for both the production and consumption of information is needed. Under the current market-based allocation system, production of information is often limited through the exclusive rights produced by patents and copyrights. This limits scientists' ability to share and build on each other's knowledge. We break the problem down into three separate questions: (1) do …
'You're Lying To Jesus!': Humor And Play In A Discussion About Homelessness, L. David Ritchie
'You're Lying To Jesus!': Humor And Play In A Discussion About Homelessness, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study applies recent theories about humor to a sample of talk among a group of young adults about the issues and problems associated with homelessness. In this conversation, participants demonstrate a pattern of joking and language play that expresses a complex and ambivalent set of attitudes and feelings toward homelessness and toward the homeless as both outcasts and refugees from conventional society. Humor is used both to express complex responses to homelessness and as a tool for managing the tone and direction of the conversation. The results demonstrate how the identification of patterns of joking and wordplay can provide …
"Justice Is Blind": A Model For Analyzing Metaphor Transformations And Narratives In Actual Discourse, L. David Ritchie
"Justice Is Blind": A Model For Analyzing Metaphor Transformations And Narratives In Actual Discourse, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this article I present a model of how metaphors are transformed and re-presented as narratives, how this process helps shape communicative interactions, and how it contributes to relevance effects and the generation of meaning, often by simultaneously affecting multiple cognitive contexts. I demonstrate the application of the model to samples of discourse from current research and show how it can contribute to understanding troubled communicative relationships and potentially to improving communication in situations of misunderstanding and conflict.
Why The Block Is The Block: Reinforcing Community Through Casual Conversation, L. David Ritchie
Why The Block Is The Block: Reinforcing Community Through Casual Conversation, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study combines Discourse Dynamics (Cameron, 2007) with Perceptual Simulation Theory (Barsalou, 2007; Gibbs, 2006), to analyze a sample of talk among residents of an urban neighborhood about topics related to community safety and the quality of life in their community. The results demonstrate the role of casual conversation in structuring complex social relationships, and the usefulness of close attention to metaphors, story-telling, and humor. By their use, re-use, and development of metaphors and stories the participants in this conversation express and reinforce the patterns of sociability and mutual watchfulness that contribute to a feeling of safety and comfort in …
Second Language Development Theories And Technology-Mediated Language Learning, Steven L. Thorne, Bryan Smith
Second Language Development Theories And Technology-Mediated Language Learning, Steven L. Thorne, Bryan Smith
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Information and communication technologies have never been more interesting due in large part to their intimate integration into everyday life. Second and foreign language researchers and educators have long recognized ...
Community Newspapers Play Significant Role In Election, Lee Shaker
Community Newspapers Play Significant Role In Election, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article compares coverage of the 2007 Philadelphia mayoral campaign in the city's major daily and community newspapers. The findings show that community newspapers serve as a complement to the dailies but also prove to be sources of campaign information in their own right.
The Obvious Invisibility Of The Relationship Between Technology And Social Values, Jamie P. Ross
The Obvious Invisibility Of The Relationship Between Technology And Social Values, Jamie P. Ross
Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
We all too often assume that technology is the product of objective scientific research and that technology’s moral value lies in only the moral character of its user. To remove technology from a moral realm, we assume value and context neutrality. Yet the power of technology is a reflection of the values that exist in its developmental context. Technology’s moral realm is visible in the reciprocal relationship between culture and technology in the epidemiology of AIDS, clinical research and practice regarding heart disease, and DNA research. Cultural values decide what counts as a scientific question. When we look at the …
News Images, Race, And Attribution In The Wake Of Hurricane Katrina, Eran Ben-Porath, Lee Shaker
News Images, Race, And Attribution In The Wake Of Hurricane Katrina, Eran Ben-Porath, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study looks at the effect of news images and race on the attribution of responsibility for the consequences of Hurricane Katrina. Participants, Black and White, read the same news story about the hurricane and its aftermath, manipulated to include images of White victims, Black victims, or no images at all. Participants were then asked who they felt was responsible for the humanitarian disaster after the storm. White respondents expressed less sense of government responsibility when the story included victims' images. For Black respondents this effect did not occur. Images did not affect attribution of responsibility to New Orleans' residents …
Comparing Discrete Simulation And System Dynamics: Modeling An Anti-Insurgency Influence Operation, Wayne Wakeland, Una E. Medina
Comparing Discrete Simulation And System Dynamics: Modeling An Anti-Insurgency Influence Operation, Wayne Wakeland, Una E. Medina
Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper contrasts the tradeoffs of modeling the same dynamic problem at a micro scale and at a macro scale of analysis: discrete system simulation (DS) versus continuous system simulation or system dynamics (SD). Both are employed to model the influence of entertainment education on terrorist system decay, with implications for field application. Each method optimizes different design, scope/scale, data availability/accuracy, parameter settings, and system sensitivities. Whether the research served by the computer model is applied or theoretical, DS tends to be useful for understand low-level individual unit/step influences on system change over time, whereas SD tends to shine when …
Local Political Information On The Web: The Case Of The 2007 Philadelphia Mayoral Campaign, Lee Shaker
Local Political Information On The Web: The Case Of The 2007 Philadelphia Mayoral Campaign, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Scholars and pundits have widely discussed the decline of print journalism, but there has been very little empirical research focused on examining online alternatives. This article utilizes a unique sample of online local political content related to the 2007 Philadelphia mayoral campaign to address this void. A content analysis of this dataset has three objectives: to depict the range of sources of online local political information (LPI) available to Philadelphians, to compare the LPI provided by these various sources, and to determine the amount and provenance of the original LPI that is available on the web. New media sources of …
"Everybody Goes Down": Metaphors, Stories, And Simulations In Conversations, L. David Ritchie
"Everybody Goes Down": Metaphors, Stories, And Simulations In Conversations, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Recent work has shown that many problematic aspects of metaphor use and comprehension can be resolved through an account that includes both relevance and perceptual simulation. It has also been shown that metaphors often imply stories, and that stories are often metaphorical. Previous research on narratives has focused primarily on stories that appear either in formal literature or in structured interviews; this essay focuses on stories that occur as an integral part of conversation. It extends recent work on metaphor comprehension to show how use and comprehension of stories in natural, informal conversations can be usefully analyzed in terms of …
Public Opinion And Public Engagement With Genetically Modified Foods : A Qualitative Study, Celeste Laurana Moser
Public Opinion And Public Engagement With Genetically Modified Foods : A Qualitative Study, Celeste Laurana Moser
Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of the current study was to understand public opinion formation by determining what factors influence opinion leaders in the organic food community to engage in the genetically modified food debate, and how opinion leaders describe American lay publics' engagement in the debate.
Citizens’ Local Political Knowledge And The Role Of Media Access, Lee Shaker
Citizens’ Local Political Knowledge And The Role Of Media Access, Lee Shaker
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Locally based media institutions that have been at the core of citizens' media environments for generations are facing an onslaught of new competition from new media. The twin goals of this article are to expand our understanding of the distribution of local political knowledge in general and to specifically examine the relevance of media access. The article suggests that media access does bear upon levels of local political knowledge and confirms that citizens who are knowledgeable about local politics do not mirror the profile of those who are knowledgeable about national politics.
Metaphors In Conversational Context: Toward A Connectivity Theory Of Metaphor Interpretation, L. David Ritchie
Metaphors In Conversational Context: Toward A Connectivity Theory Of Metaphor Interpretation, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
The model proposed in this article merges the cognitive and social elements of metaphor use and interpretation in the cognitive representation of mutual cognitive environment (Sperber & Wilson, 1986/1995) or common ground (Clark, 1996). The proposed principle of metaphor interpretation is based on the interaction of both vehicle and topic with the common ground. Because common ground is inherently problematic, it is rarely accurate to discuss "the meaning of" a metaphor, as if metaphors must have a single well-specified meaning. Each metaphor is interpreted in the particular communicative context in which it is encountered, and individual interpretations will not necessarily …
Relevance And Simulation In Metaphor, L. David Ritchie
Relevance And Simulation In Metaphor, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
Recent writings have done much to develop and extend Relevance Theory as an account of metaphors and other "loose" language use. However, it is argued in this essay that Relevance Theory still leaves important gaps in its explanation and does not adequately address the "circularity" issue that has been raised. It is proposed that Perceptual Simulation Theory usefully extends Relevance Theory by providing a detailed cognitive mechanism for the "broadening" and "narrowing" specified by Relevance Theory. Extending Relevance Theory to include the cognitive mechanisms posited by Perceptual Simulation Theory also extends the reach of Relevance theory and enhances its ability …
The Importance Of Interpersonal Discussion And Self-Efficacy In Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Models, Joyee S. Chatterjee, Anurudra Bhanot, Lauren B. Frank, Sheila T. Murphy, Gerry Power
The Importance Of Interpersonal Discussion And Self-Efficacy In Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Models, Joyee S. Chatterjee, Anurudra Bhanot, Lauren B. Frank, Sheila T. Murphy, Gerry Power
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study contributes to the theoretical discussions about the influence of education-entertainment programming on consumers of the genre. Data from the end-line evaluation of an EE program produced by the BBC World Service Trust in India, Jasoos (Detective) Vijay, is used. The analysis focused on 834 sexually active young men, the key demographic target audience for the program. Using structural equation modeling techniques, an initial knowledge, attitudes, and practices model is examined. Adding self-efficacy and interpersonal discussion improve this model. Not only is interpersonal discussion important, but the target others with whom that discussion occurs are also important for predicting …
"The Ivory Tower" On An "Unstable Foundation": Playful Language, Humor, And Metaphor In The Negotiation Of Scientists' Identities, L. David Ritchie, Char Schell
"The Ivory Tower" On An "Unstable Foundation": Playful Language, Humor, And Metaphor In The Negotiation Of Scientists' Identities, L. David Ritchie, Char Schell
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this essay we argue that metaphor and language play generally should be analyzed in the context of actual conversations, not as a peripheral or incidental part of the discourse, but as an integral part of both topic-centered and relational work. We examine several instances of playful metaphor, humor, and irony that occurred during a one-hour focus-group discussion among a group of scientists discussing their role in communicating about science with laypersons. During the course of this discussion, word play, humorous insults, and the elaboration and reconstruction of metaphorical idioms are used for a variety of purposes, including reinforcement of …
X Is A Journey: Embodied Simulation In Metaphor Interpretation, L. David Ritchie
X Is A Journey: Embodied Simulation In Metaphor Interpretation, L. David Ritchie
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
This essay compares simulation-based accounts of metaphor processing recently proposed by Gibbs (2006a) and Ritchie (2006), using examples of metaphors based on the metaphor vehicle "journey" from four different texts. From analysis of these different examples, it is concluded that simulation may come into play at different levels, depending on the metaphor and the context in which it is used. Further, it is suggested that the imaginative simulation of the object or action named by a metaphor vehicle, proposed by Gibbs, incorporates a partial subset of detail-level perceptual simulators. This leads to the proposal that the two models describe cognitive …
Hair Of The Frog And Other Empty Metaphors: The Play Element In Figurative Language, L. David Ritchie, Valrie Dyhouse
Hair Of The Frog And Other Empty Metaphors: The Play Element In Figurative Language, L. David Ritchie, Valrie Dyhouse
Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this essay we discuss a class of apparently metaphorical idioms, exemplified by "fine as frog's hair," that do not afford any obvious interpretation, and appear to have originated, at least in part, in language play. We review recent trends in both play theory and metaphor theory, and show that a playful approach to language is often an important element in the use and understanding of metaphors (and idioms generally), even when metaphors can be readily interpreted by means of a vehicle-to-topic mapping. Based on this evidence we call for a more deliberate inclusion of language play in metaphor theory …
Lessons From The Color Of Fear, Jamie P. Ross
Lessons From The Color Of Fear, Jamie P. Ross
Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations
This chapter focuses on the role that power, innocence, and ignorance play in maintaining the position of white privilege. There are times when white people use their privilege in ways that overtly attempt to put and keep people of color in their places, but more often white privilege is less obvious. White privilege does not stand out in white people’s behavior at all times.When white behavior is normalized, it is masked. At these times, white privilege and power hide behind the masks of innocence and the masks of ignorance. White people can hide their location, with relation to power, from …