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Articles 661 - 690 of 1063
Full-Text Articles in Communication
A Response To White, Erin Conner
A Response To White, Erin Conner
Speaker & Gavel
If someone were to have asked me in the spring of 2008 if I thought that I was providing an honest and reliable interpretation of my communication analysis model, I would have said yes. Several months removed from the speech community, my answer remains the same. This letter is my response to Dr. Leah White‘s criticisms of my interpretation of I Lose, Therefore I Think: A Search for Contemplation Amid Wars of Push-Button Glare by Shuen-shing Lee—the article that served as my communication analysis model (Conner, 2008). I hope that this letter provides a more in-depth justification of my interpretation. …
Distortion In The Description Of Scholarly Research Methods In Competitive Forensics, Leah White
Distortion In The Description Of Scholarly Research Methods In Competitive Forensics, Leah White
Speaker & Gavel
Specifically, in this article I am concerned with our expectations regarding how students select and apply "methods" to their chosen topics. I argue that due to artificial expectations dictated by the unwritten rules of the event, students are not able to engage in accurate application of their selected scholarly articles. I will develop this argument by examining four communication analysis speeches presented in final rounds at the AFA-NIET to determine how accurately these students explain and represent their selected scholarship. I conclude the essay by offering suggestions for how we can encourage students to incorporate rhetorical theory into speeches in …
New Wine In Old Wineskins: Questioning The Value Of Research Questions In Rhetorical Criticism, Richard Paine
New Wine In Old Wineskins: Questioning The Value Of Research Questions In Rhetorical Criticism, Richard Paine
Speaker & Gavel
Recent years have seen a trend toward the inclusion and heightened valuing of research questions in competitive Rhetorical Criticism (Communication Analysis). The inclusion of this content element is quite a new phenomenon on the national-level competitive circuit. In fact, the absence of such research questions in competitive speeches was highlighted by Ott as recently as 1998. But by 2007-2008, the inclusion of a research question was established as essentially de rigueur for a vast number of judges. For example, consider the ballots received this past year by a competitively successful rhetorical criticism entry I coached. At one tournament, all five …
Critiquing Debate, James P. Dimock
Critiquing Debate, James P. Dimock
Speaker & Gavel
Debaters enjoy debating more than debate itself. The closer one gets to be-coming ―"an old debater" (a category to which I will inevitably have to resign myself sooner or later), the more likely we are to find ourselves debating on the side of ―"the way debate used to be" or ―"the way debate is supposed to be." I don‘t malign this seemly inevitable progression or even my place in it. I think the tendency to re-examine ourselves says something about our activity. I enter this debate about debate, I think I should begin by defining my side of the flow, …
A Functional Analysis Of French And South Korean Political Leaders' Debates, Yun Son Choi, William L. Benoit
A Functional Analysis Of French And South Korean Political Leaders' Debates, Yun Son Choi, William L. Benoit
Speaker & Gavel
This study reports two replications of research employing the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse, analyzing political leaders‘ debates from one European and one Asian country. French political debates from 1988 and 1995 and South Korean debates from 1997 and 2002 were content analyzed using the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse. Acclaims were the most common function, followed by attacks and then defenses, in both French and South Korean debates. Policy was discussed more often than character in French and South Korean debates. In France, but not in South Korea, incumbent party candidates acclaimed significantly more and attacked less …
The Terrible Secret Of Extemporaneous Speaking, Elizabeth Wehler
The Terrible Secret Of Extemporaneous Speaking, Elizabeth Wehler
Speaker & Gavel
I‘m not proud of it, but I have cheated in extemporaneous speaking. It was in the second round at the State Tournament my freshman year. We didn't have any files on the questions so I answered one about our state‘s recent casino legislation. There had been a large debate in my hometown over this issue so I knew something about the arguments. I made up all of my citations. I falsely cited regional papers, and even asked a teammate for the name of his local pa-per. I knew that if I didn't cite any sources, I would immediately get tanked …
Creating Sites For Reasonable Discourse Stasis In Public Deliberation, Aaron Dimock
Creating Sites For Reasonable Discourse Stasis In Public Deliberation, Aaron Dimock
Speaker & Gavel
This paper presents an analysis of stasis as a means for creating common ground between conflicting parties and a guide to judgment in public deliberation. Craig‘s (1989) approach to communication as a ―practical discipline‖ provides the theoretical justification for research that examines the practical communication problems society faces. This paper examines public discourse in the form of arguments before local deliberative bodies, where people are attempting to influence the judgment of the board and the public. Using the methods of a rhetorically informed discourse analysis (see Tracy, 2001 & 2002), this paper examines the formulation, presentation, and reaction to arguments …
Rejecting The Square Peg In A Round Hole: Expanding Arguments In Oral Interpretation Introductions, Crystal Lane Swift
Rejecting The Square Peg In A Round Hole: Expanding Arguments In Oral Interpretation Introductions, Crystal Lane Swift
Speaker & Gavel
This paper aims to advance the level of argument made in the introductions of competitive forensic oral interpretation of literature events. It is argued that the status quo of arguments in oral interp introductions is overall sub-par, and perhaps limited. Connections are made between the goals of the oral interpretation introduction and current work in the scholarship of historicity. Akin to conclusions performance scholars have made, it is not the truth or falsity of literature or history which is of primary concern, but rather the (potential) generative nature of literature. Just as Pollock calls performance scholars to make history go …
Universalism In Policy Debate: Utilitarianism, Stock Issues, And The Rhetorical Audience, William D. Harpine
Universalism In Policy Debate: Utilitarianism, Stock Issues, And The Rhetorical Audience, William D. Harpine
Speaker & Gavel
The purpose of this essay is to look beyond the current formulations of stock issues. The idea is to make use of the insights from previous theories and accounts of stock issues to create a theory of analysis that is better grounded and that therefore offers a more reasonable way to conduct argumentative analysis. The essay shows how utilitarian theory parallels the concept behind stock issues analysis, proposes the importance of ethics for argumentative analysis, differentiates approaches to utilitarianism, and concludes by examining the implications of utilitarianism for argumentation.
Superman And Wonder Woman: French Champions For Hiv/Aids Prevention Of Failed Aids Campaign?, Stephen M. Croucher, Terry L. Rentner
Superman And Wonder Woman: French Champions For Hiv/Aids Prevention Of Failed Aids Campaign?, Stephen M. Croucher, Terry L. Rentner
Speaker & Gavel
In 2004, the French government sponsored an AIDS/HIV prevention campaign; AIDES.ORG using photos of AIDS infected Superman and Wonder Woman to persuade adolescents to adopt preventative behaviors. This article asserts campaign organizers cancelled the campaign because it failed to provide audience efficacy and incorrectly manipulated fear in its campaign messages. Moreover, this article compares the AIDES.ORG campaign to other AIDS/HIV campaigns and argues effective health communication campaigns must provide efficacy to facilitate adoption of desired preventative behaviors. The Social Norms Approach is offered as an alternative method for developing effective health communication campaigns.
Front Matter
Speaker & Gavel
Front matter and table of contents for volume 46 of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Volume (47)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized volume (volume 47) of Speaker & Gavel.
The Peoria Recommendations: Suggestions On Promotion, Tenure And Evaluation For Forensics Professionals, Michael Dreher
The Peoria Recommendations: Suggestions On Promotion, Tenure And Evaluation For Forensics Professionals, Michael Dreher
Speaker & Gavel
The AFA Policy Debate Caucus gathered in 1993 at the Quail Roost Conference to create draft guidelines that would help forensic educators obtain tenure. While the original committee consisted primarily of debate educators, the goal was to create a document that could be supported by many forensic organizations. Clearly, the Quail Roost committee was correct in calling for a document that served all of these different constituencies. However, Quail Roost (as I‘ll further refer to the document in this article) was written from a policy debate paradigm. Quail Roost was updated in 2009 by a committee chaired by Robin Rowland …
A Report On The Status Of Standards For Tenure And Promotion In Debate, Robin Rowland, Jarrod Atchison, Derek Buescher, Matthew Gerber, Steve Hunt, Ryan Galloway, Kelly Mcdonald, Jeff Jarman, Kelly Young, Tom Hollihan, David Zarefsky
A Report On The Status Of Standards For Tenure And Promotion In Debate, Robin Rowland, Jarrod Atchison, Derek Buescher, Matthew Gerber, Steve Hunt, Ryan Galloway, Kelly Mcdonald, Jeff Jarman, Kelly Young, Tom Hollihan, David Zarefsky
Speaker & Gavel
In what follows, we first provide an overview of debate in order to explain the importance of the activity and then review the status of tenure and evaluation standards among directors/coaches in various types of programs across the country. A mass email was used to ask directors/coaches to submit information about the nature of their current appointment (tenure track, term appointment, and so forth) and the standards through which their performance is evaluated. In addition to seeking information about appointment and evaluation standards for current coaches, we reviewed material from previous developmental conferences and the Quail Roost document, as well …
A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Argumentativeness Among Christians In France And Britain, Stephen M. Croucher, Samara Anarbaeva, Jacob Turner, Deepa Oommen, Ian Borton
A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Argumentativeness Among Christians In France And Britain, Stephen M. Croucher, Samara Anarbaeva, Jacob Turner, Deepa Oommen, Ian Borton
Speaker & Gavel
This study analyzes the differences in argumentativeness between France and Britain. A total of 521 individuals in France (n = 244) and Britain (n = 277) participated in this study. Results indicate British Christians had a lower level of argumentativeness than French Christians. Religiosity was a nonsignificant predictor of total argumentativeness in France. However, in Britain, religiosity significantly predicted 37% of total argumentativeness.
Because I Said So: A Functional Theory Analysis Of Evidence In Political Tv Spots, Jayne R. Henson, William L. Benoit
Because I Said So: A Functional Theory Analysis Of Evidence In Political Tv Spots, Jayne R. Henson, William L. Benoit
Speaker & Gavel
This study examines presidential general election television advertising (1952-2004), primary advertising (1952-2008), and non-presidential advertising from 2002 (gubernatorial, U.S. Senate, U.S. House) to understand the use of evidence (statements for which sources are provided) in such campaign messages. 8% of the themes in these spots were supported by evidence (that is, identified a source for a claim). However, the longitudinal presidential data suggests that evidence in advertising was rare until the 1990s, when Bill Clinton in particular employed a great deal of evidence in his spots. Although the appeals across all ads were mainly positive (70% of the themes in …
Front Matter
Speaker & Gavel
Front matter and table of contents for Volume 47 of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Issue 48(1)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 48, issue 1) of Speaker & Gavel.
Sculpting The Rhetorician: A Transformation, Crystal Lane Swift
Sculpting The Rhetorician: A Transformation, Crystal Lane Swift
Speaker & Gavel
The following study is the result of a naive scholar infiltrating and analyzing a culture that she was unaware of before this experience. The participants in the study demonstrated numerous consistent patterns in their communicative interactions with each other, including: invitational community, marking space, the metaphor of "life as a journey", non-materialistic collectors, concrete positionality, producers and consumers of visual culture, and "the joke is on all of us."
Through The Linguistic Looking Glass: An Examination Of A Newspaper As Negotiator Of Hybrid Cultural And Linguistic Spaces, Anthony Spencer
Through The Linguistic Looking Glass: An Examination Of A Newspaper As Negotiator Of Hybrid Cultural And Linguistic Spaces, Anthony Spencer
Speaker & Gavel
I contend English-language media outlets could and should be viewed as minority-language media outlets as they are cultural negotiators for tourists, sojourners and other transnational migrants. To better understand the cultural and linguistic forces these English-language media outlets exert upon the host cultures and nations in which they exist, I performed three months of ethnographic observations at a newspaper in Costa Rica and conducted in-depth interviews with staffers. I particularly focus on the hybrid identities of the staffers as they in turn instruct their readers how to navigate this hybrid community. I identify and explain the themes, which emerged in …
Pragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, And Methodology: Toward A More Ethical Notion Of Argument Criticism, Matthew Gerber
Pragmatism, Pragma-Dialectics, And Methodology: Toward A More Ethical Notion Of Argument Criticism, Matthew Gerber
Speaker & Gavel
In this essay, I argue that the pragma-dialectical approach to the analysis of argumentative discourse is limited, or could better serve critics, if it provided a more defined method for the evaluation of arguments based upon goals, purposes, and consequences. Specifically, I argue current conceptions and applications of pragma-dialectical methodology potentially run the risk of amorality in that arguments are deemed ‗good‘ as long as they meet the goals of the speaker, regardless of what those goals or purposes might be. In the following segments of this essay, I will more clearly and specifically identify and investigate the aforementioned ethical …
The Fantasy Of Separatism: An Examination Of The Rhetoric Of Sri Lanka’S Tamil Separatist Movement, Carolyn Prentice, Suranthi Boange
The Fantasy Of Separatism: An Examination Of The Rhetoric Of Sri Lanka’S Tamil Separatist Movement, Carolyn Prentice, Suranthi Boange
Speaker & Gavel
The study used symbolic convergence theory to analyze the rhetoric of the Tamil separatist movement in Sri Lanka to garner support for their cause. Examining two texts, the 1976 Vaddukoddai Resolution and the 2008 Heroes Day speech, we identified three main fantasy themes and a dominant rhetorical vision in both. This timely study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of SCT as a method of rhetorical analysis across cultures and also incorporates some recent criticisms of the theory. Thus, the study provides nuanced insights into how terrorists inspire followers through their rhetoric.
Introduction To The Special Issue On Method In Communication, Stephen M. Croucher
Introduction To The Special Issue On Method In Communication, Stephen M. Croucher
Speaker & Gavel
Editor's introduction by Stephen M. Croucher from volume 48, issue 1 of Speaker & Gavel.
Front Matter
Speaker & Gavel
Front matter and table of contents for volume 48, issue 1 of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Issue 48(2)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 48, issue 2) of Speaker & Gavel.
When Men Are Sexually Harassed: A Foundation For Studying Men’S Experiences As Targets Of Sexual Harassment, Leland Spencer, Joshua Trey Barnett
When Men Are Sexually Harassed: A Foundation For Studying Men’S Experiences As Targets Of Sexual Harassment, Leland Spencer, Joshua Trey Barnett
Speaker & Gavel
While much scholarly attention has been given to sexual harassment, scholarship about men’s experiences as targets of sexual harassment has been limited. This essay is a review of the literature about men’s experiences of sexual harassment; it explores the operational definitions and sources of sexual harassment, the inadequacy of the instruments used to study sexual harassment, and the implications of this research for organizations and the field of communication studies. It also examines sexual harassment at the intersections of gender and sexual orientation, finding that there are apparent differences in incidences that feature diversity in these areas. This review concludes …
‘I Don’T Want To Become A Rules Cop’: An Organizational Culture And Leadership Discourse Analysis Of The Npda As A Failed Organization, Audra R. Diers
‘I Don’T Want To Become A Rules Cop’: An Organizational Culture And Leadership Discourse Analysis Of The Npda As A Failed Organization, Audra R. Diers
Speaker & Gavel
On March 23, 2010 Dr. Robert Trapp, former President of the National Parliamentary Debate Association (NPDA), posted a message to the parli listserve (parli-l) suggesting the final round of the national tournament lacked the sub-stance and nuance that the community should see in debate. Trapp’s post reflects a larger issue in the NPDA—the emergent divide and disparate organizational cultures emerging over the organization’s short lifetime. This paper investigates the often discussed, but still under-developed relationship between leadership and culture in mission-based organizations by analyzing the discourse of cultural leadership in the NPDA from 1994 to 1999. Findings suggest that the …
Late Husserl For The Rhetorical Critic, J. Scott Andrews
Late Husserl For The Rhetorical Critic, J. Scott Andrews
Speaker & Gavel
Questions of objectivity are perennial concerns of rhetorical critics—whether it is attainable, what form it takes, and how generally its results may be held. Given the celebrated “particularity” of any given rhetorical act, “objectivity” in rhetorical criticism is generally inadmissible as a standard for evaluation. The most frequent response to such questions is to assume a relativistic critical stance. Another alternative is to take a phenomenological approach—to let “the things” speak for “themselves.” This approach has taken root in communication studies, but less so in rhetorical criticism, given the (false) dilemma that the objectivity-subjectivity dichotomy forces. Edmund Husserl, in his …
Organizational Identification Strategies Of A Low Face-To-Face Member-Contact Organization, Deepa Oommen
Organizational Identification Strategies Of A Low Face-To-Face Member-Contact Organization, Deepa Oommen
Speaker & Gavel
This study looked at the identification seeking strategies of a low face-to-face member-contact organization, The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi. I used thematic analysis to identify the strategies that the organization used to seek the identification of its members. Findings of the study showed that by emphasizing membership as an exclusive privilege, recognizing the individual as a symbol of excellence, celebrating member achievements, inviting member contributions, emphasizing commitment to diversity, emphasizing organizational symbolism and highlighting testimonials of appreciation, the organization tried to seek the identification of its members. In many of the above-mentioned strategies, the overarching theme of elitism …
Front Matter
Speaker & Gavel
Front matter and table of contents for Volume 48, Issue 2 of Speaker & Gavel.