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Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons™
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- Inertial Measurement Units (3)
- Wearable Sensors (2)
- Accelerometer (1)
- Accelerometers (1)
- Accuracy (1)
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- Adaptation (1)
- Balance (1)
- Biological sex (1)
- Chimpanzee (1)
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- Crispr-Mediated-Genome-Editing (1)
- Deep Brain Stimulation (1)
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- Globus Pallidus Interna (1)
- HCV elimination (1)
- HPV vaccination; Vaccine hesitancy; Rural health disparities; Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR); Lewis County (1)
- Harm Reduction (1)
- Health Policy (1)
- Hepatitis C (HCV) (1)
- Human Movement (1)
- Human biology (1)
- Hypokalemia (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Limb (1)
- Mammals (1)
- Measurements (1)
- Microplastics; reproductive health; fetal development; environmental health; intergenerational harm (1)
- Motion (1)
- NY; Public health intervention (1)
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Biological and Physical Anthropology
Addressing Low Vaccination Rates In Lewis County, New York: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study, Samantha Carter
Addressing Low Vaccination Rates In Lewis County, New York: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study, Samantha Carter
Anthropology
Low rates of on-time human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination continue to remain a significant public health concern, particularly in rural communities, one being Lewis County NY, which reports the lowest rate of vaccination in the state. This study, through Upstate Medical University, uses a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) model in efforts to examine barriers to HPV vaccination and identifying community-driven solutions formulated by committee members from within the community. A steering committee composed of researchers and community members, who were also co-researchers, worked collaboratively to develop and distribute surveys to healthcare providers, dentists, and parents. Responses revealed that while many parents …
Microplastics And Generational Harm, Sara Najafi
Microplastics And Generational Harm, Sara Najafi
Anthropology
Microplastics are persistent environmental contaminants increasingly detected in ecosystems and the human body, raising concerns about their effects on health and future generations. This paper examines the environmental pathways, biological mechanisms, and reproductive consequences of microplastic exposure, with particular attention to female reproductive health and fetal development. Current evidence indicates that microplastics can contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, DNA damage, and cellular dysfunction, while also accumulating in reproductive tissues, follicular fluid, placental tissue, and breast milk. These exposures may impair ovarian function, fetal development, and long-term health outcomes. The paper also considers environmental inequalities that may increase exposure …
Understanding Hepatitis C Risk And Harm Reduction Needs Among People Who Smoke Drugs: A Client-Centered Qualitative Inquiry, Maxwell Gustin
Understanding Hepatitis C Risk And Harm Reduction Needs Among People Who Smoke Drugs: A Client-Centered Qualitative Inquiry, Maxwell Gustin
Anthropology
The spread of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) via non-injectable equipment is plausible, making people who smoke drugs (PWSD) at-risk for possible infection and transmission. While much research has been conducted into injection drug use (IDU), likely due to the rising opioid epidemic, limited studies focus on the risks PWSD face. Currently, state-funded syringe service programs (SSPs) provide harm reduction education and materials to combat these risks. Safer smoking initiatives have been created and are widely used by PWSD, and have access to SSPs. To gain better insight into the HCV and non-HCV-related risks and burdens PWSD face, a qualitative study …
Primates Shed Light On Glowing Mammals – Adaptation Or Epiphenomenon?, Juliana Hicks
Primates Shed Light On Glowing Mammals – Adaptation Or Epiphenomenon?, Juliana Hicks
Anthropology
Fluorescence is the ability of chemicals and materials to give off visible or invisible light after absorbing radiation such as ultraviolet light. Fluorescence has been documented in several mammalian families, yet Primates, as an order, have received limited attention in this regard. Within Primates, the suborder Strepsirrhini has been particularly overlooked. Strepsirrhines are compelling subjects due to their retention of primitive mammalian characteristics, representing a significant knowledge gap with respect to the occurrence of fluorescing pelage within the class Mammalia. To address this gap, we investigated the presence and absence of fluorescence in the pelage of preserved museum strepsirrhine specimens …
Accuracy Of Angular Displacement Measurements Using Imu, Aidan Mills
Accuracy Of Angular Displacement Measurements Using Imu, Aidan Mills
Anthropology
As a part of a larger group, this research focused on gathering data from accelerometers to gather further knowledge on how these devices could be used in further experiments. Using the Sparkfun Artemis accelerometer, angular displacement was isolated and tested to understand the parameters and abilities of the device. Simple tests were run moving the device through 90 degree angular changes. The data collected by the accelerometer was then analyzed using code written specifically to graph angular changes. The data was run through a low and a high pass filter to account for any drift experienced during the tests. An …
Parkinson’S Disease Pathophysiology And Comparative Analysis Of The Efficacy Between Subthalamic Nucleus And Globus Pallidus Interna Deep Brain Stimulation: A Student’S Perspective, Peter C. Solimando Ii
Parkinson’S Disease Pathophysiology And Comparative Analysis Of The Efficacy Between Subthalamic Nucleus And Globus Pallidus Interna Deep Brain Stimulation: A Student’S Perspective, Peter C. Solimando Ii
Anthropology
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is becoming an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease across the world, presenting with both debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms that progressively worsen throughout the course of the disease. Prominent motor symptoms include tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural/gait instabilities, while common non-motor symptoms include fatigue, pain, autonomic dysfunction (i.e., bowel and bladder dysfunction), mood disorders, and dementia. The advent of modern medical management of PD has introduced several different medications, the most popular being levodopa, that have shown success in reducing the severity of motor symptoms, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Throughout disease progression, however, …
Accuracy Of Balance Assessment Metrics Using Wearable Sensors, Brandon Sirof
Accuracy Of Balance Assessment Metrics Using Wearable Sensors, Brandon Sirof
Anthropology
Balance is a critical part of remaining healthy at all ages. Poor balance can lead to life-changing injury. Balance is typically assessed in a lab using a force-platform (FP), by comparing horizontal movements of the center of mass during trials with eyes open and eyes closed. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to accurately measure balance. Simultaneous FP and IMU data were collected for 1 subject for 45s trials with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). We evaluate whether IMU and FP metrics for COM movement (max accel and …
Using Wearable Sensors For Gait Analysis: Measurement Accuracy For Linear Measurements, Evan Block
Using Wearable Sensors For Gait Analysis: Measurement Accuracy For Linear Measurements, Evan Block
Anthropology
Measurement and analysis of human movement are necessary in a broad range of clinical, sports performance, and artistic applications. Historically, motion data were typically collected using optical motion capture systems. However, these systems are expensive and can only be used in lab spaces, which limits the range and speeds of human behavior. More recently, inexpensive, wearable sensors called Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have enabled motion measurement in natural settings, but these systems require validation before use. In this study, we evaluate measurement accuracy for linear displacements obtained using Sparkfun OpenLog Artemis IMUs. We conducted a series of tests, moving the …
Comparison Of Femoral Head Loading In Chimpanzees And Humans, Kyra Kalinovsky
Comparison Of Femoral Head Loading In Chimpanzees And Humans, Kyra Kalinovsky
Anthropology
Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans, despite this, the species do have very different loading on the epiphysis of the proximal head of the femur. The difference in loading is primarily due to a difference in locomotion. These differences affect the properties of subchondral and trabecular bone properties in the femoral head. Previous studies have shown that chimpanzees have thick and concave trabeculae that create a dense bone structure (Georgiou et al., 2018). These are found mostly on the inferior and central part of the femoral head. In humans, the structure of the trabecular bone volume is less …
An Investigation Into Peak Limb Compliance In College Sprinters, Lilian Sahibdeen
An Investigation Into Peak Limb Compliance In College Sprinters, Lilian Sahibdeen
Anthropology
During running, the limb acts as a mechanical spring where it compresses and recoils to release elastic potential energy with each ground contact. Maintaining maximal running speed is particularly important during sprinting. Individuals with stiffer limb springs are more efficient because of this. Limb stiffness can be calculated using Hooke’s law (k=F/ ΔL), where k is the spring constant, F is the peak ground reaction force, and ΔL is the change in hip height between the initiation of limb contact and the middle stance phase. Many factors contribute to limb stiffness and this study examines how stiffness variers with contact …
Error Rates In Sex Determination Of Human Skeletal Remains, Vanessa Slone
Error Rates In Sex Determination Of Human Skeletal Remains, Vanessa Slone
Anthropology
The possible fallibility of forensic methods has been under scrutiny for over a decade. Left out of the initial reviews were methods within forensic anthropology. A literature review was conducted to examine modern methods in determining the biological sex of human skeleton remains and their associated error rates in making a correct determination. Results showed no significant correlation between the number of traits being considered the subsequent error rate in determining sex. The skull was shown to be the least accurate in determining biological sex with the pelvis showing the lowest rate of error. Finally, between regression line-based methods and …
Hippocampal Extracellular Potassium Levels And Formation Of Spatial Memory In Response To Retrodialysis Insulin Administration, Gabrielle Shames
Hippocampal Extracellular Potassium Levels And Formation Of Spatial Memory In Response To Retrodialysis Insulin Administration, Gabrielle Shames
Anthropology
Insulin is the most common treatment for hyperglycemia, such as that caused by type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin causes cellular uptake and storage of glucose to maintain homeostasis and also plays important roles in other systems; an important example is regulation of potassium. In the periphery, insulin administration has been shown to increase the cellular uptake of potassium via Na+/K+ ATPase, leading to hypokalemia. Research in our lab and others has shown that insulin is a key regulator of cognitive function and local metabolism within the hippocampus. To date, however, no studies have examined whether insulin acts …
Rack1 Facilitates Efficient Translation Of Viral And Cellular Iress, Natasha Permaul
Rack1 Facilitates Efficient Translation Of Viral And Cellular Iress, Natasha Permaul
Anthropology
Ribosomes, the cellular machinery that translates mRNA sequences into protein sequences, are surprisingly heterogeneous molecules. More and more ribosomal proteins have been shown to facilitate translation of mRNA subsets. These mRNA subsets include mRNAs that can initiate translation using non-canonical pathways, for example using an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). IRESs are RNA structures that facilitate translation with fewer translation initiation factors than are required for canonical cap-dependent translation initiation. The ribosomal protein Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) has been previously shown to be required for translation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES, but not required for …
Engaging Local Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) In The Response To Hiv/Aids., Helen Cornman, Curt D. Grimm, Sujata Rana
Engaging Local Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) In The Response To Hiv/Aids., Helen Cornman, Curt D. Grimm, Sujata Rana
Anthropology
During the past few years, a number of key donor programs have scaled up their global response to the crisis of HIV and AIDS. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Bank’s Multi-country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP), and other bilateral donors and charitable foundations have raised significant resources to fight HIV/AIDS. Spending on HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries increased from $1 billion in 2000 to $6.1 billion …