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Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons™
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Biological and Physical Anthropology
Social Tolerance, Cooperation, And Constraint Shape Differentiated Social Relationships In Female Chimpanzees, Stephanie Fox
Social Tolerance, Cooperation, And Constraint Shape Differentiated Social Relationships In Female Chimpanzees, Stephanie Fox
Anthropology ETDs
In this dissertation, I investigate variables that promote and constrain female-female social relationships in chimpanzees, a species where females disperse at sexual maturity, reside primarily among non-kin as adults, and where fission fusion social structure can reveal how female social behavior responds to different social contexts. I conducted my research using a combination of detailed behavioural data that I collected during a one-year field season (2019-2020) and long-term data (2010-2019) collected by the Kibale Chimpanzee Project. I show that female chimpanzees form stable, differentiated social relationships, which reflect active preferences and variation in social tolerance (Chapter 2); females leverage these …
Energetic Tradeoffs, Infection, And Immunity In Wild Chimpanzees Of Uganda And Tanzania, Sarah Renee Phillips
Energetic Tradeoffs, Infection, And Immunity In Wild Chimpanzees Of Uganda And Tanzania, Sarah Renee Phillips
Anthropology ETDs
Infectious disease is a primary source of mortality for most mammal species, but scientists have little understanding of factors driving variation in infection and immunity between individuals, populations, and species in the wild. Life history theory provides an evolutionary framework for delineating distribution of available energy to competing physiological demands, including growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Early life reproduction should be favored over late life survival, but, in long-lived species, reproductive success is strongly tied to survival to old age. Slower pace of reproduction could allow investment in immunity, reducing risk of morbidity and mortality to infectious disease. Additionally, several host …
Ecologically Driven Changes In Subsistence Strategies: An Examination Of Bone Cross-Sectional Geometrical Properties In Hunter-Gatherers From Australia And Early Agriculturists From Belize, Ethan C. Hill
Anthropology ETDs
The primary purpose of this dissertation was to examine how changes to ecological context can urge subsistence level populations to adopt new subsistence strategies. This was accomplished by using metrics of bone strength to infer temporal behavior change in Holocene (10,000 BP – present) skeletal samples from southern Australia and southern Belize. The first paper, An Examination of the Cross-sectional Geometrical Properties of the Long Bone Diaphyses of Holocene Foragers from Roonka, South Australia, was written in collaboration with Osbjorn Pearson, Arthur Durband, Keryn Walshe, Kristian Carlson, and Frederick Grine. We compared long bone data for 69 individuals at Roonka …
Trends In Health, Stress, And Migration In The Pre-Contact Southwest United States, Alexis O'Donnell
Trends In Health, Stress, And Migration In The Pre-Contact Southwest United States, Alexis O'Donnell
Anthropology ETDs
The major goal of this dissertation was to examine migration and its impacts on health through use of dental morphological and paleopathological data. The case study is the Southwest United States between A.D. 1200-1400s. The second chapter, written with Corey Ragsdale, Biological Distance and the Fate of the Gallina in the American Southwest, examines where the Gallina people may have gone upon abandoning their homes in the late A.D. 1200s. We used dental data for 492 individuals and mean measure of divergence (biodistance) analysis to examine several hypotheses regarding where the Gallina went. We find that the Gallina may have …
Out Of Africa: The Ecological Context And Constraints On Early Homo Migration, Kathryn Gwen Sokolowski
Out Of Africa: The Ecological Context And Constraints On Early Homo Migration, Kathryn Gwen Sokolowski
2020 Award Winners
No abstract provided.
Reconstructing Landscape Use Patterns Using Strontium Isotope Ratios, Marian I. Hamilton
Reconstructing Landscape Use Patterns Using Strontium Isotope Ratios, Marian I. Hamilton
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation uses modern habitats and fauna to model the variability and predictive power of strontium isotope ratios in identifying dispersal patterns in primates and habitat preference in primate and non-primate fauna. It concludes that there are significant isotopic differences between gallery forest and xeric grassland habitats in the same area and that these differences are reflected in fauna with habitat preferences for one or the other. It also identifies the most reliable methodological approaches for identifying the philopatric and dispersing sex in primate communities. Finally, it applies this methodological recommendation to strontium isotope data from South African hominins, concluding …
The Structural Violence Of Maya Sacrifice: A Case Study Of Ritualized Human Sacrifice At Midnight Terror Cave, Belize, C. L. Kieffer Nail
The Structural Violence Of Maya Sacrifice: A Case Study Of Ritualized Human Sacrifice At Midnight Terror Cave, Belize, C. L. Kieffer Nail
Anthropology ETDs
The site of Midnight Terror Cave is located in the karstic Roaring Creek Valley near the village of Springfield in the Cayo District of Belize. The site was discovered in 2006 and fieldwork was conducted by the Western Belize Regional Cave Survey Project and California State University, Los Angeles, between 2008 and 2010. This dissertation focuses on the osteological analysis of the bones of 118 individuals recovered and recorded at the site. The osteological, contextual, and demographic evidence is framed within ritual and costly signaling theory of structural violence and viewed with the ethnohistoric and ethnographic literature of the ancient …
Belén’S Plaza Vieja And Colonial Church Site: Memory, Continuity And Recovery, Samuel E. Sisneros
Belén’S Plaza Vieja And Colonial Church Site: Memory, Continuity And Recovery, Samuel E. Sisneros
University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
This is my capstone project for completion of a Post MA certificate in Historic Preservation and Regionalism. I received the degree in Spring, 2019. The project involves recovering the legacy of a historic colonial church site in Belén, New Mexico. The work involves the descendant community’s sense of place and the continuity of memory and sacredness of Belen’s first church and original plaza.
The Physical Anthropology Of Pottery Mound: A Pueblo Iv Site In West Central New Mexico, Russell Lowell Gordon Schorsch
The Physical Anthropology Of Pottery Mound: A Pueblo Iv Site In West Central New Mexico, Russell Lowell Gordon Schorsch
Anthropology ETDs
The thesis presents the anthropometric data on 110 skeletons obtained by the University of New Mexico from Pueblo IV site of Pottery Mound. The measurements include 27 dimensions and 11 indices of the skull, face, and long bones of all or part of the 49 individuals. Observations on pathologist of the bones and teeth are also discussed. These data are compared with similar material from the Pueblo IV sites of Paako, Pecos, and Hawikuh. The Pottery Mound materials, although of a general Southwestern physical type, are somewhat divergent from other Pueblo IV groups.
The Big Sandy Site, Henry County, Tennessee, Douglas Osborne
The Big Sandy Site, Henry County, Tennessee, Douglas Osborne
Anthropology ETDs
When one considers that the dam at Gilbertsville, Kentucky, will back water to the Pickwick dam some 180 miles upstream, it becomes obvious that an adequate descriptive compilation of the archaeology of such an unusual area would be most difficult. Therefore it was decided to describe important sites of more or less discrete areas in separate publications and later to draw the whole together in one final synoptical work. This monograph is to be the first of the series of separate reports. It is offered, first as a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master …