Animal Studies Commons^™

Stress: What Is It And How Can It Be Quantified?, T. H. Friend

Sentience Collection

An animal may be considered to be in a state of stress if abnormal behavior or extreme adjustments in its behavior or physiology are necessary in order to cope with adverse aspects of its environment. Methods used to determine if an animal is stressed can be either behavioral or physiological. Behavioral methods may be highly erroneous due to their subjective nature since alterations in behavior do not necessarily prove that an animal is stressed. There is no single measure of stress that can be used in all situations at this time. Every measure must be critically evaluated to ensure that …

Problems With Kosher Slaughter, Temple Grandin

Agribusiness Collection

Ritual slaughter to produce kosher meat is rooted in the teachings and writings of the Talmud. However, the preslaughter handling features of modern systems, particularly the shackling and hoisting of large steers, contravene the basic message of humaneness included in the teachings. The throat-cutting of a live, conscious animal is relatively pain-free, provided that certain precautions are followed, but U.S. kosher plants need to install newly developed conveyor-restrainer systems to eliminate the abuses of shackling and hoisting. Conveyor-restrainer systems for large and small animals are discussed.

Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen

Laboratory Experiments Collection

At its annual conference, held this June at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, the Animal Behavior Society (ABS) passed a resolution opposing HR 4805, a bill which would establish a National Center for Alternative Research to develop and coordinate alternative methods of research and testing which do not involve the use of live animals. The ABS, which represents some 1750 North American animal behavior researchers, took issue with the bill on the grounds that: a) it discourages replication of previously-obtained results, b) there are currently no satisfactory substitutes for live animals in behavioral research, c) it would complicate and …

Pain-Infliction In Animal Research, Dorothy Tennov

Experimentation Collection

A summary of research outlining the main sources of pain and stress to animals in laboratories provides the background for the results of a survey conducted by the author on how students feel about experimentation involving animals. The psychological aspects of student reaction to animal experimentation are examined. The conclusion outlines specific recommendations on ways to minimize pain and discomfort of laboratory animals.

Effective Strategies Of Social Protest, Henry Spira

Conference Presentations

On October 31 and November 1, 1979, The Anti-Cruelty Society hosted a conference on laboratory animal usage. It was a unique gathering that included not only humanitarians from near and far, but prominent members of the biomedical community as well.

Day Two of the conference (November 1, 1979) opened with a presentation by Henry Spira. The following is a condensed and edited summary.

Animals In Education: The Use Of Animals In High School Biology Classes And Science Fairs, Heather Mcgiffin, Nancie Brownley

ANIMALS IN EDUCATION is the proceedings of the conference, "The Use of Animals in High School Biology Classes and Science Fairs," held September 27-28, 1979 in Washington, D.C. which was sponsored by The Institute for the Study of Animal Problems, 2100 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. in connection with The Myrin Institute for Adult Education, 521 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10021.

Factory Farming, Michael W. Fox

eBooks

The information contained in this booklet will help you understand the methods by which your food animals are raised. These methods have come to be known as factory farming. It will also discuss the incredible magnitude of animal suffering which has resulted from treating animals as nothing more than machines to produce more and more animal protein in these modern factories.

The History And Impact Of Ufaw, W. M. Scott

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

No abstract provided.

Benign Uses Of Wildlife, Victor B. Scheffer

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

During the Age of Environmental Awareness, which dawned in the late 1960's, Americans turned to using wild animals more benignly(or in ways harmless both to individuals and populations) and less exploitatively. The evidence includes: new federal legislation reflecting a public shift toward benign uses, growth. of interest in 'nongame' wildlife, growth of interest in wildlife watching (rate of increase in number of camera safaris estimated at 32 % per annum in 7 recent years), growth in membership of animal-interest organizations (rate of increase estimated at 7.7% per annum in 15 recent years), and growth of interest in animal rights. Per …

Livestock Behavior As Related To Handling Facilities Design, Temple Grandin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A knowledge of the behavior of different species of livestock as we// as different breeds within a particular species is essential to the proper planning of a handling facility. An optimal facility should incorporate features which minimize stress on the animal and maximize the efficiency of movement from holding pen to slaughter area. Handler awareness of the animals' perception of critical distance flight zone and personal space requirements also reduces problems with balkin; and alarm behavior. Many improvements can be made with relative ease, thus enabling already existing facilities to upgrade their operations.

Edging Toward Extinction: The Status Of Wildlife In Latin America, Douglas R. Shane

eBooks

No abstract provided.

Sightings Of Moose, Deer, And Bears On Roads In Northern Ontario, D. Fraser

Anthropogenics and Population Decline Collection

No abstract provided.

The Meek Don’T Make It, Henry Spira

Commentaries and Editorials

Born 51 years ago in Antwerp, Belgium, Henry Spira ran away from home at 17 to join the Merchant Marine and took his first politics lesson in the National Maritime Union. After the Korean War he worked on a General Motors assembly line in New Jersey. "One thing you learned," Spira said, "is that the meek don't make it." In the late 1950s he first saw animal experiments in a laboratory while working his way through Brooklyn College. He joined the civil rights campaigns in the South and marched against the war in Vietnam, "from beginning to end." Henry Spira …

Every Fur Coat Hurts

Close Up Reports

CONTENTS

• Every Fur Coat Hurts!
• Whims of Fashion Fatal to Furbearers
• How Many Skins Make a Coat?
• What's it Like to be Trapped?
• Life and Death on the Ranch
• Outlawing the Trap: An Uphill Battle
• Economics of the U.S. Fur Trade
• Seals: The Cruel Clubbing Continues
• You Can Do Something to Save Furbearers
• Help HSUS Help Furbearers!

Every Fur Coat Hurts!

Close Up Reports

No abstract provided.

Illegal, Secret Dogfights And Cockfights Rampant In The U.S.

Close Up Reports

Early in July, a team of more than 30 local, state, and federal law enforcement officers led by HSUS investigators made a raid on a secret cockfight arena on the outskirts of town. More than 100 people were caught inside the building. All were violating Wyoming state law and possibly federal law.

Unlike cockfighting, dogfighting is expressly prohibited in all 50 states. It, too, is a violation of the animal fighting ventures section of the Animal Welfare Act. HSUS investigators are continually following up leads and providing information on illegal dogfights to local animal welfare groups and law enforcement agencies.

Illegal, Secret Dogfights And Cockfights Rampant In U.S.

Close Up Reports

Enforcement is Difficult & Dangerous!

The Ontogeny And Organization Of Comfort Behavior In Adelie Penguins, Marc Bekoff, David G. Ainley, Anne Bekoff

Ethology Collection

No abstract provided.

Homeless Cats And Dogs Are Suffering And Dying

Close Up Reports

Last year more than 13 million homeless cats and dogs were euthanized at humane societies and municipal animal shelters. As a statistic, 13 million may be meaningless. But think of it another way. Think of the 13 million as individual animals with individual personalities--each with their own beating heart, each with their own wretched story of how they found their way to the animal shelter. Each one was an individual breathing creature whose life was ended because there was no home to go to.

Homeless Cats And Dogs Are Suffering And Dying

Close Up Reports

No abstract provided.

Hsus Opposes Cruel Clubbing Of Harp Seal Pups

Close Up Reports

World opinion, including that of many Canadians, has long been against the annual so-called "seal harvest" on the ice floes off the coast of Newfoundland. Yet the Canadian bureaucrats refuse to budge.

As spring approaches, protests are being raised throughout the world to end this barbaric practice. At the same time the Canadian government is attempting to convince the world that the clubbing is both "humane" and necessary.

Hsus Opposes Cruel Clubbing Of Harp Seal Pups

Close Up Reports

No abstract provided.

Alternatives To Laboratory Animals: Definition And Discussion, Andrew N. Rowan

The Institute for the Study of Animal Problems [ISAP]

The origins of the concept of "alternatives" to the use of animals in research may be traced back to the 1800's and the furore about using live animals in surgical and other experiments. Some of the animal protection societies in England were prepared to accept animal experimentation provided it was performed under anesthesia. Even Dr. Marshall Hall, who championed the spread of experimental medicine in 19th century England, considered it necessary to control and prevent unwarranted, inept and cruel experimentation (French, 1975). The concept of alternatives has developed in the 20th century to encompass not only the reduction (prevention) of …

Twenty-Five Years Of Growth & Achievement: The Humane Society Of The United States (1954-1979), Patrick B. Parkes, Jacques V. Sichel

Humane Societies and Rescue Organizations Collection

The HSUS came into being because, for several years previously, a great many people throughout the United States were aware of the tremendous need for a strong humane group that would actively endorse and work towards eliminating, on a national scale, some of the more obvious cruelties and injustices imposed on animals in slaughterhouses and by uncontrolled breeding of domestic pets. They also realized the necessity for a humane organization that would act in a missionary role, to encourage and assist in the formation of humane societies in the thousands of towns and areas where none existed.

Livestock Grazing And Riparian/Stream Ecosystems: An Overview, William S. Platts

Ecological Impacts of Animal Agriculture Collection

No abstract provided.

Food Animals Are Suffering: Hsus Intensifies Campaign To Eliminate Cruelty On 'Factory Farms'

Close Up Reports

Annually, our food delivery system processes more than 4 billion animals through a chain of events fraught with cruelty. As consumers, we first meet the cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, and dairy . products at our local supermarkets. The meat is wrapped in clear plastic. The eggs are attractively displayed. The butter comes in cubes. And the veal is already breaded for our quick consumption. The animals that suffered for our daily meals are anonymous creatures we'll never meet.

Our food delivery system is one of the most efficient in the world. The large corporate farms that produce most of our …

Food Animals Are Suffering

Close Up Reports

HSUS intensifies campaign to eliminate cruelty on 'factory farms'

Euthanasia Of Dogs And Cats: An Analysis Of Experience And Current Knowledge With Recommendation For Research, T. Carding, The Institute For The Study Of Animal Problems

Euthanasia Collection

While it may be regarded by some as inhumane or unethical to take any life, mankind, as responsible stewards of animals, is obliged to do so for many reasons: for food, health, population control, to alleviate incurable suffering, etc. Yet beyond the ironies and ethical dilemmas of the right to life versus the right to take life, lies the necessity to destroy life. This entails an enormous ethical responsibility relevant to the times, and also the moral injunction that the method of killing be humane, in other words, causing the least possible distress, physically and psychologically. This injunction implies, therefore, …

Euthanasia Of Dogs And Cats: An Analysis Of Experience And Current Knowledge With Recommendations For Research, T. Carding, M. W. Fox

eBooks

1978 Special Report prepared by the Institute for the Study of Animal Problems

Hsus Investigation Leads To Fifty Arrests In Cockfight Raid

Close Up Reports

Because cockfighting is illegal in California, cockfights are held in the strictest secrecy. An HSUS undercover informant, posing as a cockfighting enthusiast, managed to win the confidence of some members of the cockfighting fraternity near Sacramento, California. After several months of undercover work, he was finally invited to a major Derby meet on Sunday, April 23rd. He immediately began arrangements to have the fight raided and participants arrested. Three members of the HSUS Investigations Department, Frantz Dantzler, Phil Steward, and Marc Paulhus, flew to California to set up the raid.