Animal Studies Commons^™

Activity Of Moose And White-Tailed Deer At Mineral Springs, D. Fraser, H. Hristienko

Social Behavior Collection

Activity of moose (Alces alces) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was studied at two natural mineral springs (licks) in Ontario during the springtime and summer of 1977 to 1980. Most adult moose appeared to use a lick during a single 1- to 5-day period in a year; some returned at intervals during the season; and all seemed drawn principally by the mineral-rich water. Some young moose remained in the lick vicinity for 3 weeks or more, and often wandered in and out of the licks, grazing herbage as well as drinking. This suggested a social as well as a nutritional …

Hsus Uncovers Cruel Puppy Mills

Close Up Reports

It is estimated that puppy mills grind out more than half a million puppies every year to be sold almost exclusively in pet stores. But it is not only puppies--who, after all, escape the squalor and crowding after six or seven weeks that suffer. Of equal concern is the fate of the puppy mill breeding stock-living, breathing, feeling adult dogs-used to produce these "valuable" puppies. These dogs often are forced to spend their entire lives in cramped cages or pens, with not enough food or water and no shade from the scorching midwestern sun or shelter from the brutal winter …

Hsus Uncovers Cruel Puppy Mills

Close Up Reports

Investigator exposes hidden misery on mass breeding farms

Behavioural Budgeting By Wild Coyotes: The Influence Of Food Resources And Social Organization, Marc Bekoff, Michael C. Wells

Ethology Collection

Daytime behavioural budgets of coyotes (Canis latrans) living in the Grand Teton National Park Jackson, Wyoming, were analysed in order to determine how activity patterns ' ere influenced by food resources and social organization. In winter coyotes rested more-and hunted less than in other seasons. Pack-living coyotes rested more and travelled less than resident pairs or solitary resident or transients during winter months when the major food resource was ungulate (predominantly elk, Cervus canadensis) carrion. A mated female living in a pack rested significantly more and travelled significantly less than a mated female living only with her mate (as a …

International Coalition To Abolish Ld-50, Michael Marten

Popular Press Items

No abstract provided.

Hsus Helps Bust Cruel Dogfights

Close Up Reports

The HSUS believes that dogfighting, along with other blood sports, is nothing less than torture for fun that is degrading and unfit for a civilized society.

The HSUS' dogfighting program is one of the most extensive in the nation. We are frequently contacted by other animal welfare groups, law enforcement agencies, and the media to provide assistance or expertise. Our investigators frequently travel undercover to dogfights, risking their lives to garner information from the heavily armed and often drug-using dogfighting fraternity. It is often information that only we are interested in providing that enables dogfighters to be caught and arrested. …

Hsus Helps Bust Cruel Dogfights

Close Up Reports

Thirty-eight arrested in raids in Georgia and Ohio

An Observational Study Of Scent-Marking In Coyotes, Canis Latrans, Michael C. Wells, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Urination and defaecation patterns of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) were studied in the Grand Teton National Park, Jackson, Wyoming, for two years. The vast majority of urinations by adult males and females were involved in 'marking,' and differentiating between 'marking' and 'elimination' may not be necessary. Our results may be summarized as follows: 1) Raised-leg urinations (RLU) performed by males were most frequently used in marking. (2) Females marked throughout the year using the squat (SQU) posture. (3) Snow tracking and reading snow sign resulted in a gross underestimate of the relative frequency of SQU's and a large overestimate in …

An Observational Study Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Scent-Marking And Territoriality In Yellowstone National Park, Joseph J. Allen, Marc Bekoff, Robert L. Crabtree

Ethology Collection

Free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) living in neighboring packs were observed in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, from Jan. to May 1997. Through direct observation, we recorded the location of coyote scent marks and information regarding the identity of the marking animal. Patterns of scent-marking were then analyzed spatially and demographically. All of the evidence from the present study supports a strong relationship between scent-marking and territoriality in these coyotes, and all predictions were met. A preponderance of scent marks was found in the periphery of territories. Most of those marks were raised-leg urinations (RLUs) and forward-lean urinations …

Shade Management In Subtropical Environment For Milk Yield And Composition In Holstein And Jersey Cows, R. J. Collier, R. M. Eley, A. K. Sharma, R. M. Pereira, D. E. Buffington

Management and Monitoring of Farm Animals Collection

Forty-eight cows were assigned randomly to shade (15 Holsteins, 8 Jerseys) or no shade (16 Holsteins, 9 Jerseys) for 102 days beginning 12 June 1977 to examine effects of solar heat load on milk yield and composition. Rectal temperatures, respiration rates, and rumen contractions/min were monitored between 1200 and 1700 h on 20 randomly selected days. Morning and evening milk weights were recorded daily. Once weekly, morning and evening milk samples were collected from each cow and analyzed for fat, protein, acidity, freezing point depression, and somatic cell number. Black Globe temperature, rectal temperature, and respiration rate were elevated in …

Fight For Alternatives Gathers Momentum

Close Up Reports

Commitments to help lab animals are extracted from industry and government

Farm Animal Welfare: Some Economic Considerations, Frances Turner, John Strak

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

There has been increasing public concern in the U.K. and other European countries about some of the intensive methods of livestock production used in modern agriculture. The battery system of egg production, which produces almost all of the eggs consumed in Britain, has aroused particular opposition, but there is also strong feeling about housing systems that effectively immobilize their inhabitants, such as certain types of veal calf and pig rearing units. In a recent test case in West Germany, an egg producer was charged with "continuous cruelty" to his 60,000-strong battery flock. A high court decided it was cruel to …

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Companion Animals - Progress in Sheltering and Control

2. Laboratory Animals - AAALAC Chairman Deplores Lack of Controls on Animal Research

3. Laboratory Animals - Revlon Funds Draize Test Initiative

4, Farm Animals Biotin and Farm Animal Welfare

5. Farm Animals - U.K. Report on Transport and Slaughter

6. Farm Animals - USAHA Wants Welfare Research

7. Wildlife Scoline and Culling Operations

8. Badgers Cowed by MAFF Report

Letter To Editor: Usda And The Dog Breeding Industry, Usda Response, Suzy Brown, Pierre A. Chaloux, Max B. Heppner

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Brown critiques claims regarding improved regulation of the dog breeding industry with a response by Chaloux and Heppner of the USDA,

Farm Animal Welfare: Some Opinions, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The subject of farm animal welfare has evoked a wide range of responses from those involved in the livestock industry and those concerned about the humaneness of intensive husbandry farming practices. Books have been published

on the subject (Harrison, 1964; Mason & Singer, 1980; Dawkins, 1980, and Fox, 1980 and 1981), as well as many articles in professional and popular magazines. Three international symposia dealing with animal rights have

been held in the last two years (Lehman, 1980; Miller, 1981; Paterson and Ryder, 1980), and a major European conference dealing with farm animal welfare and involving veterinarians, farmers, animal scientists, …

Letter To Editor: Clever Hans And The Humane Movement, Susan Burns

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author suggests that attempts to encourage animal communication with humans overlook the sophisticated communication methods employed by animals. A greater appreciation of animal abilities to identify cues communicating human intentions would promote a more expansive recognition of animal rights.

The Politics Of Animal Rights: Making The Human Connection, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal Rights is in the air, so much so that the term borders on becoming a buzzword and the cause itself the latest form of radical chic. Although Lewis Gompertz, Henry S. Salt, and others put forth radically different views on attitudes and relations toward other animals more than a century ago, the publication in 1972 of essays by Brigid Brophy, Richard Ryder, and others in the book, Animals, Men and Morals (London: Gollancz, 1971; New York: Taplinger, 1972) and the more famous book, Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer (New York Review, 1975) have sparked another wave of these views …

Animal Welfare, Rights And 'Liberation', Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A distinction that is more than mere semantics needs to be made between specific philosophical and political trends in the humane movement. The movement's historical basis is founded upon the morality of promoting kindness toward all creatures: reverence for all life. This approach has been strengthened by integrating ecological or eco-ethical principles and the emerging interdisciplinary animal welfare science. Furthermore, the movement has been enriched by the scholarship of moral philosophy, including the limited but valuable concept of animal 'rights.'

A Reply To ''Animal Welfare, Rights And 'Liberation"' By M.W. Fox, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A distinction that is more than mere semantics needs to be made between specific philosophical and political trends in the humane movement. The movement's historical basis is founded upon the morality of promoting kindness toward all creatures: reverence for all life. This approach has been strengthened by integrating ecological or eco-ethical principles and the emerging interdisciplinary animal welfare science. Furthermore, the movement has been enriched by the scholarship of moral philosophy, including the limited but valuable concept of animal 'rights.'

Social And Cognitive Capabilities Of Nonhuman Primates: Lessons From The Wild To Captivity, William C. Mcgrew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

All anthropoid primates in nature lead highly social lives. In infancy and childhood, this is characterized by stability and familiarity for both sexes; in adulthood, either one or the other sex changes groups. The natal group provides a social network of matrilineal kinship. After sexual maturity, incest avoidance and exogamy are the rules. Significant differences exist across species and between the sexes in mating strategies. In most species, males emigrate, but in others, females do so. Male sexual behavior is based on competition between peers; females exercise choice in selecting sexual partners. Normal development of sexual behavior and maternal caretaking …

The Politics Of Animal Rights: Making The Human Connection, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal Rights is in the air, so much so that the term borders on becoming a buzzword and the cause itself the latest form of radical chic. Although Lewis Gompertz, Henry S. Salt, and others put forth radically different views on attitudes and

relations toward other animals more than a century ago, the publication in 1972 of essays by Brigid Brophy, Richard Ryder, and others in the book, Animals, Men and Morals (London: Gollancz, 1971; New York: Taplinger, 1972) and the more popular book, Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer (New York Review, 1975) have sparked another wave of these views …

History Of The Humane Movement And Prospects For The 80s, Robert A. Brown

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It was in 1836 that the oldest humane society currently in existence, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, was founded in London. Many others were formed during the nineteenth century, such as the organization I now represent, which was founded in Chicago in 1899. Above all else, there is one distinguishing feature of this period for me: the movement had what is known in Chicago as clout. In marked contrast to the years following the First World War, humane societies enjoyed support from individuals of wealth, influence, and brains. That was a high point for the …

Where To Put Your Choker, Roger A. Mugford

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The choke chain has become an indispensable aid in training dogs, but even the most time-hallowed practices deserve an occasional critical review. The author has recently completed an investigation into the uses and abuses of choke chains and failed to find any benefit from using a choker rather than a conventional leather collar. Indeed, there are some very considerable dangers and disadvantages associated with the device. These charges may sound like heresy to many dog trainers, but they may strike a sympathetic chord with others.

Letter To The Editor: Lnterspecific Affection In Animals, Gordon Gunter

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author describes cases where baboons “adopt” kittens and two different species of seal interact to benefit the smaller species.

Letter To Editor: Animals As A Minority, Edward G. Ludwig

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author presents arguments that animals should be treated as a minority group.

Animals In Film And Television, D. B. Wilkins

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animals are entertaining. Human beings have exploited this undoubted fact for centuries and to the commercial advantage of many people. How we have exploited animals' natural and unnatural behavior has varied. These variations include the straightforward exhibition of an animal in a zoo to the perversity of dogfighting, in which animals are allowed to fight until one or another is killed or badly injured. Entertainment implies both amusement and enjoyment, and it is incredible to realize that even within our so-called advanced Western civilization, there are still people who can gain enjoyment from either directly torturing and killing animals or …

Getting Educated At The Zoo, Nancy Heneson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

In the search for and debate over objective indices of farm animal welfare, productivity Is regarded by many animal scientists and others in the livestock industry as the most reliable measure of an animal's overall well-being and adaptability. On the surface, this would seem so, as productivity, in terms of growth rate, milk yield, feed conversion, and egg production, can be easily quantified. However, there are flaws in this assumption.

An Overview Of Zoo Goals And Exhibition Principles, Randall L. Eaton

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The term recreation is best considered as re-creation or re-juvenation of the individual owing to a certain quality of experience. For many reasons, humans are attracted to nonhuman animals. Yearly, more than 100 million Americans visit zoos, a level surpassing visitation to professional athletic events or participation in fishing. Perhaps the most astonishing thing about human fascination for wildlife in captivity is that it is so rampant despite the poor conditions of most zoos. More than anything, this indicates an overwhelming affection for animal life.

The Role And Responsibility Of Zoos: An Animal Protection Viewpoint, John E. Cooper

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The paper examines zoological collections from the viewpoint of the animal and, in particular, draws attention to areas where welfare considerations should be paramount. The article does not cover the capture and transportation of zoo animals. However, this is obviously of great importance and must be included in overall considerations of the welfare of zoo animals. The author views zoos as providing value in terms of both scientific and educational goals. The welfare of animals in zoos may be compromised by willful cruelty, neglect, or suboptimal management, but it is not always easy to distinguish between them. The author also …

A Response To Dr. Ian Dunbar, Graham Henderson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Henderson, the Executive Director of the Toronto Humane Society, presents some comments on Dr. Ian Dunbar’s proposed strategy for dog-owner education (IJSAP 2(1):13-15, 1981). He notes that Dunbar dislikes the “irresponsible owner” descriptor, but Henderson argues that the description is appropriate. He notes that the Toronto Humane Society serves as the animal control agent for the city of Toronto, and hence they are regarded as “the law” by city residents. This perception creates a challenging dynamic between society and dog owners, and Henderson doubts that Dubars proposed strategy for dog owner education would be practical in Toronto.