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Articles 61 - 84 of 84
Full-Text Articles in Animal Studies
Darkness As A Positive Reinforcer In Weakly Electric Fish, Amber Lea D. Kincaid
Darkness As A Positive Reinforcer In Weakly Electric Fish, Amber Lea D. Kincaid
Theses and Dissertations
Darkness was used as a positive reinforcer in 14 Gnathonemus petersii fish in an object discrimination task. One subject showed a significant learning response. This study provides preliminary support for the use of darkness as positive reinforcement in weakly electric fish and presents potential areas of interest for future study.
How The Egg Rolls: A Morphological Analysis Of Egg Shape In The Context Of Displacement Dynamics, Ian R. Hays
How The Egg Rolls: A Morphological Analysis Of Egg Shape In The Context Of Displacement Dynamics, Ian R. Hays
Theses and Dissertations
Very little is known about how morphology effects the motion, stability and the resulting viability of avian eggs. The limited research that exists focuses on the pyriform or ‘pointed’ egg shapes found in the Alcidea family. This unusual shell form is thought to suppress displacement and prevents egg loss on the cliffside nesting habitat of the Uria genera. Unfortunately, these studies never isolated or quantify the specific morphological features (elongation, asymmetry and conicality) of these pyriform eggs, which limits their applicability to other taxa and hampers a robust proof of concept. We isolated each feature as a variable, produced models …
Effects Of Fluoxetine On Social And Startle Behavior In The African Cichlid Astatotilapia Burtoni, Stephanie Shih
Effects Of Fluoxetine On Social And Startle Behavior In The African Cichlid Astatotilapia Burtoni, Stephanie Shih
Theses and Dissertations
The commonly prescribed antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) is found in waste water and affects aquatic animals. Here we ask how social hierarchy and startle behavior in an African cichlid fish community is impacted by chronic fluoxetine exposure. Results indicate reduced aggression and startle rates, implying possible ecological consequences.
Feline Object Play: The Influence Of Catnip, Keri Detorres
Feline Object Play: The Influence Of Catnip, Keri Detorres
Theses and Dissertations
Catnip triggers a unique olfactory response and results in a play-like activity in felines. This invoked response appears similar to, but more exaggerated and intense, than regular play. The play behavior of 24 cats with two identical toys, one of which was infused with catnip, was compared.
Domestic Cat Ethology: Evaluating Social Media For Data Collection, Patricia Casey
Domestic Cat Ethology: Evaluating Social Media For Data Collection, Patricia Casey
Theses and Dissertations
This study looked at whether user-submitted videos of cats could be used to increase understanding of their behavior. The findings suggest that the behaviors observed were consistent with prior research, and contain typical cat behavior. Depending on the research question, user-submitted videos of cats are a promising data source.
Reward Preferences In Domestic Horses (Equus Caballus), Elizabeth E. Jaeger
Reward Preferences In Domestic Horses (Equus Caballus), Elizabeth E. Jaeger
Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined stress response in domestic horses (Equus caballus) to determine if horses show preference for either traditional or natural horsemanship training methods to test the hypothesis that natural horsemanship would induce less stress. Our results show that natural horsemanship rewards elicited lower stress response in horses.
Adult Human Perception Of Distress In The Cries Of Bonobo, Chimpanzee And Human Infants, Taylor Kelly
Adult Human Perception Of Distress In The Cries Of Bonobo, Chimpanzee And Human Infants, Taylor Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
Adult human listeners rated their perceived distress based on the recorded vocalizations of bonobo, chimpanzee and human infants. Results found that bonobos were rated highest, chimpanzee and human infants in the high arousal context were rated as lower distress, and human babies in low arousal rated lowest.
The Association Of Feline Behavior To Acoustical Features Of Kitten Directed Speech, Daniela Acevedo
The Association Of Feline Behavior To Acoustical Features Of Kitten Directed Speech, Daniela Acevedo
Theses and Dissertations
This study observed responses of cats to kitten and adult human directed speech. Human vocalization analysis showed significant variation in harmonicity for kitten directed speech. Playback experiments analyzing feline responses to owners and strangers using kitten and human directed speech showed higher attentiveness to a stranger’s kitten directed speech.
Assessing Behavioral Syndromes In Captive Red Pandas (Ailurus Fulgens) Using An Ethological Approach, Tyler C. Bray
Assessing Behavioral Syndromes In Captive Red Pandas (Ailurus Fulgens) Using An Ethological Approach, Tyler C. Bray
Theses and Dissertations
Animal personality has a significant impact on an animal’s physiology and welfare. Eight captive red pandas were observed to determine if personality can be assessed in this species using an ethological approach. Analysis revealed two behavioral dimensions: 1) Active/Exploratory and 2) Maintenance. Age differences were found in the Active/Exploratory dimension.
Assessing Preference For Contrafreeloading And Other Feeding Strategies In Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis), Jacinthe Sasson-Yenor
Assessing Preference For Contrafreeloading And Other Feeding Strategies In Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis), Jacinthe Sasson-Yenor
Theses and Dissertations
Giraffe were provided with a choice between easy and difficult food sources containing varying proportions of grain. Individual giraffe showed fixed preferences for contrafreeloading (working for food), eating at the easy source, or following the food distribution. Introduction of the contrafreeloading opportunity also led to a decrease in displacements.
Does Genotype Correlate With Phenotype? Evaluating Ruffed Lemur (Varecia Spp.) Color Vision Using Subject Mediated Automatic Remote Testing Apparatus (Smarta), Raymond Vagell
Theses and Dissertations
Ruffed lemur (Varecia spp.) color vision research was conducted using a multidisciplinary approach: psychophysics, genetic analysis, technology, and animal training. The behavioral manifestation of Varecia spp. trichromacy was shown using a touchscreen apparatus (SMARTA). Trichromats performed better than dichromats when discriminating red from green (G2 = 78.10, p < 0.001).
Investigating Attachment Behavior In Shelter Dogs, Anamarie Johnson
Investigating Attachment Behavior In Shelter Dogs, Anamarie Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
This study utilized a modified Strange Situation Test to investigate attachment behavior of shelter dogs to an experimental owner and a stranger observing physical contact and location. No difference was seen in physical contact but a small difference was seen in location.
Effects Of Ultra-Violet B On The Behavior Of Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys Scripta Elegans), Edgar Alarcon
Effects Of Ultra-Violet B On The Behavior Of Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys Scripta Elegans), Edgar Alarcon
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to test the predictions that (1) turtles raised under mercury vapor artificial lamps will display the greatest amount of time spent in ultra-violet zones, and (2) turtles are able to differentiate between UVB and non-UVB light sources. Prediction 1 was partially supported, while prediction 2 was met.
The Effect Of Play Group On The Behavior Of Shelter Dogs, Stephanie Flower
The Effect Of Play Group On The Behavior Of Shelter Dogs, Stephanie Flower
Theses and Dissertations
This study looked at two groups of dogs, one which attended play group prior to receiving their behavior evaluation and one that did not. The group that attended play group showed significantly lower scores when looking at the dog to dog portion of the behavior evaluation.
In The Eyes Of The Beholder: Pet Owners’ Attitude Toward Animals And Perception Of Their Pet’S Behavior, Suzanne K. Remito
In The Eyes Of The Beholder: Pet Owners’ Attitude Toward Animals And Perception Of Their Pet’S Behavior, Suzanne K. Remito
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored the relationship between pet owners’ attitude toward animals and perception of their pet’s behavior. Pet owners completed an online questionnaire regarding their pro-animal welfare attitude and pet’s behavior. The results indicate that gender and previous pet ownership are related to a person’s attitude toward animals.
The Effects Of Conspecifics On Dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Behavior During Behavioral Rehabilitation Treatments, Breanna Schultz
The Effects Of Conspecifics On Dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Behavior During Behavioral Rehabilitation Treatments, Breanna Schultz
Theses and Dissertations
With high dog euthanasia rates increasing adoption is a significant animal welfare issue that finding methods to treat fearful animals from cruelty cases could help. This study examined the effects of conspecific presence on dogs in behavioral rehabilitation and found significant differences in boldness-fearfulness and solicitation and proximity behaviors.
Ménage À Trois In The Atlantic Brief Squid (Lolliguncula Brevis): Prior Presence Affects Mate Choice, Rachel A. Schlessinger
Ménage À Trois In The Atlantic Brief Squid (Lolliguncula Brevis): Prior Presence Affects Mate Choice, Rachel A. Schlessinger
Theses and Dissertations
Lolliguncula brevis given prior presence experienced a significantly greater number of contacts with opposite sex squid than rivals. Males given prior presence also spent significantly more time in proximity to females than rivals. This suggests that for both female and male Atlantic brief squid, having prior presence influences mating behavior.
Birds Do It, Bees Do It, And Even Electric Fish Do It: Cultural Transmission Of Maze Learning In The African Weakly Electric Fish, Gnathonemus Petersii (Mormyridae, Teleostei), Ann Tomaszewicz
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, the ability of a maze-experienced, weakly electric fish to transmit spatial information to an inexperienced conspecific through exposure via paired training in a maze is evaluated using maze trial latency, electric signals discharged within the maze and the subsequent effect of training on molecular markers of memory.
A Case Study: Observations Of Behaviors & Vocalizations In A Captive Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) During Quarantine, Alexandra L. Dilley
A Case Study: Observations Of Behaviors & Vocalizations In A Captive Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) During Quarantine, Alexandra L. Dilley
Theses and Dissertations
Bozie, an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), was relocated from the Baton Rouge Zoo to Smithsonian’s National Zoo. During a requisite 29-day quarantine period, I recorded Bozie’s stress-related behaviors and the vocalizations she produced when she was alone and with her keepers in free and protected contact.
An Analysis Of Canine Processing Of Stimulus Compounds Varying In Light And Sound Intensity, Katherine O. Compitus
An Analysis Of Canine Processing Of Stimulus Compounds Varying In Light And Sound Intensity, Katherine O. Compitus
Theses and Dissertations
A dog was trained to respond deferentially to two light-sound compounds. The dog was then tested with combinations of additional light and sound intensities. The dog appeared to use the information provided by both stimulus dimensions. This research is relevant to the understanding of information processing, specifically categorization and generalization.
Behavioral Phenotyping Of Vmat1 Knockout Mice: Relevance To Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Kevin A. Webster Ph.D.
Behavioral Phenotyping Of Vmat1 Knockout Mice: Relevance To Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Kevin A. Webster Ph.D.
Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that causes a large economic burden and is prevalent across all cultures and countries around the world. Although both environmental factors and genetics are known to play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, the exact role of genetics and its interaction with environmental factors in an individual’s predisposition to develop schizophrenia is poorly understood. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms that include positive symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech), negative symptoms (e.g. avolition, anhedonia, depressive-like behavior), and cognitive dysfunctions (e.g. executive functioning deficits in learning and memory, attention, and vigilance). Genomic …
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored using no-reward markers (NRMs). Dogs were taught a novel trick. In the IG group dogs’ errors were ignored; in the NRM group they elicited a tone. Performance and stress were evaluated. IG dogs reached higher levels of performance, with no difference in the frequency of stress behaviors.
Dispersal: A Multidisciplinary Investigation Of Plant Life, Alexandra E. Arzt
Dispersal: A Multidisciplinary Investigation Of Plant Life, Alexandra E. Arzt
Theses and Dissertations
Using plants as a basis for exploring the interstices between the human and nonhuman, this thesis investigates ideas of awareness, intelligence, deep time, animism, and the fluctuating human perception of the agency of Nature. It outlines environmental art practices since the 1950s involving vegetal life. In addition, the paper provides a critical analysis of plant perception of Jakob von Uexküll’s work and theories of vital materialism and “critical plant studies” while noting recent studies in plant neurobiology. In my work, plants become active participants via their movement, seeding, and smell. This study takes the form of imitation, purposeful symbiosis, anthropomorphism, …
Characterization Of The Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of The Atypical Antipsychotic Amisulpride In C57bl/6 Mice, Timothy J. Donahue
Characterization Of The Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of The Atypical Antipsychotic Amisulpride In C57bl/6 Mice, Timothy J. Donahue
Theses and Dissertations
Amisulpride, a benzamide derivative, is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat both schizophrenia and depression. Amisulpride is a selective antagonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and at serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors and displays an atypical clinical profile with reduced extrapyramidal motor effects. The drug has a chiral center and is a mixture of two optical isomers: (S)-amisulpride and (R)-amisulpride. The present study used a two-lever drug discrimination assay to allow a direct comparison between amisulpride and its two isomers. Additionally, substitution testing was conducted with the typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, …